ah, are we whose plastic is probably one of the most convenient inventions and the perfect material . it is valuable resistance and economical. it is the most popular cost effective and abundant material to day solving many design problems and logistical problems from construction to packaging, allowing the industry to grow over $10.00 folds in the last 10 years. but what is the true cost of plastics in the long term plastic generates more greenhouse gases than the entire amount of annual emissions from the aviation and shipping industries combined. i'm christiane, you're watching the cost of everything we're to day. we're going to be looking at

this very common household item and seeing if it really is the perfect product. ah, plastics actually derive from natural organic materials such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt. and of course, crude oil. crude oil is processed before it can be used, distilling it at a refinery. and this separates the crude into hydrocarbon chains. and one of these chains is a compound called nafta, which is a crucial compound for the production of plastics. then there are 2 main processes used to produce different types of plastics. paula merrick zation and poly condensation. they both require specific catalyst to link polymer chains together. and each polymer has its own properties and can vary and physical structure,

size flexibility. and depending on what types of basic monomers are used from these reactions, you can then create thermal plastics which are your flexible plastics that distort when heated or your thermal sets, which are hard. plastics that will not soften once they have been molded. so depending on the type of plastic, your manufacturing, a key low of virgin raw material costs mer pennies. that is why manufacturers packaging companies and every industry use it and why consumers devour it because it is literally dirt cheap. plastic bottles are produced everywhere in the world, but the cost of producing them varies dramatically due to the differences and raw material costs and energy prices. because the shell gas boom, the america as well as the middle east, is more cost effective given the access to crude. meanwhile, asia and europe must rely on more expensive nafta. because of this,

the middle east and the u. s. are to the cheapest countries. we're plastic is produced at around $0.02 per unit bottle. china next given the very cheap labor and the cheaper fuel averaging out at around $0.03 a bottle. and this is followed by the european union and japan at 3.3 cents and 3.6 cents respectively. currently recycling plastic is actually more expensive than making new plastic, which means that companies have very little incentive to dig through the landfill for old material. so the plastic that we discard every day is probably going to end up in the landfills where it may take up to a 1000 years to decompose, potentially leaching toxic substances into the soil and water. germany, researchers are warning that the impact of micro plastics in soil sediment and fresh water could have long term negative impacts on the ecosystem. and the study estimates that one 3rd of all plastic waste ends up in soils or fresh water and

ends up entering the food chain. and because plastic takes so long to break down, they never really actually disappear. almost every piece of plastic ever made, which is about 8300000000 tons still exist in one form or another today. so now let's bring in scottish sin ha, associate director at toxics links, said tish, is there any replacement for plastics? something that is so durable and malleable, but at the same time cheap to produce. that's a tough question to answer. about replacement of plastic. oh, plastic by virtue of is properties is perhaps the most wander material that we know today is hard to replace plastic as it goes. but yes sir,

we will have to find ways to deal with plastic. it will have to find did some of the impacts of plastic that is causing an environment and on this planet to such. so to answer the question and simply there is no direct replacement for the current plastic that we have. but certainly there are ways david is plastic really that dangerous. i mean, how prevalent are these micro plastics and what harm do they cause? little plastic is a substance which is compete, life cycle increased any plastic and the more information that we get you had on here with new research, new findings, we are realizing that plastic has a lot of downside, do it. no, not in bats or plastic. for the reason that plastic is now considered is not considered as a emerge material. for the reason that right from the point of source of his

traction of the raw material to his final disposal all along the life cycle of plastic. there are huge amounts of chemicals which are used in the slime cycle. whichever leaves during the lime st. many of these chemicals are there almost certainly by 10000 chemicals are used in plastic manufacturing processes or thich about 2400. i'd known to be chemicals or cancer. they're recognized as chemicals or cancer. and this is what is pausing the biggest risk to environment and to human health, but ah, so that is the danger that it pauses as regards micro plastic maple plastic is nothing but a smaller fragments of plastic. they happen on 2 accounts. one

is primary micro blasting, which me manufacture as a smaller fragment bostic. and we add to many of the products that we use in our daily life. some of which i can mention to you as personal care products like face, scrub, 2 bays, shampoo all this things have certain amounts of micro plastics added to it for the kind of ah, up properties that is provided to the plastic and for the purpose that you're using it to so these are known as primary of micro blast if there were small fragments. essentially to read the definitional might replaced by size is in any plastic particle which is less than 5 m. m is considered as micro plastic. and there is a 2nd category of micro plastic which is secondary micro blast was or which happened because, or breakdown of large amounts of plastic that is there. okay. so,

so these are 2 kinds of make of plastics. and the problem with micro plastic is that b inherently county the chemicals that that were little plastic had because of the bread down. it does not move away from the plastics and that contains it. and when it reaches the soil or water, or marine or any other media, it releases many of these chemical to release from this micro plastic. secondly, during the course of the journey or micro plastic, it also helps our gathers some other chemicals which are available in the environment specially persistent organic or materials which are known as pops. they also join with the blood sits and they're all released into the marines. his term into he was his term into psi and this is the real hazard from microprocessors is being exposed to mica plastics. it just in as a more these de thing as they're basically everywhere and all of our food packaging

