and a lot of be kind of, as we'll say, exactly as, as you were mentioning, you know, oh my god, there's not going to be enough work, are not going to be enough to support this aging population. uh, you know, the number of people over the retirement age in china and it grows every year. and it is, it gets going to be disproportionate in sort of classical economic terms. so there are, there are a lot of people, even in china who are expressing concern about yeah and, and i think the way, the way i was capturing that earlier is i was discussing, this is the very young are the working, the worker bees, the, the middle class are the ones who feed into the pensioners so that the pensioners can retire and the pensioners after working all of their lives and paying into the system themselves, are now waiting for the government to help kind of take care of them. as most of us agree they kind of deserve to be taken care of. the problem is when one of those is in balance and you get too many on one and, and not enough on the other end. you get economic, this harmony and,

and i guess by the way, this is about a try. the problem is there is a great britain problem is an american problem is, is a france problem. this is happening in almost every developed country is just that in china being the biggest economy and the fact that, you know, they've got a history that you're about to tell us about what the one child policy, etc, etc. it might be a little tough or go for them in again in, in class i believe in nomic terms. i think that that, that is the case that could be made for that argument. ok. but if you look next door to china and you look at japan, japan has had a stable and slightly declining population for 30 years now. and that hasn't led to economic collapse. if anything, what has led to is it to ation? we're trying, we're japan, the japanese economy functions more and more and more efficiently. and they're able to do more or maintain standards, even with fewer people coming into the workforce at, at the bottom level. how does the,

how are they defying what we think is an economic template as well? i think they're defying it because they have different expectations. they have a culture that's different from that of, of the west. even though japan, you know, went through this great dramatic transformation in the late 19th the 20th century is to reconfigure itself to be a modern capitalist economy and developed its economy and all that. their culture is still strongly shaped by confucian values by the traditions of east asian culture that are much more sort of communal, listed much more collectivistic. and in china, of course, that's reinforced by the structures of a socialist state. socialist state is capable of pursuing policies that will address these issues, especially issues of wealth distribution in ways that, that in a capitalist economy, it's much more difficult uh to do. and i can give you an example of that. which is,

you know, the, the, the, the, the problem is it's formulated here is that we as, as you are taking later that, that, that a shrinking number of contributors to pension funds and things like that will lead to problems in this, in supporting a retirement population. a non working the doctor population, we call it social security. they call it something else everywhere else. but it's essentially, it's the same thing, right? or? yeah, exactly, but it's, but in china because it has the socialist core and it's economy and it's governance . they're able to put in place policies that, that are much more effective in terms of the best or re distributive function. plus they're able to guide and this is what a lot of what's happened in japan as well. they have, they have been able to and they are certainly pursuing this quite, quite aggressively. they're able to direct investment resources towards

enhancing labor productivity enhancing the, the well, reducing the amount of labor input necessary for an expanded product output, which means that fewer workers working less time to produce more goods means that you don't need that constantly expanding base of labor and in a socialist economy, you don't want to generate what they call it capitalist economies, what they sometimes called the reserve or army of labor unemployed. people whose presence in the economy puts downward pressure on wages in a socialist economy and china, they can move away from that and, and hopefully we'll be able to continue doing that in the future in ways that are much more difficult for, for western economies. i'm going to, i'm gonna stop you there for a moment because when we come back, i want to tackle 2 issues. one of them is obviously the effect that this could have

on the global economy, because everybody seems to be wondering about that. and it's the conversations you're going to hear on the, you know, on cnbc, ease of the world, etc, etc. and there are there, i also want to know a little bit about the follow up to the immigration emigration story that is happening in china. so we'll talk about that when we come back with a professor, kind of having a new mexico state university. hey, by the way, i have a pod cast where i as a journalist, as a lot to you know, as an entrepreneur, jo my story and share with you what i learned about how to succeed, how to grow. it's called the rick sanchez podcast, and i invite you to check it out. i'll see you there. when we come back though, let's talk about what happens to china is position globally as a result of this fertility situation. stay with us the,

