ah, plastic is probably one of the most convenient inventions and the perfect material . it is valuable resistance and economical. it is the most popular cost effective and a bonded material today. solving many design problems and logistical problems from construction to packaging, allowing the industry to grow over 10 fold in the last 10 years. but what is the true cost of plastics in the long term, plastic generates more greenhouse gases than the entire amount of annual emissions . from the aviation and shipping industries combined, i'm christiane, you're watching the cost of everything. where today we're going to be looking at this very common household item and seeing if it really is the perfect product. ah,

plastics actually derive from natural organic material such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt, and of course, crude oil. crude oil is process before it can be used, distilling it at a refinery. and this separates the crude into hydrocarbon chains. and one of these chains is a compound called nafta, which is a crucial compound for the production of plastics. then there are 2 main processes used to produce different types of plastics, polymers, ation and poly, condensation. they both require specific catalyst to link polymer chains together. and each polymer has its own properties and can vary and physical structure, size, flexibility. and depending on what types of basic monomers are used from these reactions, you can then create thermal plastics which are your flexible plastics that distort when heated or your thermal sets, which are hard plastic that will not soften once they have been molded. so

depending on the type of plastic your manufacturing a key low, a virgin raw material costs mer pennies. that is why manufacturers packaging companies and every industry use it and why consumers devour it because it is literally dirt cheap. plastic bottles are produced everywhere in the world, but the cost of producing them varies dramatically due to the differences and raw material costs and energy prices. because the shell gas boom, the america as well as the middle east, is more cost effective given the access to crude. meanwhile, asia and europe must rely on more expensive nafta. because of this, the middle east and the u. s. are to the cheapest countries where plastic is produced at around $0.02 per unit bottle. china is next given the very cheap labor and the cheaper fuel averaging out at around $0.03 a bottle. and this is followed by the european union and japan at 3.3 cents and

3.6 cents respectively. currently recycling plastic is actually more expensive than making new plastic, which means that companies have very little incentive to dig through the landfill for old material. so the plastic that we discard every day is probably going to end up in the landfills where it may take up to a 1000 years to decompose, potentially leeching, toxic substances into the soil and water. germany, researchers are warning that the impact of miko plastics in soil sediment and fresh water could have long term negative impacts on the ecosystem. and the study estimates that one 3rd of all plastic waste ends up in soils or fresh water and ends up entering the food chain. and because plastic takes so long to break down, they never really actually disappear. almost every piece of plastic ever made,

which is about 8300000000 tons still exist in one form or another today. so now let's bring in. so tish sin ha, associate director at toxics links. set tish, is there any replacement for plastics? something that is so durable and malleable, but at the same time cheap to produce. thus a tough question to answer about replacement of plastic. oh, plastic by virtue of is properties is perhaps the most wander material that we know today is hard to replace plastic as it goes. but yes sir, we will have to find ways to deal with blasting. it will have to find d. o some of the impacts of plastic that is causing an environment and on this planet to such. so to answer the question simply there is no

direct replacement for the current plastic that we had. but certainly there are ways to deal with it. is plastic really bad, dangerous? i mean, how prevalent are these micro plastics and what harm do they cause? well, plastic is a substance which in his complete life cycle increased and he plastic. and the more information that we get you had on here with new research, new findings, we are realizing that plastic has a lot of downside to it. there are no impact. so plastic, for the reason that plastic is now considered it not considered as a emerge material for the reason that right from the point or source of his traction of the wrong material to his final disposal all along the life cycle of plastic. there are huge amounts of chemicals which are used in this lime sacon,

whichever leaves during the lime st. men or daily life, some of which i can mention to you as personal care products like fis scrub. today's shampoo, all this things have certain amounts of micro plastics added to it for the kind of ah, ah, properties that is provided to the plastic and for the purpose that you're using it to. so these are known as primary macro blast. if there were small fragments, essentially to read the definition of micro blast by size is in any plastic particle which is less than 5 m. m is sponsored as micro blasting. and there is a 2nd category of micro plastic which is secondary micro blasters or which happens because, or breakdown of large amounts of plastic that is there. okay. so, so these are 2 kinds of micro plastics. and the problem with micro plastic is that the inherently canteen,

