jonathan, i believe it was either ah ah ah ah ah ah, the experience itself i, i mean the nuts and bolts of it, the training, et cetera,

that that wasn't too difficult. so in that sense, it was underwhelming and i bought up the experience of being up there and looking at the planet that was quite out of the ordinary air. and i did doesn't leave you was very impactful. and then now when you return back that way, when you look at the colonel for a response, you get because it, before i compared to today, spaceflight was still a bit of a novelty or so. and especially in india, in india, because we never had any activity like duct saw. so that was difficult or so people generally reacted so much to the image which was built up there. and there was only one tv channel at that time so. so in effect, her space came into the drawing room. so for our indians and that she

made quite an impact with them. so as a result of that, the adulation then all was some day one was when he unprepared for so bad. so that is the difficult part, but then again, if you look at it as a, as, as a professional, like i sent, ah, the a flight itself, the professional part of it somehow was not challenging enough. i would say. primarily because a lot of control was autonomous. done by the computers and there we were bigger test file that we wanna fire to ballad before that. oh, we're used to more hands on control. so it affect, it was like waiting to see what happens. so you are just a curious on rocha both during the transit. yeah, it did take us something to adapt to 0 gravity that took some doing

because you can't replicate bug i the exact conditions on ground, therefore you're not trained for that. so you kind of learning on the job. so that was i would say the segment that was a bit challenging. but otherwise, back a day you chose to participate in the program. how difficult was the competition? and why do you think that you were chosen? her? i tell you of anybody anybody and i think we were probably about a 1000000000 of that time. if you had us anybody, anybody would of wanted to go because it was, it was such an wellness, call it and out of the world experience. ah. so who would want a piece of that action? ah, but to be quite frank. oh, i never ever dreamed. it wasn't one of my dreams. of course i dreamt of being

a fighter pilot and i became one luckily. have but never ever thought of going into space because our country never had a manned space program. so it would have been true tile to just even think about. so i never thought about her. but oh, it was ours was a different i think our flight was before it's time. even now. we are just prepared a biopsy. next year we'll be sending our owner indian astronauts a border e bay indian launchers using indian technology. so we're talking about what happened 40 years earlier. so, so really speaking from, from my planning standpoint of israel was really not ready to get into this part or for expiration is so was just busy with the, with the satellite program. so,

but because that then soviet russia, well wanted it, i was, i have beneficiary of the cold war, i would say, because there was competition going on between america and russia. and russia wanted to wander the world to know that india is with then in their can. so they offered that flight to india. gander is so, like i said, was not keen. and then mrs. gandy offered the flight to the the net force and ready gladly and an air force grab dick the re lucky ah, to be the right guy at the right place of the right time. so could you tell us a bit about your ras, soviet colleagues, your interactions with them? the crews were, i mean, they were like, like a via does anywhere in the world. we have a special bond. so in that sense that done, i was the only guy doing the 1st flight. there were 3 of us,

the other 2 years militia than good. now, this circle of a boss were had already floated to space. so there was that sense of comfort with them. and um, and i the, i think all in all it was a, it was already a truthful interaction. oh, dear, good. the mentoring. and there was no problem whatsoever. where was the so you steam be a stand wherever you will train we did our training in oh, outside moscow that star city does the unit go gonna lead space sir facility the training facility and our that's where we trend. and then we moved to buy conner from where the launch took miss. so the final part of the training, just prior to the launch a practiced, ah, the last minute things like docking,

if it won't go well them. how do we are still managed to retrieve? ah, the space way to sell because if you can dockwood the laboratory, then you can do any experiments. so, so that's but all the training was in moscow out of moscow. joe's and he got out of that star city. do you remember your fears? if any, in the process or preparing for your 1st flight, i wasn't experienced just by that. by the time i was select 10, i would say that her all, i won't even sail military aviators, olivia, to us, her reconciled with the prospect of it bigger riskier profession than what everybody thinks, dor today. i would say that crossing a road where this traffic is equally to ski, her baton being a riskier profession. some are we all of us professionals of come to cummings by

then. so there was no fear at battle level and not. and the way i processed the fact that i would not be in control, and that my destiny is going to be shaped by a computer. ah, it'll shoot, i have to worry. and so therefore i, i just took it in my straight. okay? if it works, it works, it doesn't work, but then i was not the 1st guy going up. so when he had been there before me and, and then they returned to. so, i mean, i really wasn't worried that on i was an observer. what are your 1st talk to when you realized that you were actually in faith? it was an absolutely stunning no. of course, by that time, i would say gotten, went up in the c early sixty's and the americans followed thereafter. so there was

a lot of material already in the media in terms of photographs and things. so why really knew what, what to expect? and there were color photographs, but when you actually go up there and the experience, the, or i would say the environment to go, you're floating all the time. suddenly you're not used to that. and, and the visuals are absolutely stunning. and it's, you know, in a very impactful way, at the scale on which things are and i, i would say that that gives you a wider perspective of your own existence. no. then therefore, you start, you will return as somebody who was a lot more mindful about the fact that there is no other place now, which is as comfortable as planet earth. and therefore, oh, we really needs to look after that and not to we need to take care of the