[000:00:00;00] the, the. so we have happens globally as a result of china's population decline. well,

let's talk about this. number one, a shrinking population means less consumption of goods and services, which will or could certainly affect other countries who rely on the chinese consumer. number to the smaller labor force would mean it might be harder for china to compete. totally, a 3 comic impact could lead to a political fall out of maybe even a weakening of china's influence worldwide. and we're backed out with the professor kind of having from new mexico state university. okay . this is what everybody essentially gets to when they talk about china. it seems to be one of those alluring topics that everyone refers to. and that is the one child policy, which was an effect in china for so many years. and a lot of people are saying that, you know,

what is happening in china today with this under population. a problem, as it's being stated, has a lot to do with the one child policy by that. well, you know, i'm, i'm kind of used to be in a bit of a contrary and voice on some of this stuff. but i don't, i don't buy that as, as the cause of what's happening now. you know, the one child policies were put in place in the early 19 eighties at a point where china had achieved significant economic development. but much of the benefits of that development had been consumed by a rapidly growing population. yeah. the leadership made the decision to try to reign in population growth at the same time that they tried to accelerate economic expansion. and the combination of those 2 affects yielded that, that long period of, you know, double digit growth and in gross domestic product that we saw in the ninety's and, and the 1st decade of this century bought that,

that constrained to that restraint on population growth disappeared. uh about 8 years ago now. mm. uh, 7 years ago now when those policies were rolled back. and what the, what the surprise was to some observers was that there was no, there was no baby boom. there wasn't, it wasn't that everyone was dropping into bed and anxious to be able to go wild and started having lots of kids. again, there has been a very big yeah. but they were big, big, big the expectation was that people, when they were told you can't breed except for one child. and eventually when they got rid of the role, everybody would go out there like rabbits and start printing. but what you're saying they didn't and, and the reason they didn't is the same reason we see in all other western or developed nations. and that is the well. so here you are, the less out you are to want to be the less app you are to want to have babies. and

that's almost the universal, me around the world. yeah, we've, we've seen that. we've seen that in, in cultures throughout western europe, north america, japan, as it, we say is as gone through this. it, it shouldn't really be a surprise to anybody. but i think the effect has been a little stronger in china than in many places because they've gone very quickly now into this period where there's actually a, a decline in population. and in part, as we were saying before, the break, you know, that's because you don't have an immigrant population to coming in to china to boast for the 8. the do population of projections are that by the end of this century, trying this population will drop back to about a 1000000000 people. that's a drop of 400000000 people over the next uh, you know, 7 or 8 decades. but there is then there is one thing we have to address and that is, and that is, and that is the fact that because of the one child policy,

there are many more men. then there are women in china. as a result, there's not enough of um, oh well, i'm not quite sure how to say this delicately but uh, they're actually now and i and i, and i just read this report that seems to indicate that the chinese government is trying to create a sperm bank if you will, for there to be, uh, you know, enough males and enough old them, i don't know that they're, that they're looking at ways to create more for delivery. so. uh, is that exactly? yeah. these shot the city of shanghai has been the pioneer and this uh, john high is the most popular city in china. it has over 25000000 people. uh, but uh, in shanghai. the effects of this demographic transition have also been very,

very dramatic. shaw high as a, as a city does have an immigration slow, there are people who are drawn to sean high by. you cannot make opportunities there . but natural growth in the sean high population is negative is shrinking. and sean are very soon after the dropping of the one child policies began to initiate programs to try to encourage people to get married to have babies. they enhance a priest at the, the, the levels of, of state support of the provision of services. they even provided financial direct financial incentives and it didn't work. it simply didn't work. yeah. and at the irony, in some ways is that there's, there's gender disparity, which is not immense, but there are definitely more young man. then there are young ladies, you know, women, that under disparity has resulted in, in many ways not universally, but in many ways in a valorization of women and young women. now in,

i know china has, of course, uh, you know, equal uh educational opportunity, employment opportunity, things like that. there are problems. there are glitches with all of that. but basically they're committed to a gender beautiful gender balanced economy. and so that means that there are many more, you know, young professional women, young business, women, young women seeking their careers who don't want to step aside from that and say, no, i'm just going to stay home and, and have children and raise babies. and do that, they want to pursue their lives, they want to pursue the opportunities which the chinese economy provides for the interest or so listen to what you just said the aside is it was the many years ago during the mileage rule where people were literally a boarding females and even killing female babies cause they all wanted to have boys. uh that that policy aside as it was and as much as we've written about it has

now turned conversely into an advantageous situation for females in china. that's crazy. yes. well, it, as i say, it's a, it's, it's, it's another, it's a demonstration of what sometimes called the law of unintended consequences that you have uh, the, the, the one trial policies achieve what they set out to achieve in one sense, in the sense that by restraining population growth even though it's are like continued to grow, but not at that rapid pace that it had in the 1st 30 years of the p. r. c, the people's republic that allowed the benefits of economic expansion to raise the material livelihoods, of hundreds of millions of people. oh, you know, they've tried his accomplishments with, with all kinds of things, health care, education, housing, you know, eliminating an absolute poverty, things like that would not have been possible without the one child policy. when they lifted those many people, most people i think expected that there would be

