oh no one, no sir. no, no, admiral was opening up a door more shrill than what they should of unit 731 was a unique organization in the history of the world. what they were trying to do was to simply do nothing short and build the most powerful and most deadly biological weapons program that the world had every now and you know, to production it, it gives you or shoot. good. a good, good, good, good on you, son, new rochelle. he one more mom can room wants to deal with. i understood. i wish to know about joy. oh,

new. i know you didn't offer more or less than a jr. let's i had to put the code and whether or not, but if you could, you could help us out. oh boy, good to go on. what the on this well, she my and new other all i can send more a month or put them out that they give me a welcome back to the cost of everything. now on the other side of the camp, you have those who believe that over population is a myth. and not only that, but they believe that a population collapse is a more likely event than over population of the planet. in the last few decades, there have been a dramatic decline in global birth rates with many developed economy, seen their birth rates falling low. the replacement ratio,

italy in japan's population, is expected to fall dramatically and will set an example for the rest of the world . as to what will happen to economies when the population decline so drastically. this will have major impacts on society, the economy, tax revenues, and most importantly, available young workers. this will create a rising share of people over the age of 65. now back in 1960, there were 6 people working for every retired person. in 2021, there will be 3 for every one. by 2035, there will be 2 working people for every retired person. this will have profound implications for health care, government spending and tax revenues. governments will need to spend more on pensions and health care, but at the same time, there will be fewer young people to pay income taxes. this will cause the

government to go further into debt and may require higher taxes on a shrinking workforce. there will also be less innovation, as young people are more likely to be entre printer than innovators to develop new technologies and businesses. this potential brain pool will be less giving relatively fewer ideas for improving living standards. now it's a key concept in economics. the more people you have, the more goods and services they can produce and the more they can consume. so population growth is the best friend of economic growth. that is how many developed countries partly achieved their wealth. globally, the average number of births per woman is now $2.00, which is a little more than the replacement level of $2.00 for population to stay the same. and since the 1900 ninety's fertility rates have begun to plummet rapidly over the world. today, $65.00 countries and territories now have fertility rates that are below that of

the replacement level, including 40 of the $42.00 countries in territories in europe. now let's bring back dr. heather albert lecture of global sustainable development, and not a ham trying to university. now, as the population rose, it needs more resources, things like food, energy, goods. so can earth and the environment support all of this growth sustainably as wildlife is being eroded? i mean, yes. so going back to sort of point to that earlier. so there are a lot of things that we can do to minimize the impact of the kind of in terms of the current numbers that we have now. so that again, addressing was radical apologies, redistribution policies that redirect funds towards people who are struggling, who need to feed their families and to survive, to give them a chance that they don't have to burn coal to heat their homes, you know, and give them another option. for, you know, help them support them so they don't have to cut down old growth trees and forest that then hurt bio diversity. so these things have knock on effects. also,

how we eat agriculture and industrial agriculture, animal agriculture, the amount of water and land that are, is used to raise cattle to then ship it to western europe and to china. for instance, if we sort of address these things, we could free up a significant amount of space in terms of plan and resources as well as reduce our, our corporate global carbon footprint. now it's interesting that people fear uninhabitable lands from climate change, but if that were really the case, why colonized mars because that land is also uninhabitable. so really is all land on earth, technically then habitable once we adapt the landscape to suit our needs. yeah, i mean that's the whole oh yeah, the new, the new builder space race attempting to colonize the moon and other planets for resource as well as to search or tara form them to make them habitable for human habitation. i mean, we're always worried about that is they, it's, it's number one it's, it's assuming that that, that the earth is done,

or that there is the environmental problems that we have right now are too severe to mitigate which is not true. and again, you know, there is, there is so much still that can be mitigated and, and preserved. and, and, and there is, there's plenty of scope for this. and, and also the kind of in terms of who gets to escape the earth and go to other places. and, and it's usually, i mean, if you look at the price of the average ticket, and when his rocket launches it's, it's an inaccessible to most people. so it's a very kind of a leads, a game that they're playing and add to that the fact that every single rocket launch amidst the equivalent of the c o 2 equivalent of what a 20 americans a bit in an entire year. and it's, it's a, you're feeling the problem. bye bye. yeah. i, i that, that kind of approach really worries me out because it's not too late and we know what we have to do when it's not easy. but again, addressing these fundamental and historical and structured qualities would really help scale back a lot of the damage and taking the mess elsewhere doesn't fix that problem. it

seems that population growth is already flowing down naturally without any intervention. so what do you think is contributing to this? i'm a number of factors. i mean this, this one thing called the demographers called the demographic transition or so typically, especially around or reducing gender to qualities. and the social factors like m would, women, would women get educated friends, they have access education, they're reducing equality socially and in terms of gender. and we've seen that, you know, women, frances, had happy kids or, uh, people tend to marry later on. so it's tied to economic and social factors and cultural factors and, and especially around around reducing gender inequalities. we have declining population growth and many territories already. so how do we keep the global economy healthy, if they're far more order retired people than younger working people? i mean, yeah, so the population is sort of, sa, demographic crashes and population. so in, in a lot of, and i know in china they've been recently completely reversed their,

their natal is policy, so they have the one child policy now they're trying to encourage breasts because they have a rapidly declining birth rate. i mean, we're going to have, you know, with climate of the climate crisis gets worse. we're going to have, i'm in terms of migration loads of people on the move loads of people moving around the world, hundreds of millions of people in search of new, habitable places. so this is gonna, i think, make us have to question our notions of citizenship in the nation state and we're boundaries lie because there was plenty of, you know, there's plenty of talent. there are plenty of people around young people around, but it's, it's, again, it's, you know, if it's, yeah, it's kind of these, these populations are kind of held elsewhere. and i, if so, she countries in europe, western europe, that especially when you have the narrative around reducing migration, this will help the problem, you know, so it's, ah, if you know, keeping that population roughly stable would be, would be ideal. but then thank you so much heather, for variance i for explanation. now when we talk about population, it is usually aimed at developing countries in africa, asia, and latin america,

which are the biggest losers as they're the ones most often blamed for over population. so when the subject of population control is broached, it becomes deeply racist. and while it is true that human life requires resources and needs to consume food and energy, the consumption of these resources and the impact of this consumption is not evenly distributed. the world's richest half 1000000000 people, which is only 6.5 percent of the population are responsible for 50 percent of the world's carbon dioxide emissions. meanwhile, the communities that do the least damage to our climate, most of whom are in the global south, bear the brunt of the impact of climate crisis. so perhaps the question we should be answering is, how can we sustainably meet the needs of the people we have and planned for a better future? rather than trying to increase or decrease the number of people we need to focus on

building a planet that enables everyone to live their lives freely and sustainably. i'm christy. i thanks for watching and we'll see you back here next time on the cost of everything. ah ah, children at st in residential school suffered nightmarish levels of abuse, torture and child rate. and yet the office of the attorney general suppressed thousands of pages of police and evidence that identified those perpetrators in the school. i was electrocuted twice. i was only 7 years old 1st too high for me. so for me to put me in the chair by the law warriors to run over here to abuse somebody and run her and she kept solution with

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