sources and use them frugally and not do what we are doing because we are systematically, i think you do agreed a deal to our so quarter development. but we are exhausting the limited resources which planet earth has got an bab. therefore you come back with a with a changed perspective in that sense, how long will you in faith for we went up in the saw us. we'd docked with the salute. we transferred to the side you through a tunnel which was formed due to the coupling of her. so use of the solute and we lived in the solute which essentially is a steel cylinder, much smaller, smaller than this. oh, and then that's it. we worked there for so it was in that confined space. we

stayed for 8 or days hub, but that's no great shakes because the way to record us $400.00 plus days. so. so sir, it's a wonderful place to wizard, but a difficult place to work in i would say everything keeps flying because there's no gravity. so all your a da asks you have to do it sequentially. so you can't let things keep it on the table. i mean, everything would be flying off the table. so one by one, you gotta do those stocks and it takes a lot longer. we need a lot more patience. she leaves a lot more diligence. but that's, this is something which you pick up and you learn on the job. and you really curious to know what you eat in space to watch for good. see, we had to choose between 80 dishes now and her. of course it,

it could be laid out like a, like a buffet. and so you had to go to the larder and select whatever you wanted. and that is a whole, you way of eating. there we go. it. and in fact, even the way the food was prepared, ah, like rice was prepared and in a manner such that the greens would stick to each other so that they don't fly about and 0 gravity. so you had to gov, piece out with your spoon and put it in their mouth. so they were non registered and dishes. they were you know, while we were under training, we were introduced or different kinds of foods. and that's when they found out who was fond of worked and days to make sure that when that crew goes up, those dishes who are available, those thing in the tins. and maria die, the i, if now you do, because i find ways to lord your body either from

a cardiovascular standpoint, all from her, from the, from the, for the muscle tone to her tongue. so you, you do a good of dynamic tension. you do the bit of running or cycling her over there just so that you get, give yourself a cardiovascular massage. and so there are techniques and that's how he was can. so i have for the, for more the former days. now let's see how, what solutions that come up with when you actually walk to the more known and other planets. you folks do that then prime minister off india indira gandhi from there. what did she say to you? well, but she got off her lead the questions richer, i would say the arrest of the observers in our country were keen to know the answers off so. so naturally the question, one of the questions was,

she congratulated all of us for having completed our training and having a successful launch. and they law of course, the inevitable question as to how india looks from space. so. so one have to describe that. in fact, i would say that i did try my best to share that experience because no one of the programs from orbit was when i was given a video camera and i took it around the spur salute 7 and through the windows showed them how the earth looks it was my attempt to share the lovely visuals with my countrymen. would you like to return to space? i would yes. ah, i would. what i would like to return as a tourist. reason being that her space is such a inexpensive activity that when i was there last,

each minute of the space flight was one, had to do something or the other to make the flight productive. so there was no time really to precious nose against the window and look at the world. go by. so i don't mind going back again. but as a tourist, back in the day, did you have any astronaut for all models? of like i said, this fell out of the blue into my lap and all of us, of course you do, i govern was a, was a, the one who started it on. and then he was entered in there and that was created quite a splash. so these were household names you to go to an alan shepard and all these guys. and it was only later that when one was actually in this game, one cells that one realized the degree of difficulty. that is there, for example, were in star city. you met, i cause leg valentin,

that's at her school. i like leon of and then you found out that the kind of stuff they did, they did it for the world. first time leon of went out into open space for an extra curricular activity. now the association of space explorers, you had guys like bruce mccandless. you wrote about john young. i mean these other real heroes, your own, the because mccandless was untethered. he was, he was flaying floating next to the shuttle without any dinner and her. and he was trying out the man maneuvering unit so, so there were a lot of role models. but before i actually went, these are i was all names, but you didn't really know what exactly they did. do you believe in existence, off life, outside of faith in aliens? perhaps the patient would have to look out here the i think we got

a little living on this planet. but because there are guys and there 0 people who are really greedy, who don't bother about her about either the environment for personal gain. people who don't share. well, what i want to do was the only fully independent, stayed on the continent, back in 1896. it's inhabitants were able to defeat the italian colonies and defend their independence. since then, rome craved for revenge for the humiliating defeat. in the morning of october, 3, 1935. without any announcement, the fascists attacked ethiopia and bombarded it most severely. ethiopian armed forces fought courageously, but the brutality of the italians knew no bounds. they used not only massive

bombing attacks on civilians, but also chemical weapons, toxic gases. this change the course of the war. as a result of the occupation of ethiopia by the fascist 760000 people were killed. the capture of the african state was committed with europe stats at approval. britain and france recognized the annexation giving the green light to further fascist expansion in the world and bathing the way for the outbreak of world war 2 for next week. got oh, what was it from from dominion was, could the good richer, knowledgeable there was born on, on an eunice, to fuel. and i was at all as an untrue chewed coach but can readily let them know when this, when this is this issue though, i think they

invited you thing and then you see the meaning of an issue. but what came got on your tongue organization when you pull mother pointed to moustache christian one potential with you, which is welcome for this should reduce.