yes, suggesting that russia was going to destabilize moldova. well, as it turns out, the, you beat them to beat everyone to it in the stabilize every country, or at least it's a very and sector on which it probably depends with brussels unique brand of incompetence. and so much for you creating giving a toss of all those interests when that doesn't involve an opportunity to also bash russia keeps response to kitchen hours a tab that self preservation has been to bowie and threaten one of the poorest countries in europe. that depends heavily on it's a gray in economy because self preservation in this case doesn't suit keeps interest. the eu has already tried to fix its own mass by tossing tens of millions of arrows at the problem to subsidize the losses of you farmers, their own farmers. so what are they going to do now to pay for the damage that their incompetence is now inflicted on non e u member molto vi as well?

all they really had to do was to follow through on their very basic and explicit promise to ensure the safe passage of grain to africa and asia through europe. and instead they just ended up dumping it all over themselves. was like some kind of toddler in need of parental supervision. where's the young presidents knew that the silva has to quite defined to the julie, the songs was put behind fonts for revealing trickery by the us? a voice goes on, at least it's an embarrassment. the journalist for the analysis recreate by want states against the melodies arrest, it's condemned to die in jail and who do nothing to free him. that's a crazy thing. the guys in prison because he didn't else recurring the guy doing the analysis and it's in vulgar denalis, the state will supply and then all those. and that became a crime against the journalist the past, which the fast freedom of the trash does nothing to free him to us as long as

because they so it's a 175 years in the us prison off the his website, which he leeks revealed clause to find information on us will crimes in a rock and they've got this. i've got histone another mind me a bu, jamal, a renowned american journalist on civil rights activist to cover police brutality and corruption was convicted of murder despite contesting the credibility of much of the prosecution's evidence. this, the international concluded the case was highly politicized on violated fed trial standards chief all the outputs, newspapers, washington bureau side, archives say the psalms was jailed for publicizing a real story, a doing assign jimmy, that is a start case. he's been in prison for so long and for what see, he did what any good journalists would do, which is you look into the real story and not to be able to sources. so that's why you get, that is really and the hard. and yeah,

is the hard core of the 1st amendment and this country for americans and so on. so you know, a good for the good should be good for the. yeah. and or you can have a certain standards for you as drivers, for instance, here of operating in the us and for non us citizens who are operating outside ad, but able to do it. yeah, you get to the bottom of the story and not be obligated to be alert sources. so yes, julie and assigned is a perfect example as the hypocrisy of such an initiative. meanwhile, earlier this week, the us state department most a program to assist journalists outside the us. the announcement came as the well as month press freedom day on wednesday. look forward to shield and to provide legal assistance and kind of a court expenses for journalists who may be targeted by the own governments. eligible media outlets most paid us and criteria on facebook. they kind of the russian not listed being bonds in the us and europe since assault of ukraine.

conflicts lost in american officials have underlines the importance of fighting so called russian propaganda urging the shut down of such tunnels around the world. the russian foreign ministry accused the west of cracking down on anyone who doesn't support bad narrative. a legend let those go get an estimate as good just as just some kind of smoke cri on a slate on the nice of nations to china. rule assembly. the side of major freedom of the press unesco drawing attention to the problem and all these, um and their refusal to issue these as to russian. generalise who assigned to the united nations of all is m as many as of harassment of one of the world's leading investigative journalist jenna in the song she molded. i'm at the bowling of any media which doesn't fits into the global term that unites the number of media references that uh, it's this information formation for everyday people. the us address was those congress. he's waiting a regulatory bill that would force internet companies such as google to find

a report and legal material, imposing hefty fines for failures to do so. if pulse the new law would establish policies and deadlines for removing this information from social media and messaging apps and required tech companies to file transparency reports, google try to sway public opinion by publishing a full page advertisement and the local resilience paper. asking people to speak out against the legislation will have accused the american company of and even to syrians and the debates in congress. i have was public campaigning was that it's not the only country that has recently drafted a bill concerning the distribution of false information. those to send, but india also presents a draft data protection bill introducing its own restrictions on entities like google and walks up. indian i t experts have on the go says the internet is regulated by governments, which tech companies must comply with. every solving government has got these soldiers. i do for service providers within that stage to jurisdiction,

