asi international, the back of the top of now with the very latest said coming out next. the cost of everything with christy. i'm with a plastic is probably one of the most convenient inventions and the perfect material . it is malleable, resistant, and economical. it is the most popular cost effective and abundant material today.

solving many design problems and logistical problems from construction to packaging, allowing the industry to grow over 10 folds in the last 10 years. but what is the true cost of plastics in the long term, plastic generate more greenhouse gases than the entire amount of annual emissions from the aviation and shipping industries combined. i'm christiane, you're watching the cost of everything. where today we're going to be looking at this very common household item and seeing if it really is the perfect product. ah, plastics actually derive from natural organic material such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt. and of course, crude oil, crude oil is process before it can be used, distilling it at

a refinery. and this separates the crude into hydrocarbon chains. and one of these chains is a compound called nafta, which is a crucial compound for the production of plastics. then there are 2 main processes used to produce different types of plastics, polymers, ation and poly, condensation. they both require specific catalysts to link polymer chains together . and each polymer has its own properties and can vary in physical structure, size, flexibility. and depending on what type of basic monomers are used from these reactions, you can then create thermal plastics which are your flexible plastics that distort when heated or your thermal sets, which are hard. plastics that will not soften once they have been molded. so depending on the type of plastic your manufacturing a key low, a virgin raw material costs mer pennies. that is why manufacturers packaging companies and every industry use it and why consumers devour it because it is

literally dirt cheap. plastic bottles are produced everywhere in the world, but the cost of producing them varies dramatically due to the differences and raw material costs and energy prices. because the shell gas boom, the america as well as the middle east, is more cost effective given the access to crude. meanwhile, asia and europe must rely on more expensive nafta. because of this, the middle east and the u. s. r to the cheapest countries were plastic, is produced at around $0.02 per unit bottle. china is next given the very cheap labor and the cheaper fuel averaging out at around $0.03 a bottle. and this is followed by the european union and japan at 3.3 cents and 3.6 cents respectively. currently recycling plastic is actually more expensive than making new plastic, which means that companies have very little incentive to dig through the landfill

for old material. so the plastic that we discard every day is probably going to end up in the landfills where it may take up to a 1000 years to decompose, potentially leeching, toxic substances into the soil and water. germany, researchers are warning that the impact of micro plastics and soil sediment and fresh water could have long term negative impacts on the ecosystem. and the study estimates that one 3rd of all plastic waste ends up in soils or fresh water and ends up entering the food chain. and because plastic takes so long to break down, they never really actually disappear. almost every piece of plastic ever made, which is about 8300000000 tonne still exist in one form or another today. so now let's bring in so tish, send ha, associate director at toxic links. so tish,

is there any replacement for plastics? something that is so durable and malleable, but at the same time sheet to produce. that's a tough question to answer about the replacement of plastic. oh, plastic by virtue of is, properties is perhaps the most wander material that we know today is hard to replace plastic as it goes. but the answer we will have to find ways to deal with blasting. it will have to find did some of the impacts of plastic that is causing an environment and on this planet to such. so to answer the question and simply there is no direct replacement for the current plastic that we have. but suddenly there are ways to deal with it is plastic, really that dangerous? i mean, how prevalent i these micro plastic and what harm do they cause will plastic is

a substance which in this compete lamps, ankle, if you have any plastic and the more information that we get you had on year with new research, new findings, we are realizing that plastic has a lot of downside to it. there are none of them. bats are plastic for the reason that plastic is now considered is not considered as a emerged material. for the reason that right from the point or source of extraction of the raw material to his final disposal all along the life cycle of plastic. there are huge amounts of chemicals which are used in the slime cycle which have released during the lime st. many of these chemicals are there almost certainly about 10000 chemicals are used in plastic manufacturing processes

