until maloof says this scheme has enabled the u. s. and his allies to save billions of dollars. the cost of demilitarize, a lot of that equipment is about half again of what the cost, original cost of the equipment was. you're talking potentially billions. yeah, that would save billions, especially with i'll goes to ukraine. that saves a lot in terms of having to replenish or, or in terms of demilitarize. so i think that this will be, this is something they're looking forward to, but it's going to take a while to back up the what, what has been sent with new equipment. the supplies are not unlimited, and i think they probably cannot go for a much longer, more than probably another 6 months to, to almost a year at the most of it without some very serious

replenishment and, and, and reconnoitering of resources which i don't see happening right now, the american people will not support it, was a research has shown that western piles have been saving enormous costs with their supplies. ukraine, a us brand, lead time, cost $4300000.00. and the country gets a substantial reduction on expenses for storage and potential dismantlement amounting to almost fall is original price. the same goes for javelin anti tank systems which cost out of $70000.00. each european powers are also reported to getting similar savings at british challenges to tank is certain to cost more than $5000000.00. and a german leopard to tank is estimated at $11000000.00 another global commodities making headlines as of the london methods. shane hat was rocked

by was being described as a major setback and sort of bags of nickel in their warehouse. they found stones london, metal exchange warehouse warrants used to be the goal standard to warehouse warrants around the world. treated as a near cache equivalent. sophie has gone horribly wrong. the l m e 9, kansas at 11 to 54 tons of nickel have been declared invalid alkaline found to be quote, non conformant. what should have been bars of pure? nathan turned out to be tons of stones. all metal stood at the warehouse in wade and the effects of rock should not have passed inspection. political. alice alexander mckay says that incidents like this one drastically undermined quit ability different financial institutions. people is starting to

see more, more incidence of misrepresentation of these commodities and misrepresentation of what they are, what these companies have a have in terms of what they have available to trade. and this all comes from essentially a trust slowly breaking down in the system. me see something that will under metal exchange o me does the business that it does. and he's able to have as many clients as it does because it has a long established almost 150 year reputation. and now what we found over really the past 20 years with regards to a lot of these long established trading establishments and financial institutions is the fraud has becoming as become more and more visible. you build up a reputation over hundreds and hundreds of years, sometimes in the case of the london metal exchange, almost a century and a half of continue, i continue operation. and so if it gets out there as a story, the companies that use to lend a metal exchange in london, metal exchange itself,

have been allowing a stones to pass for nichol, have been allowing valuable commodities to go missing. then what happens is, then companies will no longer trust that institution. christie, i hosts the cost of everything up next time will be back over the hour. ah, ah, medical waste is actually a huge environmental issue. and with the pandemic, personal protective equipment, or p p e waste has skyrocketed. i'm pci and you're watching the cost of everything . where today we're going to be examining what happens to all of the medical ways generated every year from hospitals, clinics. and now individuals wearing their p p,

ah, according to a recent study, the global medical waste management market is projected to beach 16000000000 dollars by 2029. medical waste is the ways produced in any health care or diagnostic activity and can be hazardous or non hazardous due to the various contaminants it has come in contact with hospitals, research labs and nursing homes generate a high amount of medical waste. and depending on what type of waste it is, if it's infectious ways pathological waste, chemical, waste, sharp objects, pharmaceutical waste, or even radioactive waste, it is all treated differently. hospitals and health care facilities typically generate a lot of ways which can transmit infections, particularly h, i v, b and c, and tetanus to people who handle it or come in contact with it. key components in

waste management includes collection, transportation, storage treatment, and recycling. waste is the 1st collected in various container sources and you often see different colored or labeled bins for collecting sharp objects. bio hazard waste goes into another bin and gowns, gloves, and masks go in another. this segregation reduces the amount of waste that needs special handling and treatment. storage is also important for the segregated waste storage and hospitals is generally between 12 to 24 hours before it is transported out. and it needs to be clearly labeled to show the ward where it's kept. so if needed, the waste can be traced back to its source. next, waste is transported for treatment, usually accompanied by and signed and dated for accountability. special vehicles must be used as to prevent access to and direct contact with the waste by the

transportation operators scavengers, and the public drivers must also be trained in the procedure in case there is an accidental spillage. finally, the waste is treated based on his category. the waste must be disposed of by incineration or plasma pyrolysis sanitary landfill, or pit things like scalpels will undergo sterilization via gamma radiation or autoclave. now both incineration and plasma pyrolysis produce gas pollutants. and given all of this hospitals, they're paying a lot for proper waste management. $7000.00 tons of solid waste are generated in the us every day at a cost of $10000000000.00 per year. on average, it costs hospitals to, to $0.06 per pound for solid waste disposable. $0.30 to a $1.25 per pound for bio hazardous and infectious waste. and between $1.00 to