to go ahead and comply with the national. the reason for this is internet has read geography history, but when you're in a particular district, didn't that particular jurisdictions laws? what do we have. ready service providers like google, i don't really use the spectrum create exception to legal liability, as is provided to them under the us to us. it is a section of the communications decency act of this act, which he gives complete immunity. to also is the wireless, which means the flaws to the fire on their platforms. they are not going to be responsible most of the time inviting the countries across the world. i'm not missing something subscribed to the point. countries like brazil, companies like india are wanting more accountability and transparency. just once

the 1st light is to be more attractive to be more accountable for use that's happening with the platform and to inform the statutes or to use. because on most the latest allow websites on a dot com for the back at the top of the hours. the lithium ion batteries have taken the world by storm and racing years as they are the most popular battery storage option today controlling more than 90 percent of the global read market. over the last decade, a search and lithium ion battery production has low to 85 percent decline, and prices making eaves commercially viable for the 1st time in history. i and christy i and you're watching the cost of everything we're today. we're going to be delving into the cost of batteries,

that is power and today's electric revolution. the batteries are extremely high in demand. as electric vehicle sales are growing rapidly, the cost of lithium has risen from $6000.00 per tonne in 2020, to over $78000.00 a tonne in 2022, which is a 13 fold increase in less than 2 years. the boom and price has been a result of searching energy prices strengthening the demand for electric vehicles . and also the rapid advancement in which hardwell battery technology. lithium demand is expected to rise from 500000 tons of lithium carpeted equivalent in 2021 . to somewhere between 3 to 4000000 tons in 2030. that is over a 300 percent increase. now in 2021, australia was the world leader in lithium production,

producing 55000 tons. she low a 2nd, a 26000 tons and china 3rd at 14000 tons. but while australia dominates the mining of lithium, the production of the actual battery however, is dominated by china. china produced 79 percent of all lithium ion batteries in the global market in 2021. so due to the small supply base, the price of the mineral and subsequent battery is extremely subject to fluctuations. and due to the reliance on the supply chains of chinese manufacturers, all the products that require lithium ion battery is downstream like electric vehicles, cell phones, laptops, etc. they're all facing a lithium shortage. a test, a model as battery contains about 12 kilograms of lithium, which makes the company extremely reliant on the consistent production of lithium. and as a result of the surgeon demand the global lift, the mining market is expected to grow from $3300000000.20 to $6400000000.00 by

2030 auto manufacturers. lightford and tesla had begun investing in new extraction methods, such as direct lithium extraction, or d, l e. they expect that this new extraction method will be crucial to making up the for fall of lithium, needed to facilitate the increase in demand. many of these new extraction methods have yet to be scaled up for commercial use, as the has only been commercially used in argentina and china to date. if it is scaled up, it is expected to boost existing capabilities via increased recoveries, lower operating costs, while also improving the sustainability aspects. ok, so now let's bring in nic montez, p h d, candidate at the department of mechanical engineering at stanford university. now, how many lithium deposits are available in the world? so i think when talking about lithium deposits, we have to sort of distinguish between reserves and resources. so

a resource really refers to the total amount of lithium in a given location. whereas a reserve refers to that portion of the lithium which can be extracted today using like current technology and an economically viable fashion. so the way, so if we look at global reserves of lithium, about 80 percent of all lithium reserves and some 95 percent of all lithium production. really all comes from 4 countries. um, this is julie argentina, australia and china. there are a handful of other countries with no resources, but really at this time they would say those that lived in this not economically viable is let the mighty at the current pace even sustainable for the future. so i think if, when you say sustainable, if you mean are we, are risk of running out of the lithium in are the positives? the short answer is no. there's,

there's no risk of completing the deposits. if we look at most, olivia mining in the world right now occurs in australia and at their 2022 production rates compared to their known reserves. they have about a 100 years worth of supply. but that being said, both of those numbers are highly changing. so the production of lithium is expected to grow from 2020 to 2030, to expect it to grow by anywhere from like a factor and a 2 main, 2 main sources. i think the more pressing by staying at least in the short term is whether production will scale up quickly enough to meet demands. and we've seen in the past of, especially around like 20182020 drops. and the price of with them have resulted in producers being a little bit hesitant to scale up their production. so if, if that is the case, and if we aren't meeting demand in real time,

