to day care on this conversation someplace else. ready? the so i have to say this is a beautiful, incredibly interesting instrument. tell me the story. what do we have here? what did they submit to any of our language? we called this instrument on time or more pandora in russian friends with the it's the oldest musical instrument in the mountains, got off a young guy fell in love with a girl, but failed to win a hand in marriage. so he killed his only go to come and shop down his own detroit, the beautiful because he was the owner of only one dagger. and then he made this instrument with strings fashion from the goats guts. and then he sang

a very bitter song about unrequited love system, and that's the story of how songs and this instrument appeared in the mountains. it was with all mountain songs of very long and have very profound meaning sections in the back. in the day one could get a whole, so we're a no cause as payment for a song just as the words web, a very highly prized here in the mountains. and so what songs for go, businesses. fair cool. um, one thing that i can't miss here are all of the terraces. um, obviously they're not natural, but they've been here for thousands of years. how are they made and why 2 of the terraces here and show me with a 1st example of green terrace funding and the well behind the village of charles. that's on the other side of that real quick. this is the site of the chalk supplementary to what they think back to them a 6 or 7000 years, b c. and you know, and it's very ancient. ok. it's thought to be near listen to it outside of these terraces of very, very old would that these lands sustained for fathers not far from here is

a small goes to town or village called it comes to to it's a little bit haunting and some people are calling it the much repeat you of august on why did everyone pick up and leave from this area? i know this within the us, we do coal gum. so to the ghost village and some refer to it as the metro peach who lived, i guess, done. one of them, it's a unique place that's just behind the backs. so the parking people up end to the doctor, a heavy rain full in 1963. when it was raining and august down for 3 straight months, most a bridge down below was washed away. so gum so to it was left without a bridge for several years. with the most i am by children began to ask the parents to come down from the village. it would be great, of course to revive gums with one. it was a very interesting village because there's been a language we call it ramos, from source to a local chest in the mountains. it's never been captured. it's fascinating. so

we're from brooklyn. there are many villages like that doesn't, can nibble's that way you'll get sold. but unfortunately, every year goes to villages. a parent gets done because because people are leaving pock, my hopes that the next or that will be a program and over a public to preserve the mountains and support the highlanders who still lived. so mostly it's not so easy to live here, but it really is amazing or, and there's, this is all and our roots are here with this kind of coast. secondly, because there was no other place in the world that we'd rather be coordinate. you kind of stuff, so then we have that in which i want to thank you for an incredibly interesting conversation and for helping us get a better feel for what the discount is all about. appreciate it. my thank you, i'm glad you've enjoyed it before i hope you've attempted august down again and again will always be happy to have you here. your a cool knock. now, as we say in the mountains, look, my home is your home. i don't want the home belongs to the one who lives in it. you're welcome to doug is done,

especially the condition of the fish dangerous beauty towards describes the landscape of doug a stock. perhaps no one embodies that idea more than ever eccentric. camille, my myers, he and his family have been practicing the art of tightrope. booking for 6 generations . camille. hi. so i see in the 2nd search. what's right tom? well, camille, thank you for coming down to see me because there's no way that you are going to catch me up there on the rope. so thank you for that. um, let's get right into it. why is your village specifically known for type rote walking? how did this art evolve? and why do you do it?

not civil village didn't invent type, right? walking or anything like that, but at some point, many people started practicing this stores. most of they saw it and then expose the data around the world or people from my village, which way as many sexes by here and abroad was just much how of an age came to be known as the capital of type. right, well ok, they mostly did that to any living with intake and we know it's dangerous through all of the risk. what's in it for you specifically? why do you personally do this? the pacific come my purpose in life. i tradition and i consider it my duty to pass it onto the next generation to improve it. i want you to become old modem and make it safe for as well. but it's, do you ever get scared? i mean, what's going through your mind when you're up there on the rope, and like what do you feel is always scary on the right for everyone gets scanned, this is normal. you just need to relax and be aware that there is danger and there is fearful i use the safety harness. i know it's safe and i try to keep my fair in check. i find you more, you train the easier it gets. this was able to live with,