$6.00 per pound for hazardous waste. the global medical waste management market experienced tremendous pressure during the cold, in 1900 pandemic due to the high usage of p p u equipment. there is also a large amount of diagnostic test kits. disinfectants, chemicals, and vaccine meals, all of which produce waste after one time usage. there's a large concern about the hazardous medical waste produced and the risks of contamination associated with waste management. according to the w, h l over 10000 tons of extra medical waste has been generated in response to coven 19 over 9000000000 doses of coal. the vaccine have been administered globally, producing over a 145000 tons of additional medical waste. in the form of syringe, needles, and safety boxes. over a 140000000 diagnostic test gets generated over 2600 tons of medical waste. and for more, let's bring in citation, then ha,

associate director at talk 6 link in new delhi india. so then how, thank you so much for joining us from the other part of the world. how much waste is generated from the coven, 1900 pandemic, globally? it was, i chose, of, you know, challenge to all of us for, we're looking on these issues. initially we didn't know what was happening, it was quite overwhelming to see the kind of restriction being generated because none of us had any knowledge of disbanding. what is the level of infection and what is that isn't? so there was a strong for team and then it was we were trying to find that was should be the political for this capital base. that was one 1st. what should go away and how should we deal with it? it multiplied middle initial stages and that was in 20 i think 201922020 march or sometime in india we had the 1st is in january and slowly and

gradually started to increase. so that was the 1st thing. but oh, but then global a did that. what is it is that it went up almost bible 10 types that will do vision mission. and while the one of the biggest, ah, constituents of this waste was or took last prison if you and was trying to, you know, they were logged on conditions that people are staying at home. they want to lose everything to be deceived and sanitized condition. and all the kind of things that religion hospital were also to be sanitized condition. so there was too much of blasting, which would institute of amount of plastic which was being used in those days. so that was one 1st roster. and that with allies to requesting. but there were other kinds of list that had to happen, like you know, p p, e face mask face shield gloves are fully be sold, which are not to from materials at different points of time. so all that started to

happen a w h was on dieter, and then there were other things like, you know, i just think it's than a, than your vaccinations, the number of singers that the world used. so if you look at the spread or the quantum off, ah, hospital accouterments and that were used in those days, is phenomenally large. are they say that about $200.00 for ugly that about oh, each 1000000 tons of fall offer, you know, least one of generated groups. and is there a way to make waste management more efficient and eco friendly or is waste this kind of waste inevitably a by product of the medical industry. it's hard to see that it can be made you go friendly, but yes, there are days of deducing beast or treating race and making it more,

you know, you can handle it better so that it doesn't go out into the oceans, will, doesn't got into it. but the fact remains that you will have infectious 1st generation for phosphates acting as hard to say, at least from our experience of working on this that up by year. so. and so you would not have been infectious face natural hospital, or they're all be treated at dispos talk within the hospital. said it's perhaps that can be possible. but what experience we bring to the table in developing economies is that hospital wrist can be matched. it can be reduced and that's what i said. my opening statement was that only about 15 percent of the hospital waste is actually affected. and if i give you a figure, oh, it varies from country to country. all of his cherish are if you ask me about india, who is generational, but bid is about point 8. kitty's or intended graphs 7 to 800 wraps on an average

from primary healthcare facilities to a touchy hook and facility. it can vary, but i'm giving an average data about $7.00 to $800.00 maps if a good to the data from united states or to go for data from united from canada, it goes up to 8 pages per bit faster difference. so again, the question comes up is how do you minimize me? so if you can segregate waste at the point of generation like we do in our country where the port upon of separating waste and the point of childish so much of the plastic, much of the glass that we generate, we decontaminated and we bring it back into the supply chain again, our plastics be shredded, we make better inside of it and we bring it back into plastic receipts. so that is a way to deal with in an environmental is some condition and be decontaminated

either chemically or with thermal processes. there's an o o protocols which have been laid out by that of neutral so, and there are other kinds of other governments also another vi, those such as shoots were given orchestra. and what do you think the trend as moving forward as surgical enhancements become cheaper and more readily available? he does making those, but is also a way forward for a human kind that who need cheaper medical facilities to for people, especially in countries like always where there are so many poor people who can get medical treatment because they can't afford it. so imagine, you know, it, all poor people get medical help, which is available to them and which is cheap and affordable. it is a big, you know, big boom for many people in countries like ours. so i look forward to our cheaper chemical. i saw a cheaper medical facilities at a treatment possibilities. yes,

it is going to generate some of the feast it william based. but it is also important to understand that as me progress as a society is and communities in our nations, we will need to find a way to deal with best waste is a big problem. not only many, 3, based on infectious waste, all kinds of bias as a problem. but we cannot have tuition where because medical ah, treatment is cheaper. we will compromise on risk management or just because of it is going to go up. it is going to walk not in very significant way because our, i, it'll go up such to some extent, but we should be able to manage it. i think we are in the stage where we have to know out and be have the technology and only it requires some amount of push and political aptitude to deal with this kind of fist. and how do you think the medical industry compares with other industries in terms of waste generator?

