the, the russian states never is as tight as i'm one of the most sense community best. most all sense set up the same assistance must be the one else holes. question about this, even though we will then in the european union, the kremlin move. yep. mission, the state on the russians cruising and split the ortiz full neck, keeping our video agency roughly all the band on youtube tv services. for what question did you say a request to check? the

so you got to do is identify the threats that we have. it's crazy foundation, let it be an arms race is often very dramatic. only personally, i'm going to resist. i don't see how that strategy will be successful, very critical of time. time to sit down and talk the i really thought that we were going to die. and i crawled all the way to the right. and then i hid behind the 2 years before i was even born. and

this is in the office. they need to stick with the system basically wanna make sure that certain too dangerous for a regular civilian should be in the hands of those people who are in st. that's for sake nowhere. welcome back to the cost of everything. now in europe, there's practically no populated place you can't get to buy public transit. it is reliable as the service is scheduled regularly, frequently, and dependably. in the us, there are thousands of communities that cannot be reached except by private car. and there is no commercial or government train or bus service available. europe has nearly 50 urban metro systems by the us,

only has 15 trains are generally the best way to get around europe as tickets costs are very affordable. france is also planning to invest a 100000000000 euros into rail transport by 2040 as part of the government's push to reduce the countries carbon footprint. this will expand and upgrade the rail network and launch express commuter change in major cities. and this is also to tackle the perceived inequalities between paris and other parts of the country is when it comes to public infrastructure. especially when the energy costs are going up, making transportation expensive for millions of computers is now in japan. the rail network of the 3 largest metropolitan areas which include tokyo, nagoya, and those saca are perhaps the most efficient in the world. the countryside ocean concept has operated for over half a century without a single derailment or collision, and only has an average departure at the light of 18 seconds. along the 320 mile

route. and in japan, they choose not to compensate loss is made by these public projects and instead allow private firms to do the business efficiently and profitably. so the operators of japan's public wells transport suffer losses for years, and the government used as budget to offset those. resulting in a fiscal deficit. japan later decided to have all public transport projects run by private firms. today, most public transport services in japan are operated by private firms who run other businesses to earn profits. things like running advertisements on the transit system or leasing out kiosks and station and stores in the vicinity. japan's to biggest public transport systems in tokyo and those saca turned around after suffering losses once and became privatized to become tokyo, metro. and those saca metro japan has about

a 170 companies that operate railway routes and none of them are state owned before the pandemic, the subway operators actually posted a profit of 362000000 dollars in japan. tram lines had been around for a 100 years and on average tokyo bills at least one additional line a year. whereas in the us, it takes an average of 5 years or more depending on capital availability and land acquisition of privatization was a boon to railways. in japan while rise and car ownership was a recipe for disaster for america's once private railways. and for more let's bring in again kristen walmart. broadcast is specializing and transport an author of the series of books on railway history. now christian, the homeless population is growing in europe as well as the us does this, but a strain on public transportation and public services in general. the public

transport system is always the policing they function backs. if you do have stop at every station, i know that some systems have, obviously, you know, not very many stuff. essentially they do, they start off at even at a remote stations. they what much better live that it makes people, particularly women, feel safe. it shows you're not getting the homeless people sleeping in the systems and so on. so the solution is not to say, oh, we don't want to build public transport systems. the solution is to effectively manage those systems well and it show that they are safe for people to use and that, that lost off available to the one be the comforting people. thing that people want is to say stop that, but it's kind of around the ticket guys story that people that jump over them and the likes. and that makes a lot of difference and it's

a full economy. they just think that you could run these systems without people indeed, without driver's, which is technically possible, but not a fantastic the size. and how much money has been us invested in trained infrastructure versus other countries. and where does all this money go? uh well the us uh, system has had some public money. i call and give precise figures. i bought. most of that has gone uh, adjusted in a few places, a few cities that do have public transport systems or a few recipients with the light rail systems as well. a walk, the united states slacks is a federal government that is prepared to say, look we, we need to review out our transport system alvaro's system, link up, lots of places, a gateway with rattle, railways, maybe a high speed ro wise,

