just to trade raw materials that have been exported from here for centuries, but to make products that will have added value and be in demand. and of course, today's africa is immeasurably more aware of its identity and is increasingly insistently demanding for itself an equal place in the emerging multi polar world order, including through proper and fair representation in the un security council, which russia supports. so to get all of those visits and walls and they can be a pest control, is that followed after i think provides very good snapshots of the changes happening within the international system. because many african countries, as we have been reporting for all of this visits, have taken the position of neutrality. when it comes to the conflict in ukraine, they refused to succumb to the west. some pressure to impose sanctions against russia or, you know, terminate financial energy or other sorts of deals with the russian federation. but

they did that, not out of a support for russia blog because of that own interest and as to the level such today of the press conference. this is, you know, demonstration that africa is not what it used to be. you know, africa wants to be treated with dignity, it wants to be treated with respect to it once. it doesn't want to be a rubber stamp in the united nations. it wants to take, you know, a self interest, a constructive and substantive role in international affairs. mozambique is a good example of that because it's a country that uh, has had a productive relationship with mosca ever since its independence in know, 1975. it has, has had a pretty vibrant industrial cooperation with the soviet union. and over the last couple of years it's been developing its nomic ties with most calls. but as of the most, i'm big leadership indicated that they intend to do so just as much as they intend

to develop ties with ukraine and many of the western partners bought on uh, a mutually beneficial basis. one thing i wanna mention is that most of the big itself is no stranger to armed conflicts. it's face the very bloody civil war. back in the 1990. it is still suffering from militant insurgency in the north of the country, but the position of mos on because that all conflicts need to be settled through direct dialogue. and this is once again, something that most unbecoming officials read to write to today that if your premium conflict is to be subtle, besides me to be in direct communication with one another. so do it. but for some, the, for that as we stress the need for the entire international community to see the local solutions to local problems. all presidents emphasize the role of russia in the mediation of numerous conflicts,

including the ukranian conflict. in particular, the chinese initiative emphasizing the need for direct dialogue between countries. he also welcome the efforts of the russian federation to organize the 2nd rusher, africa for him, and expressed readiness if necessary to contribute to the establishment of peace and good neighborliness between russia and ukraine. now uh, there was also a very interesting question about, uh, the rumors uh, a surface by the american ambassador to south africa about the suppose it a trade, a weapons trade between south africa and russia. russian foreign minister said that this was an issue of a strictly by intellectual relations, that restaurant and south africa comply with international law when it comes to any sorts of trade, including military trade. if american ambassadors have any issues or doubts about that they should mind their own business are used to be addressed as if we're

talking about the topic of arm supplies. i would reiterate. we never violate international norms. as for our western counterparts, they do violate them because they have declared neutrality in regards to the events in ukraine. but they keep pumping this country with huge amounts of modern, long range and unsafe weapons that are also unsafe for those using them. i'm talking about depleted uranium emulation to us, they supply weapons to the resumes whose official representatives openly threatened to kill all russians and all of them. so i think american ambassador should think about how they look in the eyes of foreign audiences. now a villa rufus also asked about the difference and approaches between russia and the west. when he said that one of the reasons why he travels so extensively is to communicate the russian position uh to many of its international partners, which is a far cry from what, uh, or rather how the westfield behaves itself. essentially telling other countries to

comply with the so called rules western didn't devised rules rules that served to preserve western head, germany. and uh, so essentially, according to some people have rufus sense, that according to sort of a low profile are aimed at you know, continuing this old uh order of leaving at the expense of other countries. he accused the west directly of exploiting africa and many other parts of the world. and he said that the many countries do not want to go on with that. as a colonial is scramble for resources in south africa is being remembered today. this wednesday, march the 100 and 21st anniversary of the end of the 2nd for war. one of the biggest and bloodiest conflicts the british fought before world war one. at the dawn of the 20th century, britain claimed the lives of some 70000 people and its conquests for south african

gold. was anything but a fair fight with 500000 british soldiers facing off against 88000 bo or troops due to an unknown. and difficult terrain for the british though, the bar republic against the upper hand at 1st over london is forces quickly prevailed. our chief corresponded catholic often saw me expands on the grim anniversary and how some are seeking to justify the worst brutality. the narrative of this concepts the leaves, or rather between these 2 warring fire insides on the african so has been carried through over many years. and the police and dispute thoughts of the involvement of subjects not only and reading who fault in this war but, and did some of the worst pain. and say facts, blacks are employed in the concentration camps, the main with as many as you supply and age 14 and well, the transporting food and weapons as well as animal feats. the women on the other hand, as well as the children are not stayed as the woods and the concentration comes as assistance to the good woman whose role was to feed the front line commandos. now,