well, one of the primary difference that you have between all kinds of a book, i would say industrial waste, other than houses is industrialist. and this waste, which is from the are from the industry are port are in many ways hazardous. many of his hazardous, i'm not saying that all august is hazardous, but the similarities that bulletin mit hazardous, the biggest difference is that hospital, which is a large part of it or a small aunt on. but the most dangerous part of it is infectious. it is likely to cause infection to another human being ought to other living beings, not as one difference that i can immediately suggest. or in the case of industry raised, you again have a protocol or other kinds of is to managing those based and are so you can recover the lotto face today because we're talking about. so glad you thought to learn how

to clear sub grant car. so a lot of leaves from the industrial sector not only been sector or automobile at the end of his life, can be not brought back into different competence. the hospital least also in multiple ways can be recycled and we used other them doors which we'll have to insulate. that is no call. you cannot do anything beyond that. so you will have to just pull that off in a manner that does not cause any environmental home or human health. so that is the big difference between both bought our hazardous book, have a problem both need to be managed, but a lot of wisdom the industrialized are in a process, ways can be recovered to day. and we'll have to find ways to deal with that. mr. can be brought back that that's what the will thing. but so greg army, in this case also a lot of plastic and glass and method can be brought back and put back into the

process of her supply chain and into material chain materials. those can be put back to that. thank you so much for your time to touch base. take her on as, as more to discuss about the non hazardous waste and impact in the waste management market. after the break, we'll discuss how operating rooms contribute to the huge amount, a medical waste and compare the amount of bio waste generated from plastic surgery versus other surgical procedures. don't go away for this into wake of by called more specifically the island of or 4 and also known as before, of by called. sure to where you can feel something mystical here. a place of traditions and amazing bits of cultures and peoples. but what makes this place so appealing, we're going to speak to some of the most prominent locals of all horn and on cover

some of the secrets. welcome back to the cost of everything. the non hazardous waste segment is expected to account for the largest share of the global medical waste management market. then pager of factor contributing to the segments large market share is the increased surgical procedures globally. globally 310000000 major surgeries are performed each year with 50000000 in the u. s. and 20000000 in europe. the most common surgery performed is a c section as they had become 500 per cent. more common over the last generation. plastic surgery is also on the rise increasing by 55 percent with esthetic surgery and liposuction being the most popular facial plastic surgery treatments is up dramatically. with an estimated 1400000 procedures done in the past year. a 40 percent from the year prior photoshop instagram filters and people spending more

time on zoom and tick tock has distorted people's view of their faces and 79 percent of facial plastic surgeons identify patients seeking procedures for improved appearance on video conferencing or social media. surgeons have cited that we've moved static image filters to a more zoom. this morphia being the major motivator as it continues to impact the way we view ourselves and present to our peers. operating rooms contribute a huge amount of medical waste. the bio waste is then transported to the waste treatment facilities and incinerated. the incineration process alone produces a huge amount of emissions. one kilogram of clinical waste produces roughly 3 kilograms of carbon dioxide. and the single patient hospital bed produces point $87.00 pounds of waste per day, across a $100000.00 hospital beds. that would be over 235000 kilograms,

a seals to produced a day. now for more or less bring in again, citation send her associate director at toxic link in new delhi india. now, so tish, how much does it cost hospitals to get rid of this bio waste and how is it then disposed of in india, the bio medical waste management in the hospital is largely done on the bed restraint. so each bed is a cost to the hospital for biomedical waste generation is concerned and his treatment disorders cancer. so it varies from state to state, from region to region. have been in a country like india. i don't average, i would say that is about servant to eat rubies, but the bucket. so if you had a 100 bid at hospital, you'd be spending about $7.00 to $800.00 indian rubies. and that comes to about

just about $10.00 or dollars. $10.00 to $12.00 per day for the 100 bit hospital. so it goes up. if you go up to 300 for an appointment admitted hospital, it keeps going up. or, you know, it could be in that region for about $7.00 to $10.00 rupees. but a but a bit. so it is calculated and those traps and there are other ways of calculation are low, but roughly, i would say that this is the benchmark for calculation of face of monetary expenditure on risk management. so how much ways can a hospital actually recycle, given the nature of bio waste and risk of contamination is an infectious fees. and i'll be glad if i hear that all the least that the generated from hospital is not infectious is just about 15 to 20 percent of the waste, which is infectious. so if you can segregate your wrist at that point of generation, then you reduce your quantum off infectious face to trish. so this is a point that