so we know that there is a lot of physical work and what you do, i mean it, it takes a sportsman to be able to have that type of control over your body. is it all about your talent and what you can do physically or is there a special mindset that you have to get into physically, anyone can walk and type, right? my mass of what that range of weights was that there are different varieties or based slack, line trick line, borderline, et cetera. some young type, right? well, because do tricks with those who are afraid of heights can do long line walkers wait the right as long god, but it's low, so you don't have to get up so high so everyone can find something that works for them. there was that was that, is that and final question is, we know this is your job. we know you're very good at what you do. does it bring you joy? that yes, it does. so i love what i do, but it's tough boy, the times i've thought about quitting, but those thoughts are behind me. now there's, i have a goal and i'm going to achieve it to the rest of my main task is to make this a safe environment for the next generation. so they can learn and train. i very my

performances and introduce new tricks to get them interested. i want to make type right, walking parking lot voting to thank you for an interesting conversation. i just wanna say stay safe. c as you make your way through the start, you will discover each region is known for its own unique arts and traditions. since at least the 4th century b. c, the people of the top us had runs key area have been making world the same as carpets by hand. and now they've told him of his going a step further to preserve the ancient arts using only natural colors the. this is really cool to be able to be here where they're actually making these carpets. so as i understand these, a carpet started off, it's something more practical to keep homes warm, but now they're incredible art for him. how did this transition happen?

they loved ones. that was the disease design. so it was all it would be like in the old days of to 2000 years ago and the comp into a produce the purely practical purposes to keep your home or separate as things related. comping we've is turned into real losses for that face. people a bid which would now be called design those. but those own design has created these unique path and some cop, it's beverly to when you've gotten a different, i know that it's more than just beautiful designs that we have here in these carpets. but there's more of a code inside them as well. can you translate some of what this code means in some of these carpets for me that is facing uh yes, it's true. you could say those history and these rugs a story that design. so every day objects, one of the things that surround people in that daily lives with me at the board of that was reflected in compet packing. this was ready to de those things were connected with the culture of a specific area. the square footage region had its own designs, which one named off to the regions i'm villages or towns where those carpets were

made to give a video and it's good. i understand you're gonna show us your uh, a workshop. we actually make the colors. i can't wait to see that we're doing it will be good to show you our work because the and the art is passed down from generation to generation, with each individual learning their role from an early age. so this is an amazing experience to be able to watch you work. oh, i can tell you that my mom would be fascinated with this experience right now. so this is a pretty big rug. how long does it take to make a bug besides, or even just a normal size rug, a smart thing to use it? if there's no other work to be done, it's obviously a quicker process. the. so if she only focuses on the carpet, she can, we've just about one square meter per month or the last name yet that's, that's good, very cool. and how many people does it take to work on one specific rug,

which is sort of a big grad like that needs about 5 weavers working 68 hours per day and i should sped on us. it's not that, can you? there's no formal education for carpet and weavers. when girls are 6 to 8 years old, they are taught how to make not only these are simply movements like this. and then over time, a girl learns this crap from her mother or grandmother i would get there's no formal training. it's a gradual process for us, it's not. and pattern making. then the threatening of left over time any girl can learn will just every weaver choose is a design herself to colors are selected intuitively based on how they look together when you're leaving. and you see this beautiful pattern emerge. and it's very pleasing, yes. and when the carpet is finished, your neighbors and relatives usually come to take a look. i will make rug is a source of pride at a good and best. well, thank you for taking the time to show me. it is fascinating the semester about the

so this is a carpet that you've been working on. it's almost finished. lots of intricate designs. beautiful color is, but to me it tells a story. so tell me the story of what this carpet says. here's this, here is a dragon, dragon means power and energy. it though it stands for beauty that absorbs everything . that's the body of the dragon, contains all these different elements. what gave was the dragon's head cooling over here is this body arms and legs which mean watching this is a highly unusual pass and typical of all culture and reflected in this rug with nashik with respect to make a copy like this. you need special colors. you should think it has some unusual hughes that this is rose mazda on this color comes from problems the only grow and douglas done that you can't get this beautiful green shade anywhere else over us. the green is the symbol of the dragon, is very beautiful. you normally see it watching christie would see it,

