my poland molina was a farming region. today is part of ukraine. between 19431945 members of the ukrainian insurgent army, led by stepan bandera. nasa could thousands of poles in virginia in a diabolical ethnic cleansing process. the mergers were particularly horrific and brutal villages were burned and property looted. the valinda massacre is without doubt one of the bloodiest episodes in polish ukrainian history. why are ukrainian politicians still reluctant to talk about these events? how to modern day ukraine and poland view this tragedy of the past. and why does the memory of valeria still divide people? ah, i think in the nova south, there is a much clearer understanding of the causes meeting up to this crisis. even though the best in position is that it is an unprovoked thought. i think that wilma,

so understand that this is part of the u. s. lead based strategy for the 20 men afresh. no longer fastly to the containment of china. ah ah, the experience itself i, i mean the nuts and bolts of the training, et cetera that, that wasn't too difficult. so in that sense that was underwhelming and i bought up the experience of being up there and looking at the planet that was quite out of the ordinary. her and i did doesn't leave you was where the back full. so and then now when you return back that way, when you look at the girl for a response, you get because it, before it compared to today,

space flight was still a bit of a novelty. and so, and especially in india and india because we never had any activity like that so. so that was difficult so, so people generally reacted so much to the image which was built up there. and there was only one tv channel at that time so. so in effect, her space came into the drawing rooms off for our indians and that we made quite an impact with them. so as a result of that, the adulation and all was some day one was where he, unprepared for so bad. so that was the difficult part, but then again, if you look at it as a, as, as a professional, like i sent, ah, the a flight itself, the professional part of it somehow was not challenging enough. i would say.

primarily because a lot of control was autonomous. done by the computers and there we were bigger test pilot. we were in a fight a valid before that. oh, we're used to more hands on control. so it affected was like waiting to see what happens. so you are just a curious onlooker of during the transit. yeah, it did take us something to adapt to 0 gravity that took some doing because you can't replicate ah my, the exact conditions on ground, therefore you're not trained for that. so you kind of learning on the job. so that was i would say the segment that was a bit challenging. but otherwise backer d, you chose to participate in the program. how difficult was the competition? and why do you think that you were chosen? how i tell you of anybody, anybody. and i think we were probably about

a 1000000000 of that time. if you had us anybody, anybody would of wanted to go because it was, it was such an wellness, call it and out of the world experience. ah. so who won't want a piece of that action? ah, but to be quite frank. oh, i never ever dreamed. it wasn't one of my dreams. of course i dreamt of being a fighter pilot and i became one luckily. have but never, never thought of going into space because our country never had a manned space program. so it would have been true dial to just even think about. so i never thought about it. but oh, it was ours was a different i think our flight was before it's time. or even now we're just prepared a biopsy. next year, we'll be sending our own indian astronauts

a border e bay indian launchers using indian technology. so we're talking about what happened 40 years earlier. so, so really speaking from, from my planning standpoint of israel was really not ready to get into this part or for expiration is so was just busy with the satellite program. so, but because that then soviet russia, well wondered if i was, i have beneficiary of the cold war, i would say, because there was competition going on between america and russia. and russia wanted to wander the world to know that india is with them and they're can so they offered that flight to india. and i the so, like i said, was not keen. and then mrs. gun, the offered the flight to the,

to that force. and very gladly and an air force grabbed it. and then no, the soviet said that our it would be better if we could get a test pilot because there wasn't any time left. elections were on the gonna. so so, so i happen to be a young at that time relatively happened to be fit because i was always an outdoorsy kind of a person in an i happened to re lucky her to be the right guy of the right place of the right time. so could you tell us a bit about your ras, soviet colleagues, your interactions with them? the crews were, i mean, they were like, like a via does anywhere in the world. we have a special bond. so in that sense that done, i was the only guy doing the 1st flight. there were 3 of us,

the other 2 yury militia than good. now this circle of a boss were had already floated to space. so there was that sense of comfort with them. and um, and i the, i think all in all it was i, it was already a fruitful interaction. they did the mentoring and there was no problem whatsoever. where was the so you steam beast and wherever you will train, we did our training in o outside moscow that star city does the unit ga gonna lead space sir facility the training facility and our that's where we trend. ellen, we moved to by conner from where the launch took miss. so the final part of the training, just prior to the launch a practiced, ah, the last minute things like docking, if it won't go well them how to we are still managed to retrieve ah,