b follow quite ah, strictly in india about segregation of pleased at the point of generation. like when i see that non infectious waste, like when you get a newspaper in the hospital or somebody gives you a few hours or you have something else or you get some bring some of you know, food item or something within the hospital or you have somebody has obama, it doesn't become infectious just because it is within the hospital. these are generalise. but what becomes infectious is which is no bandages or are, you know, syringes are, are kind of equipments over your middle r i v tubes. i mean, buttons, they could become infection, so that is a kind of fist that requires a separate kind of protocol for his management. so what is the aunt of hospital risk that can be recycled or it can be processed? i think most of the plastic, wrist and glass waste,

which agenda entered in the hospital. if it is decontaminated through a process, then it can be the cycle. so about, i would say about 20 percent of the wrist is recyclable. if we can decontaminated and reams it and are there countries that lack proper maya waste management protocols and one of the hospitals can't afford to have those protocols and equipment in place. so in, in, in, in, in countries like ours are in the reason you know, the health care system is operating on 2 planes. it is both in the central public, a health, and also the private sector, both public and private sector soccer. him in for cities, most countries are in the public, a public sphere. i think the money is to be put in by the government. it is publican. so money is put in by the governments for everything that includes waste management. also in the private sector where the private sector, though individual a hospital or from audra, sal owners would have to take him from his management. so these are 2 separate

areas from the funding comes to hospitals for chris management also. ah. so it has to be the cost of risk management has to be internalized in the process of treatment or the cost of treatment for what you're providing to patients. but wouldn't bookcases. so unless you have that sufficient amount of funds allocated with these things to waste management, it can become a challenge. and many cases, when we started out initiative and in india, we had a challenge of our having the funds availability for this matter. and because in poor countries of the blood on him is you find that healthcare itself is a issue, is it's a challenge for most comments. so adding additional kind of budgets to providing a safe disposal of treatment to dispose of healthcare, which it becomes an additional to us. but now we'll get out of time was spent reserve understood,

the cost of inaction can be higher than the cost of action. so there were started putting the money on france for safe treatment and disposal of medical based on infectious race. so you'll find a lot of changes happening in the last term. i would say at last decade and a half or more than that. things have improved, much beyond what we there are about 10 to 15 years back. and what will happen if we were to be disposed of improperly? are there countries that do this and give it maybe countries which are here to develop this printables we have yet to develop this infrastructure. so they essentially, in the, my one experience has it essentially set it out along with the normal household garbage or household based has been generated or commercial risk. want to be calling different countries and they try and take it to the landfill and do some segregation. there and burn it in some rigid or that's dangerous from many aspects because of climate change issues and infection to people who are handling this way

. so that can be very vigorous. so there are multiple, you know, impacts at multiple levels to different socio economic kind of groups which exist in any society or people or the law down live around landfill areas. are poor people, most wonderful kinds of people in the society are more impact because of such mismanagement. so, you know, there are impacts to healthcare while goes to have the providers to doctors, to nurses, to patient because they are compromise, they're immunocompromised when they come to the hospital for seeking treatment. and when they're in are in bed, patients were in it with patients with an admitted into the hospital, they are likely to cause a catch mid infections. so these are multiple kinds of impacts that you have because of improper mismatch. thank you so much for coming on satish. while the big

winner of all of this is the waste management industry as they experience increased business and volume from the waste generated. the biggest loser of all of this is the environment. unfortunately, even as ways disposed of properly, whether incinerated or buried, it's still contribute to pollution. as toxic fumes are generated from incineration and landfills can contaminate ground waters. this contaminated groundwater can make their way into river ways and present danger to aquatic wildlife and agricultural irrigation systems. air pollutants generated by incineration size can spread airborne particles that effect. not only those diagnosed with lungs or breathing issues, but all life. and in properly disposed biomedical ways that ends up in landfills has the potential to transfer to stray rodents and birds, which can then spread parasites and infection through animal populations. unfortunately, in low income countries, over 90 percent of waste is mismanaged and is either openly dumped or burned.

so while education and protocol remains an uphill battle for developing nations, we must continue to find new ways to mitigate the accumulation of bio waste. the world health organization and some private research companies have been working hard to find more efficient ways to recycle medical waste. things like we formulating sterilized blue raps for operating room that do not contain lead. in the past, these raps contained lead and was thus difficult to sterilize, so the wraps were one time use and thrown away by removing the lead. the blue raps could then be melted down and reused in manufacturing, a soda bottles and other various plastic items. i'm christy, i thanks for watching. and let's see you back here next time on the cost of everything with

a headlines. it's our yeah, it's another revelation why pulitzer prize winning journalist seymour hersh, as he says, the german trying to kind of just agent who's helping us in baldwin the know sabotaged russia. was that the britons plans to send you really? and the admonition to quinn is a paul to put nuclear armageddon as london out of washington tried to downplay the devastating effects of those who also ahead standing in the middle of a crater.