or thich about 2400. i'd known to be chemicals or cancer. they're recognized as steady pencil cancer. and this is what is pausing the biggest risk to environment and to human had bought. ah. so that is the danger that it poses as regards micro plastic, micro plastic is nothing but a smaller fragments of plastic. they happen on 2 accounts. one is primary micro plastic, which me muddle fat. sure. as a smaller fragments of bostic, and we add to many of the products that we use in our daily life. some of which i can mention to you as personal care products like fis, scrub 2 pays shampoo. all this things have certain amounts of micro plastics added to it for the kind of ah, properties that is provided to the plastic and for the book was that you're using

it too. so these are known as primary of micro blast if there were small fragments . essentially to read the definition of micro blast by size is in any plastic particle which is less than 5 m. m is considered as micro plastic. and there is a 2nd category of micro plastic which is secondary micro blast was or which happened because, or breakdown of large amounts of plastic that is there so. so these are 2 kinds of micro plastics. and the problem with micro plastic is that the inherently county the chemicals that that were originally plastic had because of the breakdown. it does not move away from the plastics and that contains it. and when it reaches the soil or water, or marine or any other media, it releases many of these chemical to release from this micro plastic. secondly, during the course of the journey or by of plastic,

it also abs or gathers some other chemicals which are available in the environment specially persistent organic or materials which are known as pops. they also join with the glass sits and they're all released into the marines. his term into he was term into sigh and this is the real hazard from microprocessors is being exposed to mica classics it just in as a more these de thing as they're basically everywhere and all of our food packaging as well as our clothes. see my plastic is sir, today has become a big issue of a we didn't have so much of data, so much of information in a maybe 10 years been a little wriggle, but now as me progress and we get more data and information, we find that micro plastic is almost every bit right from your drinking water to your package, drinking water, to the food that we are consuming to the in that area. so it is

a bit concerning as to how much of micro blasting was all around us and what it back to the tap on the human body is difficult to o, fully understand this because science is esther yet working in this direction and we are still developing more information on it, but to say the least is that it is all around us and is hard to say that we conceive i was so it's from the impacts of microprocessors. the world has gotten better about consuming plastics in recent years as a lot of grocery stores now use paper instead of plastics. but those things started out as a policy 1st to reduce the use of plastic. so is a top down mandated approach necessary to reduce the consumption of plastics as the economics of it will never work out for a consumer driven approach? see the world to the oh, the global heater on plastic is about 215000000 metric parts of plastics has

produced. worldwide is about 350000000 metric guards and estimates are that by 2050 it is going to be 1 point one, vivian tots or plastic. this is worldwide data talking about off switch since 1915 this sir, that is a progression. yoga you, it has gone up and today we are at this stage. ah, but we have the did i suggest that we recycle just about 9 to 12 percent of this plastic? oh, so rest of the plastic is mismanaged. so i told you what 9 to good person is recycle. some of it is in some rated, and the rest of it is either landfill or is lying. it's me in use. so this is the feet of plastics. so it's hard to see that what atlantic model that we need to

think to reduce this blasting production and consumption. but the fact remains that the world understands this better now. and there is a global effort in trying to reduce the minutes of plastic the world u. m. has, ah, recently in the last 2 years has come up with big global effort to reduce the impacts of plastic. i made them called upon all nations to join hands and we are working towards our international convention who reduced them at so plastic. i'm not too sure what will be the outcome of this pension. but i think all nations agree that this was a global problem. this is not individual country problem, and there are no isolated solutions. solutions will have to come by coming together . all nations will have to work together to reduce production consumption and look

for subtle organic material. also looked for subtle o plastics which are not essential, non essential, plastics need to be reduced. so there will be multiple kinds of approach in the next 2 or 3 years, which will be drawn up through this process of international negotiation back to the outcome. so it will be only felt when the treaties actually implemented by all nations. oh, thank you so much, sir. tish city shall be joining us right after the break. and when we come back, while manufacturing plastic is dirt cheap, the hidden cost a plastic to our society, the environment and the economy is staggering. we'll explain more when we come back . ah

ah. a wrong a ticket. and engagement equals the trail. when so many find themselves will depart, we choose to look for common ground l look forward to talking to you all. that technology should work for people. a robot must obey the orders given by human beings, except where such order that conflict with the 1st law show your identification. we