the space slate to sell. because if you can dockwood the laboratory, then you can do any experiments. so, so that's what all the training was in moscow out of moscow. joe's and he got out of that star city. do you remember your fears? if any, in the process or preparing for your 1st flight, i wasn't experienced just by that. by the time i was select 10, i would say that her all, i won't even sail military of yet. as all aviators have a reconciled with the prospect off it bigger riskier profession than what everybody thinks door today, i would say that crossing a road where this traffic is equally to sky. barbara, being a riskier profession, some are we, all of us professionals of come to cummings by then. so there was no fear at battle

level anna. and the way i processed the fact that i would not be in control. and that my destiny is going to be shaped by a computer. ah, it'll shoot, i have to worry. and so therefore i, i just took it in my straight. okay. if it works, it works. it doesn't work. but then i was not the 1st guy going up so many had been there before me and, and then they returned to. so i mean, i really wasn't worried that on i was an observer. what are your 1st taught when you realized that you were actually in space? it was an absolutely stunning. no. of course, by that time, i would say gotten, went up in the c early sixty's and the americans followed thereafter. so there was

a lot of material already in the media in terms of photographs and things. so why really knew what, what to expect? and they were color photographs. but when you actually go up there and the experience, the, or i would say the environment to go, you're floating all the time, some the unit used to that and, and the visuals are absolutely stunning. and it's too, oh, in a very impactful way, at the scale on which things are. and i, i would say that that gives you a wider perspective of your own existence. no. then therefore you start, you will return as somebody who was a lot more mindful about the fact that there is no other place now, which is as comfortable as planet earth. and therefore, oh, we really need to look after that and not to we need to take care of the

sources and use them frugally and not do what we are doing because we are systematically. i think you do agreed a deal to our so quarter development. ah, we are exhausting the limited resources which planet earth has got an bab. therefore you come back with a with a changed perspective in that sense. how long will you in faith for we went up in the saw us. we've talked with the ssl, you. we transferred to the side of you through a tunnel which was formed due to the coupling of her. so using the solute and we lived in the solute which essentially is a steel cylinder, much smaller, smaller than this. oh, and a. and that's it, me work there. so it was in that confined space where we stayed for 8 or days

lab, but that's no great shakes because the way to record us $400.00 plus days. so. so i said it's a wonderful place to wizard, but a difficult place to work in i would say everything keeps flying because there's no gravity. so all your a dos cuz you have to do it sequentially. so you can't let things keep it on the table. i mean, everything would be flying off the table. so one by one, you go to do those stocks and it takes a lot longer. we need a lot more patience. she leads and not more diligence. but that's, this is something which you pick up and you learn on the job really curious to know what you eat in space to watch for good. see, we had to choose between empty dishes. her and her of course said that it, it could be laid out like a, like

a buffet on. so you had to go to the larder and select whatever you wanted. and that is a whole you way of eating. there we go. it. and in fact, even the way the food was prepared, ah, like rice was prepared and in a manner such that the grains would stick to each other so that they don't fly about and 0 gravity. so you had to gov a piece out with your spoon and put it in your mouth. so they were non registered and dishes. they were, you know, while we were under training, we were introduced or different kinds of foods. and that's when they found out who was fond of white. and they used to make sure that when that crew goes up, those dishes are available. those thing in the tins and bread zen with honey and stuff and where it was lovely. and yet at least my appetite increases. i, i over it, i the, i felt the need for more mustard. you know,

because because the taste buds gonna come alive. i saw it was, it was nice. there's no problem at all. so did you do any sort of special exercises to stay fit out there? now you do because i'm, when i believe that when you're not using muscles and remember the hot is also a muscle. it tends to get d condition when you are in 0 gravity. so because nothing weighs so exercises you don't do. so you have to find ways to lord your body either from a cardiovascular standpoint, all from her, from the, from the, for the muscle tone to return. so you, you do a good of dynamic tension. your do the bit of running or cycling her over there, just so that you get, give yourself

