says release by the washing defense ministry, a pass to show a number of exciting, you know, many vehicles coming on the fire well spread out across the launch field. several of the targets a seems to be in flames with some breaking bad formation. and then a parent attempts to flee is a fast such big push by your crating off the months of a performance spring offensive that was postponed multiple times. as k of came to needed more and more weapons from the west. of all the latest updates on this news and everything else, you can check our website on the dot com as always we appreciate your company. thank you for choosing audience mash the i look forward to talking to you all that technology should work for people. a robot must obey the orders given by human beings,

except we're so shorter is that conflict with the 1st law show your identification . we should be very careful about our personal intelligence. the point obviously is to create a trust rather than fit the various job. i mean, with the artificial intelligence we have so many with the in the a robot must protect this phone, existence was on the western expectation was that pressure will be disassembled, lies by extreme sanctions. and the military losses. uh, there was an expectation that the pressure wouldn't be able to continue. the war like longer than a for

a period of time longer than probably couple of months. metro systems are of critical importance for mobility societies are becoming ever more urbanized. while ridership pete in 2019, at 58300000 right before the cobit pads that make in north america, countries around the world are continuing to invest in infrastructure that are safe efficiency and sustainable alternatives to private cars. i'm christy, and you're watching the cost of everything we're today. we're going to be examining the cost of public transportation and how it varies between the us and elsewhere in the world. the and why does east asia has such a better transportation system, the north america,

despite the u. s. having economic dominance in global power. while the 20th century american society develop actually around the automobile and north america is relatively sparsely populated. so modern cities are very spread out and the car is the ideal transport solution. the us population density is 110th of india's and quite low compared to western europe as well. public transportation, on the other hand, requires a lot of volume to work. the new york city subway was also built cheaply, unlike other underground systems in the world which often consider aesthetics as part of their design. the new york subway was always built with efficiency in mind . it also had no planning at the beginning of 19 o 4 through 1930. it was pretty much 3 separate subway companies that competed with each other and had absolutely no interest in making it easy to use for their

competitor. in many places lived crossed over each other without connecting or pass within a block without doing so. east asia also does not have the luxury of space, so have to pursue public transport more seriously. on top of that east asia experienced rapid economic development since 19 forties when they were introducing new trade networks. and these were found to be more advanced than the legacy transport system of american cities that were built in 19 o. 4 parts of the american system are over a 150 years old. of the sheer size and density of the cities also contribute to high ridership. so korea has a population of nearly $23000000.00 people with $22700.00 people per square mile. taipei has $8500000.00 people, but a population density of $19400.00 people per square mile. and in contrast, new york city has just a population of $21000000.00, but

a population density of only $4500.00 people per square mile. high speed trains are also extremely expensive. it's a very high tech product that requires precise manufacturing. so that 1000 metric tons of trains can travel at 300 kilometers per hour because it is so heavy and travel so fast. the track it requires is also very difficult to construct because of the expense associated with it. high speed rail makes the most sense when the distance is not that long. it has to be a distance where it's too far to drive, but too close to fly conveniently or about less than 500 miles between population centers. population density again, also has to remain high so that ridership is high and can recoup costs from tickets . but because high speed rail tens, dispatcher, vast expanses of land across various local jurisdictions. a strong political will,

is a requirement. typically, a strong political regime or a strong central government, like the case with china and japan, is where it will get implemented for the vast majority of developing countries, the lack of money and the lack of a strong centralized government are the main obstacles is in the u. s. there is the fundamental issue of the lack of population density to justify the huge expense upfront. americans also have a very unique political culture, with an emphasis on the protection of private property rights over public goods and valuing the sense of personal freedom and private vehicles. americans also have a very divided political structure where every jurisdiction is at odds with each other, with varying agendas and priorities. according to the world economic forum, global competitive index, japan ranks the highest when it comes to railroad infrastructure quality and efficiency of train services. this is followed by hong kong, south korea,

singapore, taiwan, malaysia, indonesia and china and a place. america isn't even in the top 20. the main industry in the us since the 19 ten's was car manufacturing. because of this developing a good mass, transit and transportation infrastructure would go against this japan, even though it had a car industry was aware of the major differences between it and the us. japan is a small and area, so even with their excellent roads, they with the traffic jams everywhere. hence they develop a good railway and bust system in the 1970s. china is large and area, but the cities still have a high population density. and because of this, they had to develop modern railway stations and bus lives, share dock list. bicycles are also everywhere. and over 50 cities have a metro system with train services from beijing to shanghai, taking only 4 hours to travel 700 miles outside of new york. most of us cities have

