centers and social service centers, when a refugee applies to work even when they have all the experiences and abilities. refugees are also exempted from the rights that are given by the state to with people like enjoying the right of minimum standard of living and security. and they are unfortunately often exploited. so now let's bring in a bill ality, q 3, professor of middle east history, a university of mary washington. so net bill, what is the most challenging thing for refugees to face? what about for the host country as well? sometimes the, the, the biggest issue is numbers, but otherwise i think the biggest issue for refugees would be acclimating to a new society and getting used to the positive or the, the reality that they have to reinvent their lives entirely from the ground up. the moment they arrive in a very strange and alien culture to their own. and for the whole societies it's, it's sort of the similar but in reverse,

it can be very hard to successfully seamlessly integrate the refugees into the culture. especially if the culture's not historically welcoming or unsure what to do with them. so that, and that varies from country to country though. and are there things that can be done to alleviate this refugee crisis? as it seems like this is a problem with no viable solution. well, this is the areas that i knew best, namely iraq, later on in the middle east. what are the most vulnerable, the climate change, there's some list of the most vulnerable countries and of the top 5 iraq and either on or 2 out of the top 5 and. and they've already experienced something like 55 degree summer's, and 55 degree celsius summers. which in fahrenheit is, is i don't know something like a $110.00 plus degrees. and humanity cannot exist in a 110 degrees without being indoors without being in the water. you know,

all kinds of temporary situations. but you cannot, you cannot exist like that long term. and even if you're indoors with air conditioning, it's not really a long term solution because air conditioning itself is driven by energy and driven by a and is itself driving climate change. so in those 2 examples, it's getting much worse, but they're not the only 2. and i would also observe or argue that the saw held in central africa centric between central and northern africa has been dealing with sort of an agricultural crisis for as long as i can remember. and they're not likely to bode well with climate change. meaning that it's probably gonna accelerate the desert application unless there's something i haven't heard of because i have heard that there is a potential possible positive impact of climate change for some of the middle east

that is tied to together with the shifting of the jet. the jet stream in the atlantic so that it may happen that it actually starts to rain in the middle east through to the shifting jet stream. but aside from that one potential positive which i'm not sure is even going to be true. and i'm not sure i understood it correctly, but it seems like it's mostly very negative. it's certainly negative for iraq, iran, and probably for the saw him as well. as i say, really goes, one rotten apples boils to bunch and refugees are now being looked down on because they bring crime and violence to once peaceful neighborhoods. so is there any truth to this and how much more crime has there been since countries have opened their doors to refugees? are there stats on this? i do not know the exact statistics and i am very skeptical that the statistics are accurate. because when those statistics like that data points are measured,

they're almost always measured in the context of trying to approve anti refugee policies, anti migration policies. so i don't actually trust them. i think they're, they're, um, they're, they're sometimes inaccurate. and, and maybe sometimes they are accurate now, the idea of one rotten apples boiling the whole barrel. there is something to that idea, at least in terms of perception, in that a lot of the refugee populations will have something go wrong. either visa be between them and the state, you know, the host, the host country state or between them and the, and the host country society. and then it gets blown out of proportion. and it becomes this idea that the society is under threat in crisis. i saw this myself about 67 years ago when after working in the mediterranean, with, with refugees and migrants trying across the mediterranean, immediately after that,

like the very next year we're talking 2015 in the 2016. there were all these claims that crime had gone up in places like paris, berlin, and they would, in, in the things that i saw on the internet internet, they would enter splice video of sort of random chaos. and then run a slogan, saying, crime has showed up. well now you fast forward to 2023. nobody's talking about it. at least they're not talking about that particular wave of refugees, which was massive. it was well over a 1000000 people that made it to europe and nobody's talking about the crime instead. you hear a much deeper story about how so those, those refugees have done quite well. they've an effect to become activist in germany. they're, they, they've learned german. they're, they're, they're working for the betterment of german society and their own populations at

the same time. and as far as i understand, it's mostly a positive story. but you'll still hear these one, apple, you know, spoiling the rest of the barrel type of stories where things do or things are said to be in crisis. and i just don't believe that to be the case. how the city is now been over populated after opening themselves to all the refugees. and does this decrease the quality of life for the original inhabitants? the population has grown and then and there i would refer to my own society. in other words, virginia from fredericksburg, virginia, up to northern virginia. the population is growing, and some of that population is refugee population. but i don't think the refugee population is the primary driver of the population group. what's primarily driving it is urban, ization and, and the search for corporate jobs and the successful search for corporate jobs like

amazon, h, q 2 up in northern virginia. and, and, and in effect the, the, the state government is trying to attract all of this economic activity, which they've successfully done. and that is driving population growth. so at least in, in my surroundings, in virginia, there is population growth, but i don't think it's the refugees. i think there may be 5 to 10 percent of the total that the 80, the 80 to 90 percent of the total is coming from other parts of the united states, which aren't doing very well. and relatively speaking. now another point about the idea that they're causing population growth in making life worse for the um, the host community. i would offer a calendar of vision. and that is that there are many examples up until now, where there are either rule or more often,

