ammunition, the colonist amputated the hands of not only those who were dead, but also of those who were kept alive. the atrocious exploitation of the congo turned into a real genocide. in only 20 years, the policy of the belgians led to the death of nearly 10000000 people alongside the holocaust. that genocide of the congo population is considered to be one of the grimmest pages in the history of mankind. ah, this is the incomplete by called more specifically, the island of fallen, also known as the heart of by called straight away. you can feel something mystical to your place of you traditions an amazing mix of cultures and peoples, but what makes this place so appealing? we're going to speak to some of the most prominent locals of all horn and uncover some of the seats for

medical waste is actually a huge environmental issue. and what the pandemic personal protective equipment or p p e waste has skyrocketed. i'm 15, you're watching the cost of everything. where today we're going to be examining what happens to all the medical ways generated every year from hospitals, clinics, and now individuals wearing their p p. ah, according to a recent study, the global medical waste management market is projected to beach $16000000000.00 by 2029. medical waste is the waste produced in any health care or diagnostic activity and can be hazardous or non hazardous due to the various contaminants it has come in contact with hospitals, research labs, nursing homes, generate

a high amount of medical waste. and depending on what type of waste it is, if it's infectious ways pathological waste, chemical, waste, sharp objects, pharmaceutical waste, or even radioactive waste, it is all treated differently. hospitals and health care facilities typically generate a lot of ways which can transmit infections, particularly h, i v, b and c, and tetanus to people who handle it or come in contact with it. the key components in waste management includes collection, transportation, storage, treatment, and recycling waste. is the 1st collected in various container sources and you often see different colored or labeled bins for collecting sharp objects. bio hazard waste goes into another bin and downs gloves and masks go and another. this segregation reduces the amount of waste that need special handling and treatment. storage is also important for the segregated waste storage and hospitals is

generally between 12 to 24 hours before it is transported out. and it needs to be clearly labeled to show the ward where it's kept. so if needed, the waste can be traced back to its source. next, waste is transported for treatment, usually accompany by and signed and dated for accountability. special vehicles must be used as to prevent access to and direct contact with the waste by the transportation operators scavengers. and the public drivers must also be trained in the procedure in case there is an accidental spillage. finally, the way it is treated based on its category, the waste must be disposed of by incineration or plasma pyrolysis sanitary landfill, or pit things like scalpels will undergo sterilisation via gamma radiation or autoclave. now both incineration and plasma paralysis produce gas pollutants. and

given all of this hospitals, they're paying a lot for proper waste management. $7000.00 tons of solid waste are generated in the us every day at a cost of $10000000000.00 per year. on average, it cost hospitals to, to $0.06 per pound for solid waste disposable. $0.30 to a $1.25 per pound for bio hazardous and infectious waste. and between $1.00 to $6.00 per pound for hazardous waste. the global medical waste management market experience tremendous pressure during the cold in 1900 pandemic due to the high usage of p p u equipment. there is also a large amount of diagnostic test kits. disinfectants, chemicals, and vaccine niels, all of which produce waste after one time usage. there's a large concern about the hazardous medical waste produced and the risks of contamination associated with waste management. according to the w h l over 10000

tons of extra medical waste has been generated in response to coven 19. over 9000000000 doses of coal vaccine have been administered globally, producing over a 145000 tons of additional medical waste in the form of syringe, needles, and safety boxes. over a 140000000 diagnostic test gets generated over 2600 tons of medical waste. and for more or less bring in such tish sin ha, associate director at toxics link in new delhi, india. so st. hi, thank you so much for joining us from the other part of the world. how much waste is generated from the coven 19 pandemic? globally. it was, i chose off. oh, talent to all of us who were working on these issues. initially, we didn't know what was happening, it was quite overwhelming to see the kind of waste which was being generated

because none of us had any knowledge of this pandemic and what the level of infection and what is that isn't. so there was a shock i'm of a thing and then he was we were trying to find out was, should be the political for this kind of for best. that was one fust. what should go away and how should you deal with it? in multiply metaphor in the initial stages that was in 20, i think 2019 to 20, 20 march or sometime in india, we had the 1st case in january and slowly and gradually started to increase. so that was the 1st thing, but, oh, but the global d dartford is just that it went up almost bible 10 types total to which generation and what the, one of the biggest constituents of this waste was or took last please if you want was frank to you know, they were locked on conditions, the people are staying at home, they want to have everything to be received and sanitized condition. and all the