the chemicals that that were little plastic had because of the breakdown. it does not move away from the plastics and that contains it. and when it reaches the soil, or water, or marine or any other media, it releases many of these chemicals are released pontus micro plastic. secondly, during the course of the journey or back of plastic, it also abs or gathers some other chemicals which are available in the environment specially persistent organic or materials which are known as pops. they also join with the blood, sits and on release into the marines. his term into he was this term into sign and this is the real hazard from micro blasts if they expose to micro plastics it just in as a bowl these days seeing as they're basically everywhere and all of our food packaging as well as our close speed my plastics is today has become a big issue. we didn't have so much of data,

so lots of information and maybe 10 years to earlier or it will now as be progress and we get more data and information. we find that micro plastic is almost every bit right from your drinking water to your package, drinking water, to the food that we are consuming today. is that so it is a bit concerning as to how much of micro blasting says all around us and what it back to the tap on human body is difficult to o fully understand this because science is esther yet we're working in this direction and we are still developing more information on it, but to say the least is that it is all around us and is hard to say that we can see what was so it's from the impact. so my preposterous, the world has gotten better about consuming plastics in recent years as a lot of grocery stores now use paper instead of plastics. but those things started

out as a policy 1st to reduce the use of plastic. so is a top down mandated approach necessary to reduce the consumption of plastics as the economics of it will never work out for a consumer driven approach? see the will to the uh, the global heater on plastic is about 215000000 metric tons of plastics is produced . worldwide is about 350000000 metric tons. and estimates are that by 2050. it is going to be $1.00, vivian tots or plastic. this is worldwide data that i'm talking about. i'll switch since 1950 this sir. this is a progression yorba you, it has gone up and today we are at this stage. but we have the data suggest that we recycle just about 9 to 12 percent of this plastic. oh,

so rest of the plastic is mismanaged. so i told you what 9 to good person is recycle. some of it is in some rated, and the rest of it is and the landfill, or is lying, it's me in use. so this is the feet of plastics. so it's hard to see that one atlantic model that we need to think to reduce this blasting production and consumption. but the fact remains that the world understands this better now. and there is a global effort in trying to reduce the minutes of plastic. the world u. m. has, are recently in the last 2 years, has come up with big global effort to reduce the impacts of plastic. and they're called upon all nations to join hands and we are working towards our international convention who reduced the impact. so plastic, i'm not sure what will be the outcome of this plan region. but i think all nations

agreed that this was a global problem. this is not individual country problem, and there are no isolated solutions. solutions will have to come by coming together . all nations will have to work together to reduce production consumption and look for such an organic material. also look for subtle o plastics which are not essential, non essential, plastics need to be deduced. so there will be multiple cards in the next 2 or 3 years, which will be drawn up through this process of international negotiation back to the outcome. so it will be only felt when the treaties actually implemented by all missions. oh thank you so much. that ish cities shall be joining us right after the break. and when we come back, while manufacturing plastic is dirt cheap,

the hidden cost of plastic to our society, the environment, and the economy is staggering. we'll explain more when we come back. ah ah. l look forward to talking to you all. that technology should work for people. a robot must obey the orders given by human beings, except where such order that conflict with the 1st law show your identification. we should be very careful about artificial intelligence. and the point obviously is to rate trust rather than fear a take on various job with artificial intelligence. real summoning

with a robot must protect his own existence with oh, when i was wrong when i just don't know if he has to say proud disdain. because the advocate an engagement, it was betrayal. when so many find themselves world warren, we choose to look so common ground. with