the british fleet suits in using the bleckley by his 5 and the movement of the fluids, as well as helping that which is navigates the south african landscape. now many of these black men and women died not as a result of the voice self fact from what support diseases from the overcrowding in those concentration camps, as well as plus invitation, entering t 19 a purchase. and to defend that the actions of his full fathers during a dialogue about winston churchill, his legacy. now jacob reese mould was justifying concentration. came steering an appearance on pvc christian time. while these concentration camps held black and we'll women and children against a will often abruptly approaching them from the funds was over 27000 of them died at those can only 6000 men died as a result of the voice of that wood which is empty and says that the formation of the camps will for the safety, south african concentration camps have exactly the same mortality rate as existing

laws go at the time. so that not a good thing, but where else will people going to live the use of concentration down the numbers of those that perished during the will remain conclusive for the foot. and the british, that alarmingly the black messages who account for launch a percentage of the dates remain. i know which is campaign. i mean to be a clubhouse has come out with the latest evidencing how look more was the heat of the which is ami had seen since or other had brothers since outlets is to live or other, he seems to be able to read the situation in south africa at the time, he also writes switches that meets the atrocities close to the buzz and the natives of the land, ease and keep scores of children that were dying and how the conditions in that comes will atrocious. with little to no food as well as milk, basic health care. the theory that all the weekly children being dead, the rate would fall off is not so far borne out by the facts. the strong ones must be dying now, and they will all be dead by the spring of 19

o. 3. i thought we had begun to turn the corner and that after having reached unparalleled heights of mortality in october, we should now show a heavy decline. unfortunately, the figures have risen again. alarmingly. this, the convertible was a complex and lighted concepts that have far reaching consequences for southern africa and the clue. it remains an important event in the history of imperialism and colonialism and serves as a reminder of the human cost of rules and concepts. that's a from, so me, so or to just finish the full assumption is a historian and an author. and he says that the indigenous population was betrayed by the british and placed in concentration camps to keep them from helping the boers. it was the largest kind, it was for the richest region of southern africa. and it led to the creation of the systems minority rule, which became internationally notorious as

a part site during the 20th century. as the war develop into the notorious forms that it develop, such as the concentration camps and the use of the school district policy. those policies were adopted by the british because there was a premium on denying the blood gorillas access to food. and one of the ways in which you could get access to food was to get it from where women and children who were on the phone. that's why they were rounded up, but you could also obtain it from africans at gunpoint. and that made to have that pulled up for comes into the conflict as well. so africans, despite the fact they didn't support the buzz because they were out there on the land and they could become support inadvertently. as a result of corrosion, they will also rounded up into concentration camps. and these were amongst the many ways in which africans became embroiled in the conflicts. a jewish religious school has been built in a west bank outpost, whereas rarely as previously,

withdrew from in 2005 as stipulated in the guise of disengagement plan banning their return to the area. but the newest rarely government has lifted that restriction and brought again to the for the internationally illegal settlements in the region. ortiz, middle east, corresponding maria, an option that takes up the story when it comes to is rarely probably seen in conflict. you hear many stories about palestinian villages surrounded by drew, supplements, and roads, enclaves, cattle from the rest of the west bank. but the story is truly unique due to israel's active construction and supplement expansion. this palestinian house found itself locked from 3 sides by jewish villas and separation wall that the lady that these really occupations always choose as a high location. the overlooks the entire area to live in, in order to fully control it. sadly, my house is on the highest point of the village. so that's family has been living

in this house since 1979. settlers came after and started building all around, including on 10 hector's of land belonging to the high ups. several colt vessels couldn't stop it in 2004 separation. well, security barrier is really rac just following violent. probably stayed in, uprising snaked around how does house to protect his neighbors from him and his family. it doesn't have to be cameras surface. same go when it's rarely security, put a gate in front of the house that only they have control of it got totally locked to go in and out. the family needs permission that they often denied. and the rest of it didn't have a i wish the world would see the truth about these really democracy. i hope they see what they do to the palestinian people, how they steal our land, and put everyone in big and small prisons. my family's life represents the lives of all palestinians. is it such as one to decline? gibbs to leave threatening attacking,

reporting to police. saw that says he and his relatives were injured many times. and he spent 3 months in jail where he was offered money to leave the house. these really authorities attempt to cut this gordon not kinda not of i was recently offered 25000000 dollars and the chance for integration with a 4 and passport for me and my family, but 25 or a 100000000 will not make me think twice this is a legacy for my ancestors, no matter how much they offer an exchange for this land, even if they kill me and my family in this house, i will never leave for mr. willis saw the children he has for can go to the playground only when the gate is open and they know it. they also know that it would be a bad idea to throw something over the wall when they both accidentally flew day once. they were detained for 4 hours and were not released until so i thought i'd signed the paper promising it will not happen again. not surprisingly, the kids did not speak in favor of the neighbors. they used to hurt my grandfather