kind of things that were eating hospitals were also to be sanitized condition. so there was too much of blasting which will exits of amount of plastic which was being used in those days. so that was one 1st foster and then with allies dirty plastic. but there were other kinds of list that had to happen. like you know, p p e face mask face shield gloves are fully be sold, which one up to for materials and different points of time. so all that started to happen a w, h was on bigger. and then there were other things like, you know, i just think it's than a, than your vaccinations, the number of sim inch is that the word used. so if you look at the spread or the quantum off ah hospital and he couldn't. and that were used in those days, is phenomenally large. are this, is that about her 100 for a clear that about, ah,

eat 1000000 tons of fall offer, you know, least one generated grouped. and is there a way to make waste management more efficient and eco friendly or is waste this kind of waste inevitably a by product of the medical industry. it's hard to see that it can get made you go friendly, but yes, there are days of reducing based or treating race and making it more, you know, you can handle it better so that it doesn't go out into the oceans, but it doesn't guard anyway. but the fact remains that you will have infectious waste generation for phosphates. i think is hard to say at least from our experience of working on this that um by your sewing. so you would not have an infectious face cap natural hospital, or they're all be treated at dispos talk within the hospital sentence. perhaps that can be possible. but what experience we bring to the table in developing economies

is that hospital wrist can be matched. it can be reduced and that's what i said. my opening statement was that only about 15 percent of the hospital waste is actually affected. and if i give who figure, oh, it varies from country to country also piece cherish. oh, if you ask me about india, who is generational? but bid is about point 8. kitty's or 800 graphs 7 to 800 wraps on an average from primary healthcare facilities to look at our sri, her can facility it can video, but i'm giving an average data about 7 to 800. that if i go to the data from united states, i would go for data from united, from canada, it goes up to 8 pages per bit faster difference. so ok again, a question comes up is how do you minimize me? so if we can save the gateways at, the point of generation are like we do in our country. we're but for to bon of

separating wrist at the point of childish so much of the plastic, much of the glass that we generate, we decontaminated and we bring it back into the supply chain. again, our plastics be shredded. we make balance of him and we bring it back into plastic receipts. so that is a way to deal with in an environmental e some condition and be decontaminated either chemically or will internal processes . there's an all o brooke, of gods, which have been laid out by that of neutral so, and there are other kinds of other governments also another vi, those such as shoots were given out is put and what do you think the trend is moving forward as surgical enhancements become cheaper and more readily available. he does make dinner was, but is also of you forward for a human kind that you need cheaper medical facilities to for people, especially in countries like almost where there are so many poor people who can get

medical treatment because they can't afford it. so imagine you know, it, all poor people get medical help, which is available to them and which is cheap and affordable. it is a big, you know, big boom for many people in countries like ours. so i look forward to our cheaper chemical assign, cheaper medical facilities and treatment possibilities. yes, it is going to generate some feast it william based. but it is also important to understand that as we progress as a societies and communities in our nations, we will need to find a way to deal with best wishes a big problem, not only medical, wasteful, infectious waste. all kinds of this is a problem, but we cannot have a situation where because medical i treat when did cheaper, we will compromise on risk management or just because of it is going to go up. it

is going to work not in very significant way because our, i, it'll go up such to some extent, but we should be able to manage it. i think we are in the stage where we have to know out and be have the technology and only it requires some amount of push and political aptitude to deal with this kind of fist. and how do you think the medical industry compares with other industries in terms of waste generator? well, one of the primary difference that you have between all kinds of a boat, i would say industrial waste, other than household ms industrial waste. and this waste, which is from the aah from the him industry. our port are in many ways hazardous. many of his hazardous, i'm not saying that all august is hazardous, but the similarities that waterman hazardous, the biggest difference is that hospital, which is a large part of it or