as well as our clothes. see my plastics is sir. today has become a big issue of a we didn't have so much of data, so much of information and maybe any has been a little wriggle. but now as we progress and we get more data information, we find that micro plastic is almost every bit right from your drinking water, to your package, drinking water, to the food that we are consuming to the in that. so it is a bit concerning as to how much of micro blasting was all around us and what it back to the tap on the human body is difficult to o. fully understand this because science is esther yet working in this direction and we are still developing more information on it. but to say the least is that it is all around us and is hard to say that we can save ourselves from the impacts of

microprocessors. the world has gotten better about consuming plastics in recent years as a lot of grocery stores now use paper instead of plastics. but those things started out as a policy 1st to reduce the use of plastic. so is a top down mandated approach necessary to reduce the consumption of plastics as the economics of it will never work out for a consumer driven approach? see the will to the uh, the global heater on plastic is about 215000000 metric parts of plastics has produced worldwide. this about 350000000 metric guns and estimates are that by 2050 it is going to be 1 point one vivian tots or plastic. this is one. why did other talking about off switch since 1950 this sir, that is a progression. we owe you, it has gone up and today we are at this stage. ah, but we have the did i suggest that we recycle just about 9 to 12 percent of

this plastic? oh, so rest of the plastic is mismanaged. so i told you what 9 to good person is recycle. some of it is in some rated, and the rest of it is either landfill or is lying elsewhere in use. so this is the feet of plastics. so it's hard to see that one atlantic model that we need to think to reduce this blasting production and consumption. but the fact remains that the world understands this better now. and there is a global effort in trying to reduce the minutes of plastic the world u. l. has or recently in the last 2 years has come up with big global effort to reduce the impacts of plastic and have them call upon all nations to join hands. and we are working towards our international convention who

reduced them at so plastic. i'm not sure what will be the outcome of this plan region, but i think all nations agreed that this was a global problem. this is not individual country problem, and there are no isolated solutions. solutions will have to come by coming together . all nations will have to work together to reduce production consumption and look for such an organic material. also look for subtle o plastics which are not essential, non essential. plastics need to be deduced. so there will be multiple cards in the next 2 or 3 years, which will be drawn up through this process of international negotiation back to the outcome. so it would be only felt when the treaties actually implemented by all missions. oh,

thank you so much. that ish cities shall be joining us right after the break. and when we come back, while manufacturing plastic is dirt cheap, the hidden cost of plastic to our society, the environment and the economy is staggering. we'll explain more when we come back with me. ah. l look forward to talking to you all that technology should work for people. a robot must obey the orders given by human beings except where such order that conflict with the 1st law show your identification. we should be very careful about

artificial intelligence. the point obviously is too great trust rather than a various job with artificial intelligence, real summoning with a robot most protective foam existence with oh, when i was wrong, when i just don't hold any world yet received out this day because of the advocate and engagement, it was betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart, we choose to look for common ground

the welcome back. we are discussing the cost of plastic, and while manufacturing plastic is dirt cheap, the hidden cost of plastic to our society, the environment, and the economy, stems from greenhouse gas, emission, health, waste management, and unmanaged waste. the un environment program reports the fossil fuel based plastic alone accounts for an estimate of 15 percent of the world's carbon budget equivalent to $1.00 giga tons of c o. 2. now in the last 20 years, the world has consumed more plastic in the previous 50 years. and because it is so cheap, it is so often discarded, less than 10 percent of the plastic is recycled and is instead dumped in the oceans . currently, more than $11000000.00 tons of plastic enters the ocean every year. and micro

plastics are also everywhere from our your cup to close. most close today are made of synthetic fibers or plastics like nylon are polyester and these plastics won't decompose for hundreds of years. and when washed, they released tiny, microscopic pieces of plastic into our ocean, our homes and our bodies. patagonia commission to study that found washing a singles. the card. studies have shown that these micro plastics, whether consumed or inhaled, can lead to problems with the respiratory system. the nervous system digested systems and your skin plastics also contain hormone disruptors that alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system causing diseases. the ecology center of california says that constant exposure to these chemicals can lead to cancers, especially breast, prostate and testicular. they can also cause birth defects,

immune system suppression and other developmental problems in children. and the effects of these plastic pollution has also been linked to thyroid problems and lowering sperm count and fertility. now the w, w. f defined mismanagement waste as any plastic burned or directly dumped into the environment. and from the study, it reported that 41 percent of packaging is mismanaged and 47 percent of mismanage packaging ends up in the oceans. now this is alarming as we can then examine the cost of this waste. marine plastic pollution, reduce global g d p, up to $7000000.20 from the tearing tours from travel hotspots are putting fishing and uncle culture activities at risk. and there's also increased cost of waste management every year it cost us more than $32000000000.00 to collect sort dispos and recycle the huge quantities of plastic ways generated citizens also