and i'm surrounded by all of these yarns that are vibrant and rich in color. how exactly are they made? no sense. it's all these colors come from different pond. seeing you, i'm holding rose meant a room in the confused to produce rent dies investments. we make different shades of red from rose matter. somebody to that comes from will not with terry. come let me do it. different plans are used to make different colors. interesting to deal with are housing. if you have time. do you feel like a kid with the coloring book in some crowns when you're in, they're making these colors? what's going to your mind when you're actually doing the process? okay, you're familiar with that kind of, it certainly isn't in through learning process for that to do is making a di depends on many things, including your mood, to look at all these reds page, rick, red, and other hughes. the exec shade depends on minute factors with shame, and so it does and so on and captivate you just truly like a child was evaluated. so you're gonna keep this and get yourself,

are you gonna tell me the secrets so that i can help make some colors as well? yeah, my, well presently, if i could share doesn't secrets. but there are many, hundreds and thousands based is because creating each color is an odd which leads you to discover new secrets. therefore, the know so i can share any secret with you. no problem. 6 of them i would say, that'd be my guest. i mean, yet thank you very much. it's been a pleasure of seeing where you work. thanks sarah. pacific. c moving deeper into the caucasus mountains, you will find the village of coupon sheet, well known for a few 1000 years for the exquisite silversmith russell could tell you it is one of them. it is an incredibly rare experience for someone to come inside the workshop and see where the magic happens. so thank you for this and honor. for me, i have to ask the technology that is used to make this beautiful jewelry dates back

thousands of years or how have you preserved it? how does it stay the same for so long stick? the combined to jewelry is always because of this cool feature, because you own a month, the designs are my favorite, main pretty consistent for the 1000 is, well, you mentioned in collection and the history here. i'm interested in how this one specific place became famous for jewelry. and what's your story? how did you get involved? is there many legends about persian all french influence? is sometimes people, quote french or frank, some tools, i mean the idea being with some foreigners specialty or in the mountains, but i started making weaponry in those anymore. but these are just missed them. unfortunately, there's no historical data about how it all began, and the things that we know about 6 or 7 generations of our families to me, and they've always been a jewelers amongst us. right up until this day is that something that has taught and such an early age like? is it a skill like reading and writing? i mean the work is so interesting. the last for the 2. 0, children have him as

a business cup on silva is that choice because they have no way trying to make stuff so they acquire these skills before they learn how to work with blue as they get older. they see that making something beautiful and they see them helping visits. and so these family traditions, i am, family, family is opposite to me and they used to sing this and develop a so as an inclination and yeah, it's like when they start school, that's when we begin teaching them for them from 1st grade on was missed, and just as they learn to write, they then the grammar, but she might as well which is close to. are they just beautiful designs or do they tell a story? what, what do they mean? can you tell me what is behind the meaning of these different beautiful designs and the jewelry wrist of my mental in some sort of sleep and all our designs would devise from nature inspired by file is etc. so those natural shades would be modified, them broken down into different shapes to bring out the beauty of, well,

he's still a little opposite as has his own imagination as his own little quick. so just be, i mean usually every person is different to the, even in a small bracelet like this. so you can see that each link is different from the rest because it's all are made on the that must it up because i always say the sub employee of soul into every piece you create called as well as over knowledge, even kimly tooth pulled over the decades disruptive thinking for an interesting conversation and a very fascinating experience, pressure push him up. c just as fascinating as the hardest 3 can combine. she is the traditional culture, still respected in the daily life of the people here. this is an incredible space. thanks for taking the time to speak to me here. so it's my understanding that women help out in the process of making the jewelry here as well, in terms of blackening and in other ways. are there certain parts of the job that