should be very careful about our personal intelligence at the point, obviously is too great trust, rather than fear lighting on various char with artificial intelligence, real summoning with a robot must protect its own existence with the welcome back. we are discussing the cost of plastic, and while manufacturing plastic is dirt cheap, the hidden costs of plastic to our society, the environment, and the economy, stems from greenhouse gas, emission, health, waste management, and unmanaged waste. the un environment program, of course,

a fossil fuel based plastic alone accounts for an estimated 15 percent of the world's carbon budget equivalent to $1.00 giga tons of c o. 2. now in the last 20 years, the world has consumed more plastic in the previous 50 years. and because it is so cheap, it is so often discarded, less than 10 percent of the plastic is recycled and is instead dumped in the oceans . currently, more than $11000000.00 tons of plastic enters the ocean every year. and micro plastics are also everywhere from our your cups to close. most close today are made of synthetic fibers or plastics like nylon are polyester and these plastics won't be composed for hundreds of years. and when washed. they released tiny, microscopic pieces of plastic into our ocean, our homes and our bodies. patagonia commission to study that found washing a single synthetic jacket just once released an average of 1.7 grams of micro

plastic fibers. these micro plastics get into the air we breathe, the food we eat, the water we drink, and ends up impacting our bodies. researchers have found micro plastics in our blood now. and a study led by the university of newcastle australia reveals that consuming common food and beverages may result in us ingesting of approximately 5 grams of plastic, which is equivalent of a credit card. studies have shown that these micro plastics, whether consumed or inhaled, can lead to problems with the respiratory system, the nervous system, digestive systems, and your skin. plastics also contain hormone disruptors that alter the normal functioning of the endo consist of causing diseases. the ecology center of california says that constant exposure to these chemicals can lead to cancers, especially breast, prostate and testicular. they can also cause birth defects,

immune system suppression and other developmental problems in children. and the effects of these plastic pollution has also been linked to cyro problems and lowering sperm count and fertility. now the w w. f defines mismanagement waste as any plastic burned or directly dumped into the environment. and from this study, it reported that 41 percent of packaging is mismanaged, and 47 percent of mismanage packaging ends up in the oceans. now this is alarming as we can then examine the cost of this waste. marine plastic pollution, reduce global g d p, up to $7000000.00 in 2018 from the tearing tours from travel hotspots are putting fishing and uncle culture activities at risk. and there's also increased cost of waste management every year. it cost us more than $32000000000.00 to collect sort dispos and recycle the huge quantities of plastic waste generated citizens

also incur significant costs from clean up activities to remove this waste as high as 15000000000 dollars a year. and for more, let's bring in once again. so tish sent ha, associate director at toxics link. now so tish, what is the true cost of plastics, in your opinion, including all of the adverse effects to the environment, to humans, etc. blasted to possibly to sir. ah, is to say is that's what i have mentioned in my opening sentence that is complete life sake lock plastic and are important to understand that when it comes from it is actually are the arbitrary, was from the fossil sion mostly petroleum based. and as we move our progress, we are now understanding that it was essentially world worlds that we were are

getting this our material from now with ad winter with neil kinds of technology like tracking which has been there. so common now which has been which has been under to blogging which produces oil group. and that is where though hostile production has also gone home and that our material is available in more plentiful. and that is why the real costal plastics has gone down. actually if you ask me, but the cost that it, that the real cost that we're talking about on human health and environment is many fault. and why am seeing this is about was of the chemicals that are used in blast, it's manufacturing and during distraction process. also, the whole process of fracking itself is sort toxic and so impactful to environment, newman and fuel distraction. you have lost chemicals which have added to it doesn't work now in the process of manufacture or refining the crude and getting or it's