urban environments where the neighborhood has in effect, been a disaster for the last 40 years and refugees come in and they make that neighborhood thrive. that is happening far more frequently. then having a situations where refugees are causing the population to boom, which is pushing out who's community and individuals. it's much more frequently the case that under invested left behind communities in places like newark new jersey or, or, you know, detroit michigan or just pick any city that doesn't sound like it's doing very well . certain neighborhoods in those cities are thriving now because of refugee populations are for us and the bill i'll to create a will be joining us right after the break. while many countries have received a large number of refugees a year after year, many countries have received almost none. so what are these countries doing to

prevent refugees from coming into their country? well have more after the break, the, [000:00:00;00] the, the thought i, i'm fatal, see skit they should,

they will cease getting out of the go with the that you sent those last i was, i'm of you on is zacko going that good option and you know, he's a credit for it up and you're not issue out for the state taxation. dispose of should i was i should that i, she's the instructional give about john long would love to go. just talk a little you should see those sheets of the go. there's a little c, a years ago. now the sales custom brands here was the months ago. i'm a photo skin. she was a but all you know and about the show on 2nd most to go to court order. sure thing it's been go out. and so usually it comes to shop, given that you to go to your open when you get to mind for sure, most of played catch that the score cutting. yeah. and the console people divided us saves the welcome back to the cost of everything. while many countries have received a large number of refugees year after year,

many countries have received almost none and are doing everything they can to prevent refugees from coming into their country. japan accepts the least number of refugees for a major country and economy as they say, and must look after its own before allowing refugees. the japan also wants to preserve their ancient culture and fear that adding refugees or migrants to their population will affect their culture. other countries who have strict policies on refugees include hungry, south korea, saudi arabia and guitar. other countries like saudi arabia are similar, being rich and oil. is that a similar level to japan? in western europe, portugal has received the fewest refugees at point 03 percent. these countries have been quite peaceful in recent years compared to the route sweden, belgian germany and the u. k. are taking and they're now experiencing higher rates

of crime in italy. authorities have increasingly refused to allow boats with asylum seekers to dock in their ports. however, once the conflict broke out and you came many european countries that have been the most negative about receiving refugees from outside europe such as poland, hungary, in slovakia they actually became the largest recipient for our written ukraine. refugees. the vast majority has led to poland, which now houses almost 1200000 refugees. more than 6000000 have been displaced by the conflict in ukraine. estimates are that hosting an integrating ukraine. refugees could cost hosts nations an estimate of $30000000.00 in just the 1st year alone. the people have also pointed out that you crane refugees have generally been well received. which contrast it with the way refugees from other parts of the world are treated. and this should not be ignored as a different treatment received by refugees from ukraine compared to those come from

countries outside of europe is in some extent rooted in seen a phobia, an opposition to muslim immigration. this is particularly noticeable in poland, where fences were be erected on the border with feller roost pushing asylum seekers from the middle east and africa back while ukrainians are being welcomed with open arms. and 4 more, let's bring in again the bill out to create a professor of middle east history at the university of mary washington. so professor, obviously it is a humanitarian thing to do and the right thing to do. but are there any benefits to accepting mass refugees or are the countries who accept refugees now just struggling with the extra burden on society? i think that's absolutely accurate. um, there was all of this happening in high and when the syrian refugees originally came in 2015. and again, that was a very large movement. it was over a 1000000. but now these years later,

they're mostly doing very well. and they were not treated well by many players, including other east european states that tried to prevent their trends, their transportation over their territory when they were just trying to get to germany. and a more recent example that plays into the ukrainian crisis directly is the example that happened like 2 or 3 months before the launch of the russia ukraine war. and that was a number of refugees were in bella, who's trying to get to poland. and what i think was november december of 2021. it was a month or 2 before the invasion. and in that case, it was only a matter of, of, of a few dozen, or maybe a few 100 refugees who are largely iraqi kurds. from what i remember and the polls, the polish government,

was doing everything it could to keep them away from poland. because once they reached poland, they could claim asylum. so they were, they didn't use live ammunition to the polls credit. they used water, cannon, beatings, push backs from the wall from the fence, and they pushed them back in the bellows. and eventually those refugees were trying to make it to the you were pushed back into balance, bruce, and i'm not sure what happened to them now, not, not 6 weeks after that. or maybe a couple of months after that, russia launched the invasion of ukraine. and it was all open arms. everybody was doing anything they could for the ukrainian refugees all over the world. now i don't have anything against ukrainian refugees. i think they deserve a fair shake and a chance to live safely and securely. but i would argue that so do syrians and so do you docu kurds, and so do lebanese. and so do ask ends. it's not just something that is, is there for bella, luce, sorry,

ukrainian refugees. it's something that should be there for any refugee. there are many people criticizing their country that have been more open to ukraine, refugees and syrian refugees because they are white. what do you make of this situation? and another, another historical point, if i may be a historical point and this is kind of a foot note to history, it's not something that's extremely famous. but in world war 2,