or maybe just conventional by wise bots to actually recreate or kind of passenger route so, so close that's more difficult and it age of, of the i've applied but yeah, there is a big market for well, china is that site 3 or 400 miles between the cities because of the hassle of going out to the airport and fly and all the security and stuff is much greater . so uh, you know, it, does it say that about lost its essentially lost its passenger rail. that way. it's never going to recreate it to the why does it existed, but it could never the less that i saw that inside the city passed, i could texas or in california, you could get a systems that were affective. they'll never probably quite pay for themselves, but they will take a lot of calls off the road and, and show that there's much less congestion for those who are still driving. and now

there are some countries that don't have trains at all like iceland in greenland. so why has some countries not adopted trains this i'm, i'm spending all in iceland as it happens late to this year. uh, there's a few countries that have, have had rail systems and i've taken about, i sort of is a pretty small country with a pretty small population. it doesn't really work. i agree that has it and even smaller population, they, some countries in africa that don't really have of functioning well systems. and that's probably for historical reasons that were never built policy because maybe they don't manage them on their, for example, and share with the other they, they used to have a bit of a rail system and that's been a bad cause. a railway systems do need management, they need tender loving care, they need investments. and those countries which i've lost,

that route was probably great. he would regret doing so. i mean, even places like leg also have building kind of do a well networks because they, they recognize that just the road system is, is to k all take box. so historically, the have been places that didn't really invest much as well. uh, box. most countries in the well did one part of a railway. busy most countries still do have some sort of a roadway system. it might be for freight, it might be somebody systems inside the cities, or it might be the main live passenger links between the cities. but most countries of the world do. and now that's pretty amazing because these, the way the concepts of ours is now lady 200 years old, 1830. the 1st row was and as a child support system, it, it survive competition from cause competition dramatically ation of it's lives.

kind of all sorts of technical changes and indeed in many places, well, there's actually flower street predictor with high speed rails, railways and subway systems as a big, big freight realize where you'll trustworthy a really large amounts safe on the quality or mine or something where it's actually, i believe really cheap it to, to do that by rail than any other means. countries that have private for profit and metro businesses perform better than a publicly run metro system in japan. it has a sort of privatized system. uh, they actually, uh, it was privatized with a big kind of light of the state. but there's actually very few places where a passenger rail system can pay for its way. but uh, in, in india, the passenger route network is allowed to subsidize from

a very profit go freight route wise in obamacare live site, the site that way. so very profitable, amtrak gets a big subsidy from uh, the federal government. um, is it the whole point developed right away is, is that the rule was, as i mentioned, the societies will benefit all the time. so something that fits well into a standard capitalist model, and that's because there were cloud vast amounts of investment. the operating costs are quite high, but, and they need to operate throughout the day where there's both russell drives and kind of less profitable uh, of peak strides. so they, they don't really look as conventional businesses with, as i say, the exception of kind of a few exceptions, particularly fact where it was, but they do look as something that benefit society. thank you so much for your time

today, kristen walmart. now the biggest winner in this infrastructure race is definitely going to be china who has the world's largest high speed rail network. china has built a network that spans nearly 25000 miles and is now the world's largest from bullet trains that can travel up to 220 miles per hour. this network is continuously getting built out with plans to extend it to up 250000 kilometers 52025200000 kilometers by 2035. with this expanded network, 99 percent of cities with more than 200000 residents will have access to the general well, a network in china. 90 percent of cities with more than 500000 residents will have access to the high speed railway network. and this is a huge undertaking that happened because over the course of the last 10 years, china had invested over $600000000000.00 into building railway in remote and less

developed areas to bring rail services to more than a 130 counties. these achievements have not come easily and are the result of huge investments and the efforts of more than 2 mil 1000000 railway workers. i'm christy. i thanks for watching and we'll see you right back here next time on the cost of everything. the homework sentence and i'm going to plan with you whatever you do, do not watch my new show. seriously. why watch something that's so different whitelisted opinions that he won't get anywhere else. welcome to please or do you have the state department c. i a weapons bankers, multi $1000000000.00 corporations. choose your fax for you. go ahead. i changed and

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