then we could see some supply and change the supply chain shortages. and can you explain the difference between traditional lift and lining versus d l e? so traditional lithium mining, we can kind of look at as, as broadly bring being broken into 2 phases. the 1st phase and false actually extract in the rock from the earth and isolating the mineral, that is friction with them. and this is largely a physical process and balls a lot of grinding and pulverizing of rock and separating it based on density. the 2nd phase in this process is more a mixture of physical and chemical processes, and this includes a very high temperature and the length of this lithium rich mineral up to 1100 degrees celsius and then some additional grinding and pulverizing. and finally, a leaching of the pm out of this mineral, using large quantities of stuff, your gas it, um, and this is in contrast to the,

the lithium that we see in brian's, where largely the lithium is just pumped up to the surface and then put in large of aspiration ponds and this is, is a large amount of both land and water and over time they're able to, to extract lithium. so this is kind of where the lee or direct and lithium extraction comes in. so daily refers to methods that extracted lithium from brian that don't depend on this sort of traditional evaporation technique. most d, l e methods involved in some way or another, a nano scale material that facilitates the extraction of flip, you know, so this could be a membrane as selected by a membrane that isolates the lithium ions from everything else in the solution. it could be sort of in that selectively binds to lithium, and then you can collect of serpents and basically collect your lithium. and sort

of just the common theme is that you're using materials to facilitate the extraction. daily is very much in sort of the incentives infancy at least impaired, who has more traditional methods and to my knowledge, there aren't any demonstrations of the techniques beyond so just the pilot plan demonstrations. and are there significant differences in costs and environmental impacts? yeah, so when we look at a traditional lithium mining, it's certainly leaves a lot to be desired from an environmental standpoint. beyond simply be impact of the actual mining operation itself. so some of these other steps in the process of a significant carbon footprint. so this side temperature kneeling, also, lithium, bridge mineral use is a tremendous amount of energy. and often times the source of this energy is full onset results and a lot of carpet emissions. additionally, the, the use of self,

you're a gas, it in large quantities basically results in large waste streams that has to be handled properly. um, so there is a significant environmental impact there. the g l e methods because they're so young and because we don't see any of them deployed at industrial scale. i don't think we have a full understanding of their full environmental impacts. but if we were to just look at lithium extraction from brian using the more traditional technique of, of, of aspiration in terms of just energy inputs. um, the traditional mining is anywhere from like $4.00 to $5.00 times larger than this evaporation based method. so i, i do think there are a significant reason to believe that the methods offer a less environmentally intensive method of extracting with them further more often times when we see the projects proposed, they're actually coupled to geothermal power generation infrastructure.

this is because some of the, brian's people are interested in extracting lithium from some of these d l e based. brian's are actually have quite high temperature. so you can pump these, brian's up to the surface. use some of that heat from the brian to actually run a power generation cycle, appraised them clean electricity, and then your lithium essentially is a byproduct of that process. so that way you can sort of reduce the environmental impact of a lithium source from printers to awesome. thank you so much, nick montez, but please stick around. and when we come back, how much we live in shortage, impacting us is planned to have all car sales by 2030 to be these don't go way the

welcome back to the costs of everything. now there are risk that shortages and lifting will impact goals like the us has planned to have all car sales by 2030 to

be the you also wants to ban all internal combustion engines by 2035 due to the lack of supply of batteries and lithium, though, is not the most and modeling mentally and south america still and causes air contamination for percent of the local population has rejected these mining plants despite the mining companies promising that it would create more jobs for the locals. and sheila list, the mining takes up approximately 65 percent of the water sources. and this high water requirements puts a halt, deforming activities in many parts of the world, and causes an acute water shortage in many areas. large scale lithium extraction also requires plenty of land. most miners have to take fertile pieces of land away from their local ecosystems, destroying natural habitats and minerals that plants require to grow. according to the wall street journal lithium ion battery mining and production was determined to

be worse for the climate than the production of fossil fuel vehicle batteries by over 3 times. however, once the car batteries are produced, their rate of fossil fuel emissions become much lower than a gas powered car. to dispose of the batteries at the end of their life cycle is also a growing concern. as these batteries contain less toxic waste than other kinds of batteries, but still 98 percent of them end up in landfills. this massive influx of batteries and landfills significantly increases the chance of landfill fires that can burn 40 years. just like when you see a test, the battery catch on fire, it just doesn't go out. when a gas power vehicle catches fire, it can usually be extinguished. was 700 gallons of water carried by a single fire truck ease. on the other hand, with lithium batteries, on average, take 6000 gallons of water before it is completely put out. the battery fires are becoming increasingly more common with 21 fire supported in 2018. rising to 47 by