a small on done but the most dangerous part of it is infectious. it is likely to cause infection to another human being ought to other living beings, not as one difference that i can immediately suggest. or in the case of industry raised, you again have a protocol or other kinds of as to managing those beast and are so you can recover the lotto face today because we're talking about. so glad you thought to learn how to clear some great carnegie. so a lot of fleas from the industrial sector not only been sector or automobile at the end of his life, can be not brought back into different confidence. the hospital least also in multiple ways can be recycled and we used other them doors which we'll have to insulate. that is no goal. you cannot do anything beyond that. so you will have to dispose of talking to matter. and it does not cause any environmental all or she

went. and so that is the big difference between both bought or has it does both have a problem both need to be managed, but a lot of ways to the industrialized are process ways can be covered today, and you'll have to find ways to deal with that. mr. can be brought back, that's what the will thing you want. so click on in this case. also a lot of plastic and glass and metric can't be brought back and put back into the process of supply chain and into my tv. the chamber toodle can be put back to back . thank you so much for your time. the test by stick around as there's more to discuss about the non hazardous waste and its impact in the waste management market . after the break, we'll discuss how operating rooms contribute to the huge amount, a medical waste and compare the amount of bio waste generated from plastic surgery versus other surgical procedures. don't go away.

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back to the cost of everything. the non hazardous waste segment is expected to account for the largest share of the global medical waste management market. then pager, a factor contributing to the segments. large market share is the increased surgical procedures globally. globally 310000000 major surgeries are performed each year with 50000000 in the u. s. and 20000000 in europe. the most common surgery performed is a c section as they have become 500 percent more common over the last generation. plastic surgery is also on the rise increasing by 55 percent with esthetic surgery and liposuction being the most popular facial plastic surgery treatments is up dramatically. with an estimated 1400000 procedures done in the past year. a 40 percent from the year prior photoshop instagram filters and people spending more

time on zoom and tick tock has distorted people's view of their faces and 79 percent of facial plastic surgeons identify patients seeking procedures for improved appearance on video conferencing or social media. surgeons have cited that we've moved static image filters to a more zoom. this morphia being the major motivator as it continues to impact the way we view ourselves and present to our peers. operating rooms contribute a huge amount of medical waste. the bio waste is then transported to the waste treatment facilities and incinerated. the incineration process alone produces a huge amount of emissions. one kilogram of clinical ways produces roughly 3 kilograms of carbon dioxide. and the single patient hospital bed produces point $87.00 pounds of waste per day, across a $100000.00 hospital beds. that would be over 235000 kilograms, a seals to produced a day. now for more or less bring in against kish,

sent her associate director at toxic link in new delhi india. now so tell me, how much does it cost hospitals to get rid of this bio waste and how is it then disposed of in india, the bio medical waste management in a hospital is largely done on the bed restraint. so each bed is a cost to the hospital for biomedical waste generation is concerned and his treatment disorders cancer. so it varies from a state to state, from region to region have been in the country like india. i don't average. i say that is about servant to each of these but the but it, so if you had a 100 bit it hospital, you'd be spending about $7.00 to $800.00 indian rubies. and that comes to about just about $10.00 or gonzalez trying to do a dollars booty for

a 100 bit hospital. so it goes up people up to 300 for under a 5 and admitted hospital. it keeps going up. or, you know, it could be in that region for about $7.00 to $10.00 rupees, but it, but a bit. so it is calculated and those traps and there are other ways of calculation are low. but roughly, i would say that this is the benchmark for calculation of face of monetary expenditure on risk management. so how much waste can a hospital actually recycle, given the nature of bio waste and risk of contamination? is an infectious raised. and i live to clarify here that all the least that the generated from hospital is not infectious is just about 15 to 20 percent of the waste, which is infectious. so if you can segregate your wrist at that point of generation, then you reduce your quantum off infectious face to trish. so this is a point that b follow quite are strictly in india,

about segregation appraised at the point of generation. like when i see that non infectious reason, like when you get a newspaper in the hospital or somebody gives you a few hours or you have something else or you get some bring some of you know, food item or something within the hospital or you have somebody as above or it doesn't become infectious just because it is within the hospital. these are gender race. but what becomes infectious is which is no bandages or are, you know, storage is are, are kind of coupons because you're moving or ivy jubes ivy buttons. they could become infectious, so that is a kind of fish that requires a separate kind of protocol for its management. so what is the quantity of hospital risk that can be recycled or it can be processed? i think most of the plastic waste and glass waste which agenda entered in the hospital. if it is decontaminated through a process,

