which is where you leave the social group. and then the next part is d. radicalization where the belief system audiology i relived it was very impactful when someone finally came along with no fear, no judgement heard my story did nothing to challenge it. validate ah, the world now stands any record 8000000000 people that it a 1000000000 people requiring a food, natural resources and energy. however, the population boom is not coming from the most fluent countries, rather in those regions, all ready struggling for adequate provisions that driving the growth on this edition of 360 of you, we're going to look at what this could mean for the geopolitical landscape in the future, let's get started. ah,

thank you for doing this. you know, every day, 227000 people on average are added to this planet. now the population continues to grow. sort of the demand for food, natural resources, and energy. but while some might worry, civilization is on the brink of over crowding and starvation. the world today looks nothing like the population apocalypse doomsday years have been warning about for decades. and this doesn't mean and there is and challenges which will need to be addressed. ultimately will the more developed countries who is a trend is to be below the replacement level, be responsible for those countries who continue to produce a surplus of babies. and it does just the number of citizens in a country granted more power, or does it matter the quality of life of the population? now, one of the most important trends and understanding global development is called a demographic transition. and this is where well,

societies tend to give women more opportunities outside the home, thus making the average family size smaller. now, most in fact are below the replacement level, which means a set of parents has fewer than 2 children. this causes the population to shrink over time. now this is true in countries like japan, south korea, the e u in the united states. africa however, seems to be going in the opposite direction. the subsaharan region had the world's highest average fertility rate at $4.00 with a niger topic list at $6.00 children poor women, followed by somalia at 6 congo. molly and chad, each having fertility rates of over 5. in fact, according to you and projections, the number of africans will double by 2050, and make up a quarter of the world's population. now the availability of family planning, including access to contraception and abortion, as well as a government population planning initiative also can help keep a certain population limited. but even with all of these in place,

the global population will continue to grow. hence why planning and development is necessary all in order to prepare for a growing population. to discuss the population boom, we are now joined by john wilmot, who is the u. n. director of a population division. thank you so much for joining me, john. on this happy to be here. so what are the main population concerns of the un is grappling with at the moment? well, it concerns we track the growth and the change of the global population. i think you expressed it well, but it's there. the view of this is a doomsday scenario because of humor. overpopulation as is perhaps, has been exaggerated and we focus more as much on the opportunities of a larger population as we do on the, on the challenges. so, you know, we're, we're trying to see what's going on. i think an important point to keep in mind, just reflect on what you were just pointing out. it's true that most of the growth

currently is happening in countries of the global south particular in sub saharan africa. and that will continue over the next few decades. but they are going through a process of demographic transition that's very similar to what has happened in other parts of the world. the growth rates are going to continue slowing down worldwide. and that's also true in africa. we expect that the fragility rate will continue to come down in those african countries that you mentioned. they may be a 5 or 6 berths per woman. now they used to be at 7 or 8, you know, so the numbers have been coming down and we expect that that will continue and the growth will continue to slow down globally and in different parts of the world. ok, so then i'm going to ask you to put on your predicting had, i'm sure you look at statistics and numbers all day long, what do you expect the world population to basically look like? let's even do a short term by 2050, which will still be in and hopefully in high lifetime, but 212100 itself. what are we expecting the world to look different and it will be different from what we're seeing now. well, it will be

a larger world and it will be an older world. i mean, this is the key thing to keep in mind. this process of demographic transition towards longer lives. in smaller families, it brings 2 major changes. one is growth because the death rate tends to fall before the birth rate in our society is figure out how to keep people living longer, saving children from premature death and so forth. and that, that's what causes the growth is the decline of the death rate. eventually then societies figure out, well we don't need to have as many children in that situation in order to keep in or just replace that generation to generation. and so the birth rate comes down as well. and in that so, but in between those 2 changes, there is a period of growth. and so for the european countries in north america, the richer countries of the world, this happened 100 years ago that we were in this period of growth, are really coming to an end of that period of rapid growth for asia and latin america. it happened much during the latter half of the 20th century for africa

still going on and we'll continue through the next few decades. so there's a period of growth. and then at the end of the demographic transition, there is a much older population because people live longer and we have fewer births relative to the rest of the numbers of population. and so therefore they're more and more people that older age, the fewer a younger age. so the planning that needs to take place is to anticipate the further increasing the size of the human population. but also to anticipate that we will continue to have an older and older population in all countries of the world. this is not just limited to the wealthier countries, the same transition is taking place in poor countries as well as they develop economically and socially i. it's all part of that process of economic and social development. what's interesting, you bring that up to you, right? we talk about age, but i do look at these concerns and are you finding, are you a little bit more concerned about the populations of developed countries and the more developed world versus those that are less,