and make him suffer. they came here to accumulate us. they don't want post time for arabs, they won't post time for themselves, only him to get rid of us. we sold people from the other side of the fence and tried to communicate, but they made it clear that they are not willing to talk and is rarely settlements to the right and is rarely supplemented to the left. so that's house is sandwich, right in the middle. there was also a security road down there and around that the family can not use it for dues, only live here is far from easy. they have had many chances and reasons to move, but they didn't for almost 45 years and say they will never do so as this is the home. reason ocean all tea from bait, aids, valley student administration, and other news over 200 cholera cases in the space of a week had been detected in a town in the democratic republic of congo. 5 people have lost their lives to this

water born disease and fears are mounting that things could escalate rapidly unless more help finds its way to because of the countries east. the, the over this, i think i see my that the device, you know, color a is a disease of does he hands? it is a disease from elsewhere which shows the inequality in the spread of results is in our country. the hospital participates by emphasizing communication on hand hygiene and food hygiene as well. it is in this sense that the hospital intervenes to help bully inhabitants of the south keep you in because who in particular to fight against this disease,

the am i to cannot call it. i will see them get started at night. we wake up in the morning, we took the patient and sent him to the hospital. we think them were so no difficulties when we arrived. they received the patient and treated him, and so far the patient is feeling well. we think the general hospital, the, that's all for this, our stick around for more news coming your way and just about 30 minutes here on our to international the,

the kremlin has very clear deliveries of at 16 jets because of would be an unacceptable escalation. we've heard this form a friend with before, think facts to the weeks before the start, the russia special military operations, the russians work. bluffing that and they're not fluffing. now the, the russian states never is as tight as one of the most sense community best most. i'll send some of the same assistance to father speed. the one else calls question about this,

even though we will bend in the european union, the kremlin mission, the state on the rushes to day and split the ortiz full. even our video agency, roughly all the band on youtube tv services. for what question did you say from stephen twist, which is the, the thousands upon thousands of americans lost their homes during the economic crisis of 20082009, commonly known as the housing level. one of the primary reasons why this happened was because of something called subprime loans. mortgage loans were made to people who simply shouldn't have qualified for them. the reason banks do this is simply

greed. they hope they can guides consumers and keep losses in check. but then what happens when the economy slows at the same time? what happens when people just can no longer make payments? the result is that the entire system falls apart. and that's exactly what happened in 2008. i'm john kerry. aku welcome to the whistle blowers the . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 the housing bubble, economic collapse of 20082009 was the worst period in economic decline since the great depression. indeed, it's called by many the great recession. memoirs by former fed chairman and secretaries of the treasury are clear economic business and banking leaders had no idea how to get themselves out of a crisis caused by greed and with money being too readily available. that greed was

simply providing loans to people who shouldn't have qualified for them and who had no way to pay them back. at the 1st sign of economic trouble. as the economy slowed and unemployment went up, people suddenly fell behind on their payments. hundreds of thousands just walked away from their homes, turned the keys over to the banks and watched. busy everything fell apart, but none of this should have come as a surprise. there was ample warning, but a disaster was approaching. our next guest was one of the people who was warning his leaders about the danger as a chief business underwriter for city group, during the housing bubble and the subsequent financial crisis. richard bowen repeatedly warned executive management and the bank's board of directors, as many as 60 percent of prime mortgages were a risk. he also warned about the risks associated with cities practice of lowering its standards for sub prime mortgages. his warnings were ignored,

and as if that wasn't bad enough, city stripped him of all responsibilities, placed him on administrative leave and told him that his presence at the bank was no longer required. but everything richard said, turned out to be true. he later testified before the securities and exchange commission and he gave nationally televised testimony before the financial crisis. inquiry commission. richard's experience was covered by the renowned news program 60 minutes, as well as by the wall street journal, the new york times and the washington post. as well as other major outlets. richard, thank you so much for joining us. welcome to the show to thank you john. it's a pleasure to meet you as well as be on your show. thank you, sir. the pleasure is all mine, richard for so many americans. the housing bubble hit like a ton of bricks with no warning, but that really wasn't the case. there actually were indications that something terrible was going to happen. when did you 1st see something was a miss?