the welcome back. we are discussing the cost of plastic, and while manufacturing plastic is dirt cheap, the hidden cost of plastic to our society, the environment, and the economy, stems from greenhouse gas, emission, health, waste management, and unmanaged waste. the us environment program, of course, a fossil fuel based plastic alone accounts for an estimated 15 percent of the world's carbon budget equivalent to $1.00 giga tons of c o. 2. now in the last 20 years, the world has consumed more plastic in the previous 50 years. and because it is so cheap, it is so often discarded, less than 10 percent of the plastic is recycled and is instead dumped in the oceans . currently,

more than $11000000.00 tons of plastic enters the ocean every year. and micro plastics are also everywhere from our your cups to close. most close today are made of synthetic fibers or plastics like nylon are polyester and these plastics won't be composed for hundreds of years. and when washed. they released tiny, microscopic pieces of plastic into our oceans, our homes and our bodies. patagonia commission to study that found washing a single synthetic jacket just once released an average of 1.7 grams of micro plastic fibers. these micro plastics get into the air we breathe, the food we eat, the water we drink, and ends up infecting our bodies. researchers have found micro plastics in our blood now. and a study led by the university of newcastle australia reveals that consuming common food and beverages may result in us ingesting of approximately 5 grams of plastic,

which is equivalent of a credit card. studies have shown that these micro plastics, whether consumed or inhaled, can lead to problems with the respiratory system. the nervous system digested systems and your skin. plastics also contain hormone disruptors that alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system, causing diseases. the ecology center of california says that constant exposure to these chemicals can lead to cancers, especially breast, prostate and testicular. they can also cause birth defects, immune system suppression, and other developmental problems in children. and the effects of these plastic pollution has also been linked to pyro problems and lowering sperm count and fertility. now the w w. f define mismanagement waste as any plastic burned or directly dumped into the environment. and from this study, it reported that 41 percent of packaging is mismanaged and 47 percent of mismanage

packaging ends up in the oceans. now this is alarming as we can then examine the cost of this waste. marine plastic pollution, reduce global g d p, up to $7000000000.00 in 2018 from the tearing tours from travel hotspots are putting fishing in our culture activities at risk. and there's also increased cost of waste management every year. it costs us more than $32000000000.00 to collect sort dispos and recycle the huge quantities of plastic ways generated citizens also encourage significant costs from clean up activities to remove this waste as high as 15000000000 dollars a year. and for more, let's bring in once again. so tish sent ha, associate director at toxic link. now. so tissue. what is the true cost of plastics, in your opinion, including all of the adverse effects to the environment, to humans,

etc. the impact of plastic true cost to plastic is or is it is that's what i mentioned in my opening sentence that is complete lifecycle. plastic and important to understand that weighted comes from it is actually arbitrary, was from the fossil sion mostly petroleum based. and as we move our progress, we are now understanding that it was essentially world worlds that we were are getting this our material from now with ad winter with neil kinds of technology like tracking which has been there. so common now which has been, which has been under to bloody which loses oil group. and that is where though hostile production has also gone down and the raw material is available in more plentiful. and that is why the real cost or plastic says going down actually

if you ask me. but the cost that it, that the real cost that we're talking about on human health and environment is many fault. and why am seeing this is about was of the chemicals that are used in plastic manufacturing and during this fracture process, also, the whole process of fracking itself is sort toxic. and so impactful to environment in human health. the you'll bump in so much of water and so much of chemicals to get the group out from the tracking process, even in the oil heads which are doing normal fossil fuel extraction. you have lost chemicals which are added to it. are all this chemicals are released into the wac? now in the process of manufacture our refining the crude and getting or it's lean and our other are material that he'll use for last. it's an during the process of fer meeting perhaps from plastic or manufacturing plastics. you add many more chemicals to it, but they're all still blazer,