2020 to and for more let's bring in again nick montez page, the candidate at the department of mechanical engineering at stanford university. so what is the life span of your standard evie lithium ion battery? and how should batteries be properly disposed of for consumers? yeah, so for starters, we definitely don't want to simply throw them in the trash. this is primarily a safety concern, but also an environmental one. so um, you know, once once something started, the garbage can easily be crushed. and if there was internal damage to the components in your battery, this could actually result in a fire as some of the components in that battery are fine level. um and even if there are no fire events, uh, the presence of this material in landfills and large quantities could potentially lead to, you know, toxic chemicals reaching our ground water. so we want to avoid that. i think

ideally as much material in the battery as possible would be recycled. and i think the current state of lithium recycling makes this a somewhat difficult argument to make on an economic or environmental brown. not to say that those processes will continue to continue to improve. but arguably, the most compelling reason for recycling is released supply chain one. given that lift, the really only comes from a handful of countries around the world and that there is a potential, at least in the short term of supply chain challenges. i think there is it certainly um, interested in the cycling simply to secure an additional stream of lithium. and are there alternative forms of retard will batteries out there that are more efficient? what will it take to bring the cost basis down so that it can become more mainstream? um, so from a transportation perspective,

i don't think that's likely anywhere in the short term, lithium has an advantage of being very energy dense. and it's also a very well established technology, kind of getting it spent start with consumer electronics and eventually working his way into the transportation sector. so at least i would say in the next 2030 years timeframe, i don't see that being the case. there are other battery technologies, though that do have certain advantages outside of the context of transportation. so when we start talking about a bridge, scale, battery stories, things of that nature where you're not as much concerned about the, the weight of your battery itself. because a much larger, you know, area to store it and all that. there are other, other technologies that exist in some of the ones that differs substantially from lithium ion would be like the medium flow batteries and things of that nature. medium flow battery. and i'm, i'm definitely not like a, an expert in this area,

but a medium flow battery is substantially different from lithium lithium ion battery. rather than having individual cells that are then passed in, in some modules of a medium flow battery looks a lot more like a sort of a chemical processing system. so you have large chains of liquid that are actually they undergo a chemical change. and in that process, they can be used to mole store and then uh, and then convert energy into electricity. and for that reason, dates, there's really no no way of putting them on transportation systems. and it seems like, while most electronic components use lithium batteries, the industry is the most dependent. and carmakers are pouring money into our research. but do you think it's even possible for the majority of petro powered

vehicles to convert to evie and where will we get all the power to power all these batteries that need to be charged every night? right. i think we'll just continue to see the adoption of lithium ion battery is there for, for the foreseeable future. in addition to that, i think we'll see, you know, gradual shift away. and there's a lot, much of this is the legislative region reasons, but a shift away from internal combustion engines. so whether there is a role for hybrid vehicles to play in this transition, it seems to be an open debate. there are certain advantages to hybrid vehicles, but certainly there are also, you know, environmental disadvantages. but really i would say for the next 1520 years i think we're just going to continue to see more adoption with the mind. batteries. battery technology is the way of the future. but what kind of battery lithium ion battery is we're main dominant for now,

but there are new technologies that are promising to revolutionize the industry. solid state batteries is a close contender, as these are far more energy dense. lighter, more compact and safer than traditional lithium ion battery, since they have no dangerous liquids inside solid state units reduce the risk of fires as well. something that has been quite problematic with e v spontaneously combusting, while parked and many automakers are working hard on the technology, but the price to cost threshold hasn't been cost yet. these batteries are hard to develop and so expensive to produce, that we are still a few years out before the tech because main stream, the other researchers are arguing that new battery technology needs to be developed using more common environmentally friendly materials. and they are looking into things like graphing batteries or salt water batteries. i'm christy. i. thanks for watching. i will see you back here next time on the cost of everything.

the yes or no both countries got to call but the european agenda is dave about the to go the changes to the per section of the security in europe. but now they can see the are the security on the basis of the confrontation that was not to date, plastic ball. and the main idea about the western counselors to until 20 years ago, [000:00:00;00]

the, [000:00:00;00] the upper left hand reveals that he was the one of the driver's feet when an alleged you crazy and agent destination had called on injuring the russian right to, and politicians about killing his passenger we killed russians, and we will keep telling them that's the message from ukraine's intelligence case. when questions on kids involvement and lost his assassination of russian journalist donnie is gonna be our big agrees to reinstate serious membership and a lot of small reconciliations following 12 years. to fall out of the military