extremely poor public transportation. the public transportation is used almost exclusively by the lower income class and bus services exist in most cities, but their privacy and not very expensive and not on schedule. while new york has the biggest metro system, they're not very expensive outside of the city. and unfortunately, 45 percent of americans have no access to transit. much of the existing system is aging in transit agencies often lack sufficient funds to keep existing systems in good working order. 19 percent of trans of vehicles have been rated in 4 condition . and there is currently a $176000000000.00 transit backlog. a deficit that is expected to only grow more to 270000000000 through 2029. meanwhile, transit ridership is also declining. so now let's bring in christian wal mart

broadcaster specializing and transport an author of a series of books on railway history. so 1st of all, how expensive would it be to repair the new york subway or cities better off starting from scratch or repairing them? of the toner, of its subways is that they each all actually noodles of money. it just him for the amounts of money. and the deal subway is constructed a large and hard rock. so it's very difficult to expand its value to the build you lines. it's all incredibly expensive, but know you called stuff the guy that would be even more expensive because you do have the titles and sometimes that quite why didn't you. i managed of express trains which lots of systems died. so essentially you have to invest do

what you've got bought. i mean, just based on a i only a few weeks ago, i must say that a monk, subway systems are the well but you, your one is looking a bit to todd old. our trains even a profitable business model any more, given the enormous initial financial outliers to the point about the hours is they are never profitable. business muscle sales know about business around ways. have you know, from the beginning of time 18 to 2 are the 1st well ways i've always be very expensive to build quite expensive to run and make all sorts of create all sorts of benefits or welfare guides for whole communities. but the trouble is they can only charge a certain level of fast so well the like roads, in fact, they are just an essential part of the capital assist of but they don't fit in

particularly well with the companies multiply in the united states. you have extremely profitable freight route. why is which was very long distances and uh, making a lot of money bought the passenger network, which existed in america from really the aging such as food to the, of the postwar period, which really covers the whole country is now just a shadow. it's full of a self. you have amtrak, which is a state out, you have some good services in the northeast. call it all between mazda of washington and the like box. you don't have an effective passenger rail service. and that's because the vatican federal government essentially refused to fund a pass into services, particularly in the 1950s, 96. these they were all shot down, as i explained in my book, the great a railroad, a rep,

the great well railroad revolution. and essentially, you'll never get to get back to a situation where like i said, you where we have funk saying passenger rail wise, which by law law speaking by law and this benefits the society as a whole, the how much does it cost a city to have a robust public transportation system. well, uh it's, it's difficult to get precise that goes by, you get figures like something like maybe $50000000.00 for every mile. the chinese have managed to get a box lower than that because they built so many systems and labor costs the far less so the chinese have built remarkable $50.00 subway systems in the last 50 years. uh, you know, in different uh, cities some, some of them with uh, 15 or 16 lives like it in shanghai. um, so, uh,

it is possible and lots of other cities of the world have built a subway systems in the last 203040 years. you know, they are incredibly beneficial for the city. is that the base of the public space, you need municipal governments that have the coverage to invest in them. they take a long time in london here. we've just opened a new line which costs some 25000000000. busy dollars and took about 50 years to develop a school elizabeth line. they've bounced validate creed and it's a fantastic success. it has about $600000.00 people using it every day, even though it's less than a year at all. so subway systems are all about making a city is accessible, enabling people to move it to the city center to for jobs and to live in the suburbs quite fall out because they know they couldn't get in that quickly and new

york has a fantastic system. the trouble is, uh, it needs absolutely amazing amounts of investments to bring it up into the 21st century. it really doesn't look at the body of it like a, a railway system that new yorkers can be proud of. now there are many arguments against building public transportation in cities as it could bring in more crime to the suburban neighborhoods. so what do you have to say about that? so, i think the arguments against public transport systems are very same. uh, there's no way that they, they create drive. in fact, by enabling lots of people to mix together in a pretty safe environment. they actually discourage drive and they create a neighborhoods that can function very well quite far away from city centers,

fax to the fact that people can get in to those. a city sentence over a time of the cost of the well, i could look at, you know, all sorts of cities with a very good transport systems which uh yeah, feel, uh safe. i'd as good places to live bikes to a subway systems and bust systems. and whatever, you know, you have to realize that city centers, adult, ready made for cause and even in your record, i stop. thank you so much christian walmart. but please stick around. kristen. wal mart will be joining us right here after the break. and when we come back, how reliable is public transportation elsewhere in the world? that you know the answer will have more after the break, the

lease of the russian states. never as tired as i'm one of the most sense community best. most all sense and the speed you what else suppose question about this even though we will.