so color and so fragrance. these are all now chemicals and huge amount of chemicals to provide this properties that we're talking about. either then become hard or elastic on waterproofing, or fragrance, or soft anna. in all transparent, all these are because of the chemicals which are added to it. ah, the are many of these chemicals today? i recognized as her a c of serious concern. some of them i've known as customer general. so some of them might known as endocrine disrupting. many of these chemicals are recognized by scientific community and will bodies, as in dog rang disrupting or carcinogen or chemicals, which can cause other kinds of places. now this is the real im, cost of plastic and it is released into the environment that we all can knowledge. truly. the impacts of these when human health can be multiple, you know,

from cardiovascular to their city, to your, ah, europe, productive system impact on the product as a struggle. booked out to me and men bought female and meal. so the acts are phenomenal and b r. yet to come to compete understanding as to what is the real cost of this ah, plastic or boucher and the book now house plastic mus cycled and art michael plastics and other pollutants released during the breakdown process. so when that mean that recycling also isn't exactly eco friendly, as we might think, it is lia that's, that's a guess. that's the common understanding that if we recycle your see if you are able to bring it back and that does not go into landfill or does not go into the ocean. that's the kind of understanding behalf. but the fact remains that blasting is law,

one candle francine is not one kind of material that is dead there. different kinds of plastic each other. and that happens, the different kinds of plastic happens because of the kind of stabilizes that you had to have the kind of chemicals that you a add to it. you golf was realize that the same kim, plastic, generally soft. so chemicals are but some blast. it's a really hard some plastics where look transparent, some look different, some you can squeeze some even do this. how these are all at it. and these are all achieved by adding up the amount of chemical straight. so to plastics may not be similar, but one we'd recycle it. it's really hard to differentiate. so be put most of it, the recycle that all we see, especially in countries like ho oh, in the orb in the asian countries or maybe other countries, also china. you just mix all of these used plastic and you've been recycled. so you have chemical competition moving from one kinds of other type. and that is

why the blasted that you produce finally is a mix of all this think so recycling is not a very safe option. or, you know, unless we have a big issue, we know what are the chemicals in one kind of plastic, which is the kind of get because this disclose, it is also not available from the industry that one of the chemicals added to this class to one of the chemicals added to the 2nd category of clustered one of the chemicals added to if we are able to say it really varies based on scientific information and then we recycle it perhaps will be safer. so at this point of time, if we ping that recycling is a very good option to deal with the chemical hazards boys from plastic, it may not be very, very accurate to say that thank you so much for joining us today.

it seems like the plastic industry is the big winner here as it has literally invaded every aspect of our lives. and it's impossible to escape. but there are companies out there who are trying to change the narrative, bio plastic, currently make it less than one percent of the market. and these are made from bio sources such as sugar cane algae, even banana waste and shellfish. other companies have plant based plastic made from sugars that can be used for bottles and films. and these take about a year to decompose in an industrial com poster, which is significantly better than traditional plastics. coca cola has also begun testing a paper bottle and hungry for its strength, which makes bottles from paper pulp and tor. athene is another company that has developed the world 1st, commercially viable, truly biodegradable, and compost. dable attorney it to conventional plastic packaging, which breaks down naturally in the ocean. taura feet is made from natural polymers

like starch and allergy, and has won the noble prize in 2020 as it is significantly stronger than any other plastic alternative on the market. however, it is still new and needs to scale up before tackling the huge plastic industry. the big question for all of these innovations still remains where the material sourced from and where does it end up. paper for example, isn't sustainable packaging material if it contributes to deforestation, and also it is likely to take many years before these materials can scale up enough to make a dent in the 300000000 tons of plastic produce every year. i'm christy, i thanks for watching and we'll see you back here next time on the cost of everything . ah

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on r t. mm hm. with, with china says the military drills around taiwan work, quote, a serious warning to separate. it forces the mid growing crow independent rhetoric largely backed by washington. syrian iran are restoring relations with saudi arabia, turning from mutual disdain to unity and cooperation. as ria discusses, damascus is returned to the arab league. russia's ambassador to the un calls on the west to abandon its neo colonial habits in africa,

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