and what did you do at the very beginning as well in 2006. citigroup was the largest bank in the world. and in early 2006, they consolidated all of their banking operations. very diverse banking up for one inch. and they, um, they consolidated these and they, i received a huge promotion. i was promoted to business chief underwriter. i have responsibility to make sure that the $90000000000.00 a year of mortgages, that citigroup was purchasing from other banks. a mortgage company. now understand citigroup did not make these mortgages. they did not originate them. they purchased them from other banks and mortgage companies. and when they use these, they would turn around and they would sell them. they would sell them to fannie mae,

freddie mac, mortgage securitization. and when they sold them, they would give their guarantees, they would give their representations and warranties the page mortgages met their policy guides watch. well, i took over my new responsibilities in early 2006 and by june of 2006. and again, that's my responsibility to make sure that these met our policy guidelines. well, in june of 2006, i discovered that over 60 percent of these mortgages did not meet our guidelines. they were by definition defective. many of them were $401.00. and a silly need, i thought it was my job because they were selling them and guaranteeing that they were group mortgages. so i started the warning. i

sent email, i put in my weekly report, i made committee presentations. i corner people in the hallways at the bottom. i'm not a shy guy. and 320062007. the volumes kept increasing and the rates of the fact the mortgages increased from $62.00 with excess of 80 percent. oh, my gosh. in india, nothing would happen. they continued to sell them and during pee into the purchasers. the thing that our guidelines. so i knew somehow this has gone up very high in the organization. i knew somehow i had to get to the board of directors, but how do you do that? and i was agonizing over the ash when on november the 2nd of

2007, it hit all of the press that they were calling an emergency board meeting for the coming sunday, november the 4th. and it was in the press that that charles branch was going to resign at the board meeting as chairman and robert reuben was the one to be named german of the board. that's it. yeah, that's how i my warnings to the board meeting. so the next day on saturday, november the 3rd, sitting at my kitchen table. i put together an e mail. i addressed it to robert reuben, who was, was name chairman of the board the next day. and i also sent it to the major executives, the chief auditor, the chief financial officer, the chief risk officer. and i told them the story about how i'd been if,

when warnings for a year and a half. wow. because i knew under sarbanes oxley, i knew they were legally bound to tell the board can tell investors that there was this fraudulent activity going on. well, i, uh, i got their attention. all right. i subsequently to not to come back to the bank. and this was not a fun time in my life, i imagine not going back to that period. you were clearly a detail person. you were looking at the numbers, the charge, the graphs, the complicated data related not just the economy, of course, but to the banks holdings and loans. you saw this troubling pattern. you went to the banks, executives about it. and the reaction then was well at the beginning to just ignore

you. why is it, why is it that they chose to ignore you? because obviously they have access to the same kind of information that you had. you are the one who were supposed to, who was supposed to be sort of the, the, the analyst for them. so why, why did they just dismiss you? and no one could argue with what i was saying. like, these are just technical exceptions. you know, there's no fee, but this is tony, you know, we're gonna have watches on this. and of course this was while the bubble was still expanding and you have those losses. and i said, okay, if it's, if it's simply a policy issue, it's technically against department change, the policy was i couldn't do that. but the real reason in hindsight, john is this was a very boss suitable business model of buying defective mortgages

and selling them. and by the way, this wasn't just was, this was with other mortgages. the other mortgage companies were doing this to on a very wide spread stages. and this was drawing off from men, this amount of incentive compensation that went into all of the managers pockets. so if they were gonna take any action on what i was yelling about, they would've had to have and each again shut down this very profitable business model. and of course, you know that that would have personally been pretty honors to uh, to some of the executives in law. so they, they like to continue collecting money and ignore me. but i wasn't through what city? well i'm, i'm curious when things began to turn for you personally,

you were providing information based on years of experience and analysis of the data that could potentially have saved city group billions of dollars. but as often happens with whistle blowers you were silenced, you were essentially suspended and thrown out. at what point did that happen when citigroup turned on you? were things already going down the drain economically? or was this still at the, at the height of the bubble? as you said, this was still really at the height of the bubble. why did it get it? not completely turned. yeah, it was, it was starting to and um, you know, if uh, if anyone paid any attention to what i was talking about, you know, the numbers were climbing the delinquencies. uh, uh, you know, the 1st payment, the falls. uh they were going up again. it hadn't fully shipped yet, but there was no doubt where this is going to be at least heard. let's talk about

your mindset at the time you had been paid to do a job to advise the bank based on the economic data. you had done exactly that. your 1st ignored and then actively punished. when did you decide? all right, i've had enough. i'm going to go to the authorities and, and this is really for my own edification. did you consider yourself to be a whistle blower at the time? no. yeah, no, i didn't know what i learned as it was obvious, this was going to blow. oh, well, it was my responsibility. i took this very personally that i needed to warn them. i mean, that was my job. i was a business chief of the wire. and after they had thrown me out and i wanna end up, that's one. i wound up this is, this has got to be stop of.