then it can be the cycle so about, i would say about 20 percent of the wrist is recyclable. if we can decontaminated and leaves it and i, there are countries that lack proper maya waste management protocols. and one of the hospitals can't afford to have those protocols and equipment in place. so in, in, in, in, in countries like ours are in the regional, you know, the health care system is operating on 2 planes. it is both in the central public, a health and also in the private sector, both public and private sector soccer. him in facilities, most countries are in the public a public sphere. i think the money is to be put in by the government. it is public . and so money is put in by the governments for everything that includes risk management. also in the private sector where the private sector, though individual a hospital of from audra, sal, orders, will have to take him from his management. so these are 2 separate areas from the

funding comes to hospitals for his management also. ah. so it has to be the cost of his management has to be internalized in the process of treatment or the cost of treatment for what you're providing to patients. book wouldn't bookcases. so unless you have that sufficient amount of funds allocated with these things to waste management, it can become a challenge. and many cases when we started out initiative and in india, we had a challenge of our having the funds availability for this matter. and because in poorer countries are dom blood economies, you find that healthcare itself is her issue is, is a challenge for most comments. so adding additional kind of budgets to providing a safe disposal of treatment to dispose of healthcare risk. it becomes an additional cost, but now we'll, we'll get her time was spent. reserve understood the cost offer in action can be higher than the cost of action. so there were started putting money or france for

safe treatment and disposal look medical based on infectious race. so you'll find a lot of changes happening in the last term, i would say last decade and a half or more than that. things have improved much beyond what we there are about dental genius back. and what would happen if ways were to be disposed of improperly? are there countries that do this and given many countries which are here to develop this bridge, cause we have yet to have looked this infrastructure. so they essentially look my own experience. has it there sensually, set it out along with the normal household garbage or household waste has been generated or commercial risk. want to be gone in different countries and they try and take it to the landfill and do some segregation and burden it in some rigid that's dangerous from many aspects because of climate change issues, ad infection to people who are handling this way. so that can be very,

very vigorous. so there are multiple, you know, impacts at multiple levels to different socioeconomic kind of groups which exist in any society or people at the lower down live around landfill areas. are poor people, most wonderful kinds of people in the society are more impact because of such mismanagement. so, you know, there are impacts to healthcare will goes to have the providers to doctors, to nurses, to patients instead because they are compromise their immunocompromised when they come to the hospital for seeking treatment. and when they're in are in bed. patients were in there, it with patients with admitted into the hospital. they are likely to cause a catch medi infections. so these are multiple kinds of impacts that you have because of improperly scratched. thank you so much for coming on satish. while the big winner of all of this is the waste management industry, as they experience increased business and volume from the ways generated,

the biggest loser of all of this is the environment. unfortunately, even as waste is supposed of properly whether incinerated or buried, it's still contribute to pollution. as toxic fumes are generated from incineration and landfills can contaminate ground waters. this contaminated groundwater can make their way into river ways and present danger to aquatic wildlife and agricultural irrigation systems. air pollutants generated by incineration size can spread airborne particles that effect. not only those diagnosed with lungs or breathing issues, but all life. and in properly disposed biomedical ways that ends up in landfills has the potential to transfer to stray rodents and birds, which can then spread parasites and infection through animal populations. unfortunately, in low income countries, over 90 percent of waste is mismanaged and is either openly dumped or burned.

so while education and protocol remains an uphill battle for developing nations, we must continue to find new ways to mitigate the accumulation of bio waste. the world health organization and some private research companies have been working hard to find more efficient ways to recycle medical waste. things like we formulating sterilized blue raps for operating rooms that do not contain lead. in the past, these raps contained lead and was thus difficult to sterilize, so the wraps were one time use and thrown away by removing the lead, the blue raps could then be melted down and we used a manufacturer of soda bottles and other various plastic items. i'm christy, i. thanks for watching on. let's see a back here next time on the cost of everything. mm hm.

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