a cardiovascular massage. and so there are techniques and that's how you would skin . so i have for the, for more than $400.00 days. now let's see how, what solutions that come up with when you actually walk to the more known and other planets. you spoke to the den, prime minister off india, indira gandhi from there. what did she say to you? well, but she got off of lead the questions richer, i would say the arrest of the observers in our country were keen to know the answers off so. so naturally the question, one of the questions was, she congratulated all of us for having completed our training and her having a successful launch. and they love, of course, the inevitable question as to how india looks from space. so. so one have to describe that. in fact, i would say that i did try my best to share that experience because no

one of the programs from orbit was when i was given a video camera and i took it around the spur salute 7 and through the windows showed them how the earth looks it was my attempt to share the lovely visuals with my countrymen. would you likes to return to space? i would yes. ah, i would. what i would like to return as a tourist. reason being that her space is such a inexpensive activity that when i was there last, each minute of the space flight was one, had to do something or the other to make the flight productive. so there was no time really to pressure knowles against the window and look at the world. go by. so i don't mind going back again. but as a tourist, back of a di,

did you have any astronaut for all models? of like i said this, this fell out of the blue into my lap and all of us, of course, you do that govern was a, was a, the one who started it on. and then he was entered in there and that was created quite a splash. so these were household names you to go to her and allen shepherd and all these guys. but it was only later that when one was actually in this game, one cells that one realised the degree of difficulty. that is there, for example, were in star city, or met icons like well, and that's at a school i like leon of. and then you found out that the kind of stuff they did, they did it for the world 1st time. love went out into open space for an extra curricular activity. now the association of space explorers who were guys like roost mccandless, you read about john young. i mean, these other real heroes,

you know, the because mccandless was untethered, he was, he was flaying floating next to the shuttle without any dinner and her and he was trying out the man maneuvering unit so, so there were a lot of role models. but before i actually went, these are i was all names, but you didn't really know what exactly there did. do you believe in existence or life outside of faith in aliens? perhaps the happy would have to look out. here the, i think we got a little living on this planet, but because there are guys and there, you know, people who are really greedy, who don't bother about her about either the environment for, for personal gain. people who don't her share. oh, well,

i will not take all of this yet all. so we're revising misunderstood the concept of our firm to living an exclusive lifestyle. this business off. oh, rallying under a flag and her protecting your borders and when, when all of us have a common destiny, actually hero and we are interdependent on each other, so. so conflict for profit. oh, i mean, this is a brilliant concept except when it comes to the way india looks at, you know, the inclusiveness. now our, our culture is, is different as we look at the world as one family. so, should doctors the difference talking about aliens, other intelligences. i think it's typically add elegant of us. we

once to think that we are the only intelligent life in this was universe, is just that our sense of distance is limited to ah, whatever we are used to read and science hasn't really yet opened all the doors. we really don't know how we can change dimensions. we don't know what lies on the other side of a black old. maybe there are other universes that other civilizations just that we haven't made contact. but we'll take steps in the army. will me guys if really lever that special? would we behave the ravia behavior is my question and my don't. and therefore i think that has to be alien life more reward than us. an insult. i look forward to that kind of her contact her. i've been a,

i believe font of science fiction, and her, this topic has been covered wildly or by science fiction movies my books. and it resonates with me. do you believe in the next 50 years a thor? we'll be able to open a settlement outside of arts on another planet. maybe. yeah, we, we, from that no logical standpoint, we will be able to open. but whether we are willing to drive anything from it on, on a, on a, on a happen a scale. i have my doubt of primarily because i your, your leaving buttered eyes and going into a desolate area trying to reboot of another butter does. whenever it actual fact a you have not been able to sustain the battery as you are in so, so i would say technologically it will be you will be capable of doing that. but i

would rather that i some kind of regulation comes in me because our track record hasn't been very good at all. so there's not weren't building a far off hill when you have, but it has right here. so let's practice sustainability on planet earth 1st. before we move out, otherwise we're going to after us or de loser, wherever we go in our solar system. i move, we go to get our act, right. we got to see what we've done. we must realize what is the end use of technology. we've never bothered about that. we split the atom and we have made nuclear bombs. yo oh, it's time to get off this belt of fur, shall we say development technology, local development, and ask ourselves some hard questions and get our act rate before we move out. if you were offered to colonize on the planets without the possibility of coming back