a new wave of population growth. but that the expansive economy would be able to absorb that. and indeed in a classical sense, even benefit from that that hasn't happened. but i think, you know, again i'm, i'm, you know, used to be a little bit of a contrary. and i don't think it has to be the disaster. that western observers are . and so many in china 2 are, are anticipating fascinating conversation. professor kenneth time in new mexico state university, a historian, thank you. thank you very much, sir, for taking time to the pleasure to be here. like for having me hate. before we go, i want to remind you of our mission. it's simple really. i want to try and de silo the world. we've got to stop living in these little boxes that we all seem to want to occupy. choose to live in boxes. truth is everywhere. how much interest are you looking for you again, right here where i hope to provide you with some direct impact

the willing to do you know, credit union? dorian show any idea she shit a dr. lien, i report the control room for 2 of us. so we fixed you get to move onto the system really being you have enough lots and lots of threats and stuff. i'm assuming. yeah, we did the boom cloud. so essentially it's strange talk through this, but i'll let you as well. but the crazy if that's all there is to motivate myself away, but just to do, you still know? sadly, if she ever always get us, what are we shipping stuff?

just stick with a lift or slip that came over to them. i need this cuz it says that you are in school, so that's for only for each of the board. couple. are you looking to ship that useful? go directly to shoot the truck, the best way to, to recreate you take a picture of the double play, the straight face of the,

the, [000:00:00;00] the middle of the 20th century, the portuguese colonial empire was in an acute crisis. a particularly 10 situation had developed in mozambique the people of this country were put in a humiliating position, income inequality ramp, and illiteracy. this respect by the portuguese for the local traditions led to a mass unrest. getting 1964, the liberation front of mozambie for a limo began its armed struggle for freedom. the regular army was not easy to resist,

but the guerrillas inflicted considerable damage on the invaders through the fighters against the colonial regime were supported by the soviet union and china. whereas the united states and great britain took the side of the invaders, the board to gaze responded to the guerrillas attacks with cruel counter insurgency . however, 3 limos, 10 year courageous struggle was a success after the overthrow of the fascist regime in portugal in 1974, the new what the already surrendered. a year later, lisbon fully recognized the independence of mozambie. but the victory had been gained at a high price during the war, mozambique had lost tens of thousands of and sons and daughters. the it's crazy to think that in some parts of the world, obesity is becoming that the demick on other parts of the world. there's not enough

food that children are malnourished or dying from starvation. i'm christy, and you're watching the cost of everything. what today we're going to be looking at the costs of food waste. how much perfectly good food is trash and disposed of globally. every year, anywhere between 30 to 40 percent of all food produced globally for human consumption is lost or wasted. some of that waste comes from a spoilage during transport. and other times, it's from not being sold at the supermarket or being forgotten at the back of a person's refrigerator. while there's food loss and nearly every stage of food production and distribution, it is shocking how much perfectly good food is simply wasted. the food loss index estimates that globally around 14 percent of all food produced is loss from post harvested up to but excluding the retail stage. meanwhile, 17 percent of global food production is wasted at the household retail and food

service level. meanwhile, millions of people are suffering from food and security every day. so while the world weighs about 1400000000 tons of food every year, the us is the biggest corporate, the us this cars, more food than any other country in the world. nearly $40000000.00 tons every year . that equates to about $219.00 pounds of waste per person are now in the us. 37 percent of food ways happens at the household level, which means that american consumers are over buying food. spoilage is a real issue and one of the biggest reasons why people throw out food more than 80 percent of americans discard perfectly good consumable food. because they misunderstand expiration labels. compared to the rest of the world, the us is less costly and plentiful,

making impulsive food purchases. america also has a take out culture where it doesn't use food in its entirety. and composting isn't a natural part of our food prep routine. if people started buying, handling, consuming and budgeting for meals differently, it could make a big difference. food waste also contributes to wasted water and energy. it took to produce and generating greenhouse gases like methane and c. o. 2 and chloral flora carbons from agriculture. and if not consumed food waste and trickles down stream to become the largest category of material placed and municipal landfills. these rotten vegetables or expired food also released methane and nitrogen, which are problematic greenhouse gases. while a very small portion of this food waste is donated or recycled, the majority goes straight to the landfills where it's incinerated and flows down the drain or left to rot. so has food ways become a global economic issue?