are you seeing any difference or is it the same standards being applied or you're seeing in trends in both countries, but we're seeing very similar trends in the sense that, you know, throughout the world and there's been the increase of human life expectancy that's, you know, the technologies that have made possible and the economic changes that have made that possible, you know, the increase of the food supply, the better nutrition. that's the really a global phenomenon that, that it has had, have the same impact worldwide in terms of raising life expectancy. but some countries are much farther ahead in that process. and so much further behind. likewise, all of the incentives around having children, you know, populations were education as highly valued and where women have opportunities outside the home. those are populations that have smaller families. as you mentioned in that situation, people do not have the same incentives to have large families, as long as they have access to the means of controlling for germany. they, they tend to lower the number of births over

a lifetime. and that brings down brings, you know, continues to change, the demographic transition that we're talking about there. are we more concerned about the situation in the developing countries or in the more developed world? i would say it's a different set of concerns. rapid growth continues, the places where rapid growth continues today are mostly the poorest countries in the world. those that have multiple challenges to their economic and social development. and we believe that the rapid growth that's occurring there is an additional challenge that makes it even more difficult to kind of escape poverty and escape some of the difficult situations that those countries are in. so you know, for example, if you're trying to improve the education of all of your children, you'd like to focus on the quality, improving the quality of the education that's given to each individual child. but if you constantly have to deal with having 2 or 3 percent growth in the number of school children every year, then you know that there is

a tradeoff between these 2 things. expanding the coverage of the education system and expanding the number are students that can be accommodated and be educated, and then the quality of the education that each child receives. so far we've seen that when society is lower, their fertility when smaller families are the norm, become the norm. there's more money and time available to invest in the younger generation and improving the quality of their education quality, their health care, and their ability to contribute as adults to the society. so that's one side of concerns with, you know, rapid growth in poorer countries. but then there's another concern about rapid growth globally in terms of the impact that it's having on the global environment, the release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the effects of bedtime having on the climate. and that becomes really a global issue. and you shouldn't just look at population growth at that point. you also have to look at the growth of consumption. and it's in the long term. really, it's the growth of consumption that drives the increased emissions of greenhouse

gas is more than the increase of the human population. the, the population contributes as well. but it's really more of the increase in wealth . the increase in income per person that has driven the disease, changing global environmental trends are driven more by that then by the increase of the human population, the break we're going to discuss what the future looks like according to current population. ah, i i ah, ah, ah, ah,

ah, ah, ah ah, but they really are not going to go. we use and i made a gift salem, but ideally, chaslek knowledge was focal, more of neat and clean. so key ikea, i'm of course, of course, the fitting the, the, the fee for me from all to you. all, i don't know when years i was children, letting connecticut for this whole, you can throw this up here, but i keep calling you, i just want to get a proposal. my bill now the key for david perez watson is indeed

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the the news. oh, well, get back, we're rejoined by john wilmot, who is the you in director population division. what do you say to those who believe advocating for abortion? birth control are moral and physical methods of dealing with over population. when those factor in to the equation. well, abortion is a method of birth control is not considered a method of contraception. i mean, it does control the robot births, but it's, i think we have to distinguish between contraceptives and, and abortion because i think the moral issues that are involved are somewhat different from people. so the un, we talk about ensuring that people have access to modern contraceptives. and safe abortion where it is so i don't really want to get into that issue that the choice

is made by different countries based on their historical context and so forth. where abortion is legal. we want people to have access to safe abortion where we throughout the world, we think people should have access to the modern contraceptives which make it possible to control these biological processes that, that people often want to have control over. absolutely, i can understand it. obviously in your darting through a very tricky situation is different countries. obviously religion plays a bigger role in some countries and other but moving on, you know, many can believe that we can support a much higher level population than we currently have globally if resources were more distributive fairly. do you agree with this? do you think that the role as a whole should help cover those that might not be able to that are limited in their resources? well, i think there's no doubt that the world can support a larger population. it is, it is possible to grow more food. it is possible to find further, you know,

additional energy sources. it's not, you know, we've, people have often talked about the limits to growth is though it was just possible for the human population to reach a certain size. and every time somebody put forward such a limit and said what we cannot go about such a limit. but the global population that exceeded that some years later, you know, it's, it's not clear that there is a limit in terms of the number of people who could be alive on the earth at any one point in time. the challenge comes not so much from the, the inputs to our consumption. in other words, you know, the, the ability to grow or grow food, the ability to kind of find energy sources that will support that growth. all of that is possible. but it seems that the more serious issues relate to the after effects of human consumption. that's to say the pollution that we produce, including in particular, the greenhouse gases they're admitted into the atmosphere and which are driving climate change with really,