are only for women and only from and talk to me a little bit about time? of the most ation of all? yes, all the men do. how? demanded judy making help. the blind enamel was blackening with additional engraving. part of it, so there in holding some of the processes, a lot of the man handled tasks to do with assembling, polishing, and a nation in grading courses, which is a challenging process i bought from all the sewer work. i mean, most women also do embroidery and see the conversation in the shop. okay. my to wish, of course, if you don't mind me asking, i see that you're wearing a beautiful head scarf. and my understanding is that this means something here and come back to you. is that a woman wearing a headscarf? it tells a story. so what does this mean? can you tell me about that? the if yes, she thought traditional debauch ahead scoff. it's called cause because i'm very, a married woman is cause is ation. so a cause tells you the marital status of it's where you know mothers, what grandma does give my son great grandmothers born these kosky. they put them on

to live in the house. i'm losing the least cause i am voided by the women of combat you themselves. but they're typical. so let me show you my collection that, that will some of this cause of the married and son for unmarried government out of issue this one is made in scoffing you some which you can tell, but sort of tassels. it had a band with some personal patterns. we'll see ya, those us cause that i, where the effort remarried, you might know of what am i able to use of look at this as being very, i'm working on right now. well, i just started my task, enjoy a design, and then begin to embroider. it's very beautiful. this is something you're working on right now. now, yes, i'm working on it now. incredibly interesting. thank you very much for taking the time to show us part of your culture. it incredibly fascinating. look at any less. so the

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the, the public, sanchez, i've been doing news for 30 years in 2 languages around the world here in the united states. i've interviewed for president's co founded a $1000000000.00 business, i believe doing should be honest and direct, we'll impactful. and this, by golly,

is direct impact. the china is the most populated country in the world with the fastest growing economy. in fact, for several decades now. oh me now big news coming out of china has been nothing short of remarkable. something happened recently that revealed what may be china's achilles heel. the countries birth rate is dropping and the media seems to be having a field day where they watch today, china announced its 1st population decline in 6 decades. china is national bureau of statistics, so the country had $850000.00 and fewer people at the end of last year. then in 2021, bringing its total population to $1400000000.00. so we had all the numbers. well,

i'm going to try and frame the story for you this way. stay with me here. according to the countries bureau statistics, more people died last year in china. then the number of people who were born more people died than were born. in other words, the fertility rate, it's upside down. here it is. there were about 10 and a half 1000000 people who died in china last year. but there were only 9 and a half 1000000 people who were born, give or take. the un says this should really not have caught anybody by surprise. they say china's birth rate has been declining now for several years, which caused an aging population and the shortage of workers. and here's why this is important. for most economies to thrive, a country needs to have the right balance of young and middle aged and a or elderly populations. the young supply, the workforce, the middle age,

pay into the pension of retirees and the retirees. well, they are. which means they, they live off of what they saved and some government assistance that's in that pay for retirees. but when the number of elderly grow too much and the number of young and middle class goes down, the formula becomes lopsided. right? too many elderly, not enough workers, can cause an economy to stagnate. by the way, this type of thing is actually happening in many, if not most developed countries, is not just about china. watts because interestingly enough, and this seems almost paradoxical, but true as citizens in any country become more affluent. when they have more money, they make fewer babies. true. the us, russia, the u. k. spain france all have declining fertility rates. in fact, in the u. s. if not for immigration,

the fertility rate would also be way upside down, if not for immigration. but china situation is unique. not only do they have a very low facility, right? as previously explained, relatively low immigration levels as well. but they also have, you know, what they have, they have one unique reason that they find themselves in the position that they're now in. it's called the one child policy, the one child policy, a population planning initiative that china implemented back in 1980 to 2015 to curb the country's population growth by restricting families to a single child. 2 things happened as a result. it led to a population with fewer workers, fewer people were born and it also created a population where there are more boys,