incur significant costs from clean up activities to remove this waste as high as $15000000000.00 a year. and for more let's bring in once again. so kish sent ha, associate director at toxics link. now so tish, what is the true cost of plastics, in your opinion, including all of the adverse effects to the environment, to humans, etc. blasted to possibly to is is, is a is that's what i've mentioned in my opening center that is complete lifecycle plastic and important to understand that where it comes from it is actually the wrong to us from the fossil, mostly petroleum based. and as we move our progress, we are now understanding that it was essentially world worlds that we were are getting this our material from now with advent or with neil kinds of technology

like tracking which has been there. so common nar, which has been, which has been other to blogging which loses oil group. and that is where though hostile production has also gone home and that our material is available in more plentiful. and that is why the real cost of plastic says going down, actually if you ask me. but the cost that it, that the real cost that we're talking about on human health and environment is many fault. and why am seeing this is about ours of the chemicals that are used in plastic manufacturing. and during this fraction process, also, the whole process of fracking itself is sort toxic. and so impactful to environment in human health, the, you'll bump in so much of water and so much of chemicals to get the group out from the tracking process, even in the oil heads which are doing normal fossil fuel extraction. you have lost

chemicals which had added to it. now all these chemicals are released into the now in the process of manufacture or refining the crude and getting or it's lean and or other material that you'll use for plastics. and during the process of fer meeting perhaps from plastic or manufacturing plastics, you add many more chemicals from it. but they are all stabilizers or color ends of fragrance. and these are all now chemicals and huge amount of chemicals to provide this properties that we're talking about either then become hard or elastic on waterproofing, or franklin, so softer in jasper. and all these are because of the chemicals which are added to it. ah, the are many of these chemicals today i recognized as her a c of serious concern. some of them are known as customer general, so some of them might known as endocrine disrupting. many of these chemicals are

recognized by scientific community and will bodies, as in dog rang disrupting or carcinogen or chemicals, which can cause other kinds of places. now this is the real im, cost of plastic and it is released into the environment that be all can knowledge truly the impacts of these when human health can be multiple, you know, from cardiovascular to bescedy, to your, of your, of productive system impact on the product as a struggle booked out to me and men bought female and meal. so the acts are phenomenal and b r. yet to come to compete understanding as to what is the real cost of this? ah plastic. a blue shirt and the book. now house plastic, recycled and art michael plastics and other pollutants released during the

breakdown process. so when that mean that recycling also isn't exactly eco friendly as we might think it is. yeah, that's, that's a gust. that's the common understanding that if we recycle your see if you're able to bring it back and that does not go into landfill or does not go into the ocean. that's the kind of understanding the hack. but the fact remains that blasting is no one candle for it's. he is not one kind of material that is dead there. different kinds of plastic each other. and that happens. the different kinds of plastic happens because of the kind of stabilizers that you had to have the kind of chemicals that you a add to it. you lol off was realize that the symptom, plastic generally soft. so chemicals are but some blast. it's a really hard some plastics where look transparent, some look different, some you can squeeze some even do this. how these are all at it. and these are all achieved by adding up the amount of chemical straight. so to plastics may not be

similar, but when we recycle it, it's really hard to differentiate. so be put most of it, the recycle that, oh we see, especially in countries like ho oh, in the orb in the asian countries or maybe other countries, also china. you just mix all of these used plastic and you can recycle them. so you have chemical competition moving from one kinds of other kite. and that is why the blasted that you produce finally is a mix of all this think. so recycling is not a very safe option. or, you know, unless we have clear vision. we know what are the chemicals in one kind of plastic, which is the kind of game because this disclose that it is also not available from the industry that one of the chemicals added to this class to one of the chemicals added to the 2nd category of plastic, one of the chemicals added to if we are able to segregated, very, very,

are based on scientific information and then we recycle it perhaps will be safer. so at this point of time, if we ping that recycling is a very good option to deal with, the chemical hazards paused from plastic. it may not be very, very accurate to say that thank you so much for joining us today. it seems like the plastic industry is a big winner here as it has literally invaded every aspect of our lives. and it's impossible to escape. but there are companies out there who are trying to change the narrative. bio plastic currently make less than one percent of the market. and these are made from bio sources such as sugar cane algae, even banana waste and shellfish. other companies have plant based plastic made from sugars that can be used for bottles and films. and these take about a year to decompose in an industrial comp poster,

which is significantly better than traditional plastics. coca cola has also begun testing a paper bottle and hungry for its strength, which makes bottles from paper pulp and tor. athene is another company that has developed the world 1st, commercially viable, truly biodegradable and compost dable attorney it to conventional plastic packaging, which breaks down naturally in the ocean, tore athene is made from natural polymers like starch, an allergy, and has won the noble prize in 2020 as it is significantly stronger than any other plastic alternative on the market. however, it is still new and needs to scale up before tackling the huge plastic industry. the big question for all of these innovations still remains where the material source from and where does it end up. paper for example, isn't sustainable packaging material if it contributes to deforestation. and also it is likely to take many years before these materials can scale up enough to make

a dent in the 300000000 tons of plastic produce every year. i'm christy. i thanks for watching and we'll see you back here next time on the cost of everything. ah ah. mm cars, they already asleep here because they gotta scroll for a future store. greater finland to the euros. the nazi theory of racial superiority, finish style. 4 years of caribbean, ss, occupation, 14 concentration camps,

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