very important consequences that i think all of us should be concerned about. what effect did the global pandemic have on your projections and all your numbers there at the u. n. do you kind of already factor in something like that happening at time? or was this something that made you all have to adjust your prediction to where your numbers were moving forward across. and it wasn't just something that hit one country, almost every country was affected. well, we can't minimize the significance, right? and i make it's, it's the 1st time that global life expectancy has declined for over 50 years. the panoramic was really, really very significant in that we estimate the life expectancy at birth locally fell by 1.8 years between 20192021. and that's really quite significant, nothing like that has happened in over 50 years. on the other hand, if you think of it in terms of the long term population trends that we're looking

at, you know, the world has been growing by around $80000000.00 people per year, roughly. i mean above and below that number for the last 50 years, roughly it's, it's been kind of almost constant at that level, adding around $80000000.00 people per year. the w h o 's estimates of the number of people who have died. the excess mortality associated with koby 19 are roughly on the order of 15000000 in 20202021. so, you know, it's not a scale that even though that's a huge number of deaths, there's no, no, no, no reason to minimize that. but it's not something that really affects the long term trends of the human population. it's, it's a blip in the long term population trends for the world. it's, it's, it's probably not. it doesn't fundamentally change what we expect for the future decades. it did have an impact in those 2 years that was quite significant and continues to have an impact in some parts of the world. but it doesn't

fundamentally change our understanding or our expectations for the global population trends over the next few decades. well, let's talk about those global population trends. do you think we're in peril? let's say in the next 100 years, this global population doubles and is there an optimal population to have now and in the future? so the human population has doubled roughly in the last 50 years. we reached 8000000000 last month. we reached 4000000000 in 1974. so that's almost 5 decades. right. over that time period we added in an additional 1000000000 people every 12 years, on average as we move forward, we don't think that will happen again. we don't think the human population will doubled in size again. we don't think we'll ever get anything like 16000000 people . we expect that next 1000000000 going from 8 to 9 will take a little bit longer, more like 15 years because the growth rate is coming down. the growth is slowing

down as i, as i mentioned earlier, growth is slowing down. the next 1000000000 will take at least 15 years to add the next 1000000000 we produce project more than 2 decades will take. and then beyond that, we don't think that the global population will, will reach 11000000000, or they get close to 11000000, but it probably won't go much beyond that. so we don't expect another doubling of the human population to the extent that human population growth is a major problem. it's a problem that's in the process of being solved in the sense that birth rates are coming down. the fertility rate is coming down all over the world. wrote the slowing down. we've seen the growth rate back in the 1960 s was just over to percent per year for the world as a whole. last year or, and started in 2020. the growth rate it spelled below one percent for the 1st time in that time. since since that since the 1950s really fell below one percent for the 1st time since that. so and it's continuing to go down and we expect that will

continue. and by the 20 eighty's sometime in that decade, the growth rate globally may reach 0 and may even go negative so that the park and global population starts to decrease somewhat. so you know, this is the process that is fairly well mapped out in terms of how it works is demographic transition is something that is fairly well understood. and we've seen that happening and so many different populations. in fact, we see it happening all across the world. and so we can be fairly confident that the growth of the human population slowing down and will come to an end probably before the end of the century. you know, but it's interesting to say that because it's all based on basically people having children, it reminds me of kind of like when you have water going down, sand is if you go on and create the divots, it's going to go into the water. goes with it, is that what we're, is that kind of what we're doing is we're old and is you're looking at your numbers or recreating the path of it decreasing or is this just water is going to get to another source of water resar can it's just naturally happening and basically you

kinda have to be along for the ride. can we actually compel civilizations to have children or dis, incentivize them you know, it's is pass, go to influence those things to some degree on the government. the government sort of tried to do that have, have often found a challenge. people don't necessarily go with what the government wants them to do . big surprise, right? but for example, you know, some countries that have very high levels of fertility have tried to encourage people to have smaller families. they've had various information in educational campaigns and they provide access to contraceptives. some of them have engaged in coercive measures to discourage birth, and those have some impact, at least for a period of time. but you know, it's not easy for governments to influence how many babies people have. at the other extreme, there have been governments that have been concerned that the birth rate was too

low. they wanted to raise the fertility rate. they want to encourage more children, and they create various incentives. they provide bonuses for people at the time of the birth of the baby. they provide subsidized child care. they provide internal and maternal leave obligations for employers. and all of these can have some impacts, but it's not a silver bullet. it doesn't just automatically solve the problem. and the things that matter most in those situations seem to be the ones that are more long term, you know, not just a bonus. you know, not just a $1000.00 because you've had a 3rd child. but rather, you know, a government subsidized program of child care to really make it possible for people to blend work and family and balance those 2 things in their lives. that's really the issue i think that we're facing. we're now in a situation where 2 thirds of the world's population lives in a country or area where the number of births per woman over lifetime has fallen