to, right, would you take up that offer? yeah, i would, i would do that with the, with the different set of woods. i would do that. i mean, here we already have the united nation office or for outer space affairs, which has got oh, was in 2020 document which stalks off of the, of all to space being for the greater good of human kind by we don't see any results on the ground so, so you know, you got all there has to be alignment or awful vision before we start achieving that, risen if we're gonna continue all in the same way. then all we are doing is exporting conflict from planner to us into our to space. so therefore i need, you need to be i believe you need to be a lot more circumspect. and i think, oh, countries like india, countries like russia, really who we have

a different world view. we have a different l o, clock to space. we talk of cooperation though, we talk or sharing of data, or whereas sir, the western hemisphere, the because of the economic model they're following, it's all about profit and profit is all about exclusion, not inclusion. so, so there are a lot of complex things to be taken care of. so yes, sir, i would encourage because ultimately, the factors, the human race is at risk if some asteroid comes and hits us. and we do not have a copy for a gentleman anywhere else. so so yes, we do need a back up plan, but not as chaotic as, as we have now. and we need people to the enlist more

in, in the future of human kind and which has to be inclusive and nordic schools. ah, i think in the south there is a much clearer understanding of the causes meeting up to this crisis. even though the best in position is that it is an unprovoked i think that wilma, so understand that this is part of the u. s. lead to best strategy for the content men afresh. now, on the pathway to the containment of china with name met boston shipping a port for me. so then on this, it'll be a credit card. now blastocysts that will sort of be the she did. so do you know us

to pay them? why don't you let us but that's an agronomist. i'm ash a washer lien in the one on the dish route for joseph michelle at his law to me on i who's the bully says that it says yes or beast almost didn't mind you. me a way to get with animals continue listening. that's giving a quick question. yes. i was just shortly. thank you. me see any symptoms who soccer practice to make it up or not the the order. i largely nicko her who was shy. you put in a 2nd, a little boys, even a lynch, her schooling out of the 50 garage, anna. oh, that will see michelle does own so the saw snow so on. if we don't ask for you one,

she'll political from on. i solo up to a, from the saw dang, whiskey america. both so much so much missing store to see go out to billy is a, is a 0 about the all you last for they were foggy 0. i had a note on there. palmer, she is planning on runaway know premier ah ah, during the 2nd world war in nazi occupied, poland, virginia was a farming region. today is part of ukraine between 1943 and 945 members of the ukrainian insurgent army, led by stepan. bandera could thousands of poles in virginia, in a diabolical ethnic cleansing process. the murders were particularly horrific and brutal villages were burned and property looted the bellini. a massacre is without doubt, one of the bloodiest episodes in polish ukrainian history. why are ukrainian politicians still reluctant to talk about these events?

how to modern day ukraine and poland view this tragedy of the past? and why does the memory of belinda still divide people ah, since the beginning of its history, the united states of america has officially declared the striving for freedom and people's rights to happiness. however, in reality, having won independence, american colonists headed for the total extermination of the indigenous population of the continent, american indians were deprived of their land. local residents were driven into reservations and given the worst agricultural territories. while the best land was appropriated by white colonizers, the strongest blow to american indian tribes was the extermination of buys of

native americans lived by hunting these wild animal, colonists slaughter the bison, and in fact, made them nearly extinct. every buffalo dead is in indian gone, said colonel richard, a veteran of the bloody and vicious indian wars cynically the indigenous population was simply exterminated. u. s. army general phillips sheridan expressed the essence of this policy in the infamous words, the only good india is a dead indian, the genocide of native americans of north america lead to a demographic catastrophe. the exact number of deaths is still unknown, but the number of victims is in millions having been the majority on the continent before the indigenous people make up less than 3 percent of the us population today . ah,

ah ah, i need to unite efforts to counteract unilateral pressure. that's the message from survey la rob as rushes top diplomat visits venezuela in the past few years, it's become clear to everyone that dependence on the u. s. jolla dependence on those principles of globalization that the, the sales have been introducing for many years, which it does not lead to any good question, but everything was said under the orders all set. you can do my interview more than 90 percent of the ally of our wagner group fighter claims. he was blackmailed by human rights for july about the russian military.