lean and or other rob material that you'll use for plastics. and during the process of fer meeting perhaps from plastic or manufacturing plastics, you add many more chemicals to me. it would, they are all stabilizers or color in so fragrance are these are all now chemicals and huge amount of chemicals to provide this properties that we're talking about. either they become hard or elastic on waterproofing, or franklin. so soft ana, in all transport and all these are because of the chemicals which are added to it. o d, r linear, these chemicals, trudy, i recognized as her as see of serious consent. some of them are known as customer general. so some of them are known as enterprise disrupting. many of these chemicals are recognized by scientific community and one bodies as in the crime,

disrupting or carcinogen, or can be both which can cause other kinds of pieces. now this is the cost of plastic and it is released into the environment that the all knowledge to be the impacts of these for human health can be multiple, you know, from cardiovascular to a bescedy to your, your productive system. impact on the production system booked to me and men both female and me. so the impacts are phenomenal and be, are yet to come to compete understanding as to what is the real cost of this plastic allusion and now house plastic recycled and art. michael plastics and other pollutants released during the breakdown process. so when that mean that recycling also isn't exactly eco friendly as we might think it is. that's

thus of gus. that's the common understanding that if we recycle your safe, you're able to bring it back and that does not fall into landfill. does not go into the ocean. that's the kind of understanding the hat. but the fact remains that plastic is no one kind of fritz. he is not one kind of material that is dead there . different kinds of plastic which are there. and that happens. the different kinds of plastic happens because of the kind of stabilizes that you add to it, the kind of chemicals actually add to it. you lol off was realize that the symptom, plastic generally soft. so chemicals are but some blast. it's a really hard some plastics where look transparent. some look different. some you can squeeze some even do this. how these are all at it. and these are all achieved by adding certain amount of chemical straight. so to plastics may not be similar, but when we recycle it, it's really hard to differentiate. so be put most of it, the recycle that, oh we see, especially in countries like ho oh,

in the orb in the asian countries or maybe in other countries, also china. you just mix all of these used plastic and you can re 2nd them. so you have chemical competition moving from one kinds of other type, and that is why the blasted that you produce finally is a mix of all this. think sorry, cycling is not a very safe option. or, you know, unless we have clear of segregation. we know what are the chemicals in one kind of plastic which of the kind of game because this disclose it is also not available from the bus that one of the chemicals added to this plastic. one of the chemicals added to the 2nd category of plastic, one of the chemicals added. if we are able to segregated, very, very, are based on scientific information and then we recycle it perhaps would be safer. so at this point of time, if sleeping that recycling is

a very good option to deal with, the chemical o hazards was from plastic, it may not be very, very accurate to say that thank you so much for joining us today. ah, it seems like the plastic industry is the big winner here as it has literally invaded every aspect of our lives. and it's impossible to escape. but there are companies out there who are trying to change the narrative. bio plastics currently make a less than one percent of the market. and these are made from bio sources such as sugar cane algae, even banana waste and shellfish. other companies have plant based plastic made from sugars that can be used for bottles and films. and these take about a year to decompose in an industrial com poster, which is significantly better than traditional plastics. coca cola has also begun testing a paper bottle and hungry for a drink,

which makes bottles from paper pulp and tore athene is another company that has developed the world 1st. commercially viable, truly biodegradable and compost dable attorney added to conventional plastic packaging, which breaks down naturally in the ocean. tora feet is made from natural polymers like starch and allergy, and has won the noble prize in 2020. as it is significantly stronger than any other plastic alternative on the market. however, it is still new and needs to scale up before tackling the huge plastic industry. the big question for all of these innovations still remains where the material source from and where does it end. doug paper for example, isn't sustainable packaging material if it contributes to deforestation, and also it is likely to take many years before these materials can scale up enough to make a dent in the 300000000 tons of plastic produce every year. i'm

christy. i thanks for watching and we'll see you back here next time on the cost of everything. ah ah ah, because they already asleep here because they could pass through a math. you're just the greater finland to the euros. the nazi theory of racial superiority finish style for years of korean ss, occupation, 14 concentration camps, 30 full prisoner of war, labor camps 10 prisons. able get

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