more boys then there were girls by law. and guess what happens without girls? fewer berries. so what's the chinese government doing now? obviously they've recognized this they have to deal with and officials are not looking for ways to boost the nation's birth rate and are even urging authorities to ramp up the introduction of some policies so that they can promote fertility. joining us now to talk about it says the professor kind of have and he's a historian and we're really a specialist in the area of age on particular. but china is an area that he very much understand. so he, he's the perfect person to be talking about this, and here's what i want to start with and, and you know why, professor, i'm going to ask you this question. because as i was preparing to do this interview

with you and i started reading up and i and i started going to all the different journalistic outlets and all the different sites, all the different new sites. everybody in the news media less certainly the western media paint's this very anti china like they make it out to be like this is the end of a civilization and give them 2 months when it's going to be over. of course i'm exaggerating, but so today. so how much my 1st question, how much is western media over playing this as they often do with anything having to do with gen china? is it a situation where i could basically do nothing? right? so, you know, for many, many years while china had it's one child policies in place, they were sound the criticized for that. a few years ago when they dropped the one child policies, then they got criticized for that. and now these reports are coming out that, oh my gosh for the 1st time the population actually did fine. they already did select the apocalypse. it's like it's the end of the world. what are they gonna do?

india is going to overtake them. uh, it's a, it's almost like they're just sort of trying to right off china and be like, well, we thought they were problem, but i guess they're just gonna fade away. and yet, and yet there is some real import to the story. i mean, we hadn't seen anything like this come out of china in some time. so i guess the question is, what is the cause of this sudden the announcement or population decline as well? of course they do there. they do, you know, of census reviews every year and they release their population figures on a pretty routine basis. what's remarkable here is that there 100 projections that because of the effects of the one child policy, but even more so because. busy of what in the west dom are curious, call the demographic transition, which is a pattern that we see all over western history. where when countries reach a certain level of economic prosperity,

the traditional believes and behaviors around families. it will change will shift to the, the old values that said, you have to have as many kids as possible because some of them are going to die. and are, these aren't going to allow too much, you know. and so if you want to be able to be secure in your old age, are you need to have as many as many children as well. i said we've been, i, i know, i think you're probably going to agree with those. you're starting a lot smarter than i am on this. we used to have children because we needed workers that our children were the ones who were worked on a farm or worked in our, in whatever it is businesses we had today. we have children so they can go on and do their own things, but we don't need 4 or 5 or 6 of them, right? exactly, exactly. and, and that's what's happening in china is that, that young people are busy going about their lives. they, they want to have careers, they want to have education. they also want to have fun, they want to travel, they want to do things. and there's been a real change in attitude. some of young people about, you know, whether they're,

how soon they should get married if they should get married at all. china has just legalized having children outside of wedlock as they say it also in an effort to, to perhaps bolster a new birth. but the reality is that this has been projected for. busy a while the surprise in the report this year was that it has actually already begun. yeah, there was talked about how, you know, by 2030 or 2050 the population would peak it, s p. and this is going to be an ongoing trend of a declining population. the question i think really is, is that a good thing or a bad thing? yeah, well, i'll shoot that back out to you professor. is that a good thing or a bad? sure. well, even in china, there are many people speaking out and expressing great concern about this. the idea is that, you know, demographers like to use this, this graphic representation of a kind of pyramid or comb um where as,

as the population ages its numbers get smaller and smaller me that no, it doesn't look like that in china anymore. now you have relatively small numbers at the very top, a bulge in the middle, but then a narrowing base. and a lot of economists will say, exactly as, as you were mentioning, you know, oh my god, there's not going to be enough work or not going to be enough curse to support this aging population. uh, you know, the number of people over the retirement age in china and it grows every year. and it is, it gets going to be disproportionate in sort of classical economic terms. so there are, there are a lot of people, even in china who are expressing concern about yeah and, and i think the way, the way i was capturing that earlier is i was discussing, this is the, the very young are the working, the worker bees, the, the middle class are the ones who feed into the pensioners so that the pensioners can retire and the pensioners after working all of their lives and paying into the