or is it a social problem to explain more well bringing neural goldstein, editor and publisher of bio cycle so nor out what our country is doing with all of this food waste. can they be redistributed or up cycled or does it all just go to spoilage. the different countries have had different opportunities and it's also somewhat culturally a. we find that even in many cities, people go to the market or stop by the, you know, just the neighborhood shop every day on their way home to get what they need for the meals. so there's, there's not a lot of excess versus people that will go to the store and shop for a week and a buy button just. 9 and they end up eating out 3 or 4 of those nights a week. so i think culturally that, that goes, that's a factor in it. uh, the other thing that we're seeing is food that is produced,

but maybe not sold in time. there is a growing support for food for donating that food and a network for making sure the food especially perishable food stays safe and you know, so let's say to me and then for example, they'll get funding for refrigerated trucks or refrigerators, in places to, to keep it edible sourcing that they have a certain amount of upside clean, you know, taking, taking food and, and making it and using it as a rod greeting for something else. and then traditionally, and this has gone on for, for many, many, many years, is a recycling food that is no longer eligible for animal feed. so it still says, staying within the food system. all that says we still throw away a lot of food that should have been eating or could have to be why is so little

food recycled or up cycled? does it cost more to recycle then just to toss it in many places. the answer sadly is yes. it's, it's even starting at the farm where there's traps that, you know, they picked up the highest quality that they'll get the most money for. and then the 2nd grade. yeah, the lower grade produce ends up staying, you know, in the field. because they can't, they're not going to get enough money for it to harvest it. so there's waste right at the farm level. and then as you know, when they, when it comes to figuring out what to do with food that needs to be thrown away. it's, it's really crazy for all the infrastructure that's been created for donation. it's still a very small percentage of food that still available,

gets donated. and then you basically end up with, well, you know what, just thrown away. it's easier in many developed countries. that's our culture. we've been very much just toss it away, it has no value. and so when folks like by cell 4 in the field of organic recycling and food waste, recycling, it does at least have a better n use if it goes to composting to make sol amendment to yield healthy soil's or to be what we call in aerobically digested to produce a bio gas that can be used to produce electricity or, or fuels. so there's, it's, and then yes, in many places it is a what cheaper just to throw it away. then to go through the process of product collecting and processing it. how can countries reduce food waste and what countries have been the most successful at that? it's interesting,

i was thinking about this question and i would say that the biggest challenge to getting as a country to reduce food waste, it starts with education and really realizing how much food is being thrown away. and then developing strategies to and programs to both reduce the amount of, of food that's wasted, introduce smart or buying habits and cooking habits and, and then also re purposing, you know, in other words, let's just say, well, we see in the catering business, the food service is not putting out all the food you've made, but keeping some of it back because if it's not, sir, then it has to be that it can be donated even if it's prepared. so it's really in kitchen practices at food service businesses to reduce and,

but really at the end of the day, it's just building that awareness and somehow putting in price, you know, making the cost of throwing in a way higher, you know, or the penalties for throw it, you know, that it encourages you because what we've seen is one stores where the city, your state passed as a mandate. you have to separate your food waste for grocery stores. um and they'll offer a, a lower price. they realize when they started separating it, how much edible food they're throwing away. so sometimes when you either push them to force them to recycle it in separate it, it very quickly becomes evident how much is being yup, how much money they're wasting. now, billions of dollars are lost in food waste. how can this figure be reduced or were cooked so that it can go back into the economy or the producers?

i would say it really has to do with this awareness of, of the amount of food that gets wasted. taking the example of the farm with, you know, they, they only pick their highest quality and then leave the rest on the farm. is, is creating a market for that secondary, the 2nd best food and making it so that there's the farmers getting value for that to make it worth the effort of taking it. and so i think that's a big piece of it. and uh, i just, i think i, the working really working hard to spend money on the education where the purse, where people are buying their food in some fashion. just to make that awareness, you know that,

that we just can't be spending all this money in wasting all this food. and we're seeing some of this where there's value in the food that that's being thrown away. if you can capture it, you can turn it in, keep it in the food supply chain by turning it into feed or using it as a role and gradient to make your new food products. it takes a lot of, uh, creative energy and just a lot of awareness and education. is there any way to reallocate food, ways to countries, and people who do not have enough to eat? or does it cost too much to redistribute food waste? i would say it probably cost too much money to ship food long distances that have already been shipped from the point of production you're you start to get it,