below 2.12.12 point one births over the lifetime of the woman. that is what we call the replacement level, that's the level of it which each generation replaces itself with children. it's 2 to children to replace the mother and the father, and another additional amount, mostly related to mortality among children and, and women. before they finish the reproductive lifespan. so, but 2 thirds of the world's population is now below that threshold of $2.00, birds per woman. and so really, that's the situation that we're in for most of the world's population. and the question becomes, do governments want to incentivize people to have more children? and i'm say there, there are ways to do that. there are ways to encourage it, but it all really comes back to me. how do you make, why, how do you make a balanced life that involves work and family bringing children in the world, but also having a life outside the home, not only for men, but also for women,

obviously. and making that possible and creating systems that, that really kind of allow people to live the life that they want to live and to have the number of children we find when we do surveys in population. very low levels of fertility. we find that people want to have more babies in their, in their having and, you know, how do we, how do we make that possible that that's important. thank you. to a john, a woman who is the un director population division. the idea of population growth is potentially exponential, while the growth of a food supply or other resources is linear, which eventually reduces the standard to the point of triggering a population and die off. that's all called now to see them. now the event could be a natural disaster, a famine war, or even a thickness. regardless, it would have to be catastrophic and effect more just one country's population. this is a theory created 1778,

but through the years has been held onto by many of the global delete and often discussed a global forms like the annual world economic form. and i find it interesting that is mainly those of the top tier of society and government who believe in controlling the population. and this idea that we can over populate the world. views of a fear to motivate change should always be a red flag, especially if you are someone who believes in personal responsibility and freedom. rarely do we see these people voluntarily rationing their own or sacrificing their luxuries. rather, it is a you and i, who are supposed to consume your resources. now, at the same time, countries, whether by choice or by government, which impose rules to moderate their growth, having to be responsible for those countries who don't always see doesn't seem fair . and this would almost create a global welfare state, which would be impossible to accountability with an endless drain on all resources

. it would make the responsible work hard to cover those with less diligence. this would only create animosity and widen the gap between the provider and the provided population growth isn't about the general population of everyday workers. rather, it's about those who hold the power over the population itself. the larger the population, the harder for a smaller elite group to be able to control. and the earth surface covers 196900000 miles. and scientists can only guess how many living beings the earth can hold. it's just an estimate, a guess. the constraints of the earth are not fixed as she continues to develop and adapt and waves scientists were unable to predict in the past and definitely can't do it now. so scientists, politician and the people might have all of these theories on what the future might hold. but one thing which is non debatable is it's definitely not a small world. after all, i'm going to miss been your 360 view of the news affecting you to watch

the news. mm. blue. ah. in 1834 france invaded algeria, and straight away the french started inhabiting it to strengthen their position. the colonists, known as p a no ours took the best land from day one, the local population was put into an unequal position and was brutally exploited. this caused mass discontent. the people of algeria began their long term fight for independence. in 1954, the banner of freedom was raised by the national liberation front. a guerrilla war against the occupants broke out. the french tried to suppress to rebellion using

cruel measures. full villages were wiped out acts of georgia and executions of civil people, including pregnant women, children and old people took place more than 2000000 people were put into concentration camps. however, these punitive measures didn't help the algerian patriots managed to induce france to start these negotiations. in 1962 evian records were signed, voting algeria in the past, towards independence. but this was achieved at a colossal price. algeria by rights is considered to be a country of martyrs. according to the calculations of historians, the french colonists are responsible for the deaths of one and a half 1000000 algerians. in i'm exemptions and i'm here to play with you whatever you do

not watch. michelle furshly, why watch something that's so my little opinions that you won't get anywhere else. welcome it pleases you to have the state department, the cia weapons makers, multi $1000000000.00 corporations. choose your facts for you. go ahead. i change and whatever you do. don't watch my show stay mainstream because i'm probably going to make you uncomfortable. my show is called direct impact, but again, you probably don't want to watch it because it might just change. and the main thing for this is the ancient lake and by called more specifically the island of fall and also known as the heart of by called straight away. you can feel something mystical here, a place of you traditions an amazing mix of cultures and peoples. but what makes this place so appealing, we're going to speak to some of the most prominent locals of all phone. can uncover

some of the secrets with i guess bills on the street says over 1000000 protestors against nationwide pension reformed clash with police. the cross bronze, as the french president defend his controversial bill, us turns a blind eye to china's warning not to cross. it's red lines, pledging further weapon deliveries to taiwan. functions on iran have failed to achieve their intended the goals according to the us treasury secretary, the u. s. promise has to be false restrictions.