hopeful applicants who will be having special coverage at the summit with policies . nicky, aaron hope you can join us for our special reports on what is that of a new multi polar weld. the plato is a peculiar organization. it claims to be defensive military lines, but at the same time, claims it must constantly expand. add to this the life describes projects stability, in reality, it projects instability and, and security, and made russia, if it's primary care. the

silk has been synonymous with luxury decadence elegance. it has a reputation for richness and has cultural significance as a valuable commodity used to dress royalty and the aristocracy for centuries, china has held a monopoly on silk which quickly became the most important luxury fabric. in all of europe, even today, soak is highly valued for his legacy, judy and exoticism. i'm christiane, you're watching the cost of everything we're today. we're going to unravel the great silk trade industry. the oldest cell production dates back to china where it has been produced since 4000 b. c cell production and china was standardized throughout the centuries. where you have silkworms gorging on mulberry leaves to encourage them to begin spinning their cocoons from there. the coons are weighed and sorted and salt and boiling water to

unravel them so they can be strong into schools which can then be made into so fabrics. i know it's still the number one producer of modern cells with as much as 90 percent of the world soak coming from asia. now the modern silk industry generates about $3000000000.00 of revenue per year, or about a $150000.00 metric tons of silk are produced each year. in contrast, your basic cotton commodity produces 25000000 metric tons annually because of its limited production quantity. so commands a much higher price on the international market. in 2021. ross still costs over $30.00 per kilogram. while your basic marina will cost us $10.00 per kilogram. now there are several insects that produce silk fiber proteins, but the preferred insect is the domestic so form after hatching. so farms will eat

constantly and must be fed at least twice a day on a specific type of mulberry we. white. mulberry leaf is a believe to encourage the best cell production of these. so forms need to collectively consume about a 140 kilograms of mulberry leaves just to produce one kilogram of ross. so, after one to 2 months, the silver alarms will start to build their cocoons, the coon waiving containing days and during this time the software produces one continuous strand of cells that wrap the self inside of which when unraveled can be stretched out to be 3 fourths of a mile long. this process will take between 3 to 8 days in which the software rotates his body in a bigger right movement around 300000 times. it takes about $5000.00 so wants to produce one kilogram of ross soak or about $3000.00 coons to

produce only one yard of fabric. after the coons are collected, they're boiled in water to kill the cell for the coon is then on wound in a process known as reeling, which can be done by hand or by machine. these individual strands of fiber optics freely then, and fragile. so they need to be wound together with other fibers to increase the tensile springs. the resulting product is ross, so which is then made into skins before being made into yard or fabric. the raw silk is graded into 11 categories from 6 a through f. the grading takes into account factors like size, deviation, cleanliness, neatness tends the city a long ation and any defects. 6, a is the highest possible grade unless the one percent of chinese russell is graded . at this level, france,

italy and japan have developed reputations for making the finest field tech styles that command the highest prices. because of all the work and manual labor that goes into making it so fabrics can cost over a $100.00 a yard before they're even made into anything. at heritage mills in europe and asia, the fabric itself can go for more than $300.00 a yard. high quality salt has an instantly recognizable bloss, an extremely less stress and smooth without feeling overly slick. it naturally circulates air for a cooling effect, but can also help insulate the heat coming off of the body. but there is a country that will surprise you as one of the main leaders and sold production, and that is in the american continent. with this in mind, let's bring in joe out there do chair of the valet to set a institute. now it takes us by surprise that brazil is

a self producer even though it is not a per zillion tradition. what makes brazilian so a high quality product. but uh well it's, uh, the way it does to, if is producing here, we produce choking brazil using the technology. i know what, what is the most up to date. it's acknowledged that has been developed in japan in the last uh, i can say 70 years. and uh we have in brazil a good climate, and we, we, our farmers have learned with only with the conditions how to do and how to produce yoke. and they have no, uh, ocean knowledge. uh, let's say they have not learned with the grandparents with parents as they have learned with the conditions and the kind of uh, the quality of the suit warm that is being developed for them is the highest

quality possible. and he's the, the suit warm that the says, treatable to produce a high quality su, with good resistance and the, and the strength of the strength and the foundation aspects. so we have a, he a good climate and the good people and a company that is, that is now in the market as the company that produces the best. so can the world and how the international sales price is fluctuate. and what are some of the key drivers behind these fluctuations? yes, uh yeah, the who uh, the silk is connected. this linkage with the consumption of uh, luxury items outside uh, china and outside area. uh, if you get to see the chinese seal production and indians to put that chip, it will take about 96 percent of sales produced in the world. so what makes

a soup price? fluctuate is the, the market for a high value items made was made of c o in europe and united states and also the economy in the china and the economy in india. the competition, that's the silk said culture, the production of cool can face with all the kind of a the expectation in the, in a vehicle to the field. so these are the main aspects that makes so price, but the weights demand and competition with all the vehicle through license. and what are some of the key challenges faced by the silk industry in terms of cost management and maintaining competitive pricing? the challenges faced by c o is that uh,

in order to add value to the product. so made with synthetic fibers that has been uh, one uh kind of benchmarking with soak. so fully as to uh, they used to compare in the past they used to compare the likeness of the polio and the brightness of the pool. ready has to fabric with the likeness and the brightness of and this most, most of the silk fabric. this was in the beginning, i say, in the seventy's, in the eighty's, in the last century. and today, as a likeness in china is not the main part as a consumers are interested in the sustainability. what the weight of the german soup is facing is that in order to,

to get advantage to get market share or to take advantage of the silk. these synthetic fibers are spreading the idea that they that cool. yeah, stuff is more sustainable then soak and uh that is uh, this is uh, absolutely not true, but it is uh that it has been created some kind of a mattress and that co. c. there's only a few items and can see there are a few items that in which for us to get a better performance than silk. so we can say that the biggest challenge of silk is facing now is that sue is sustainable as a fashion would like to be one day. but nowadays, silk is a very, very small uh, either street, uh,

silk is only 0 point one percent of the fiber and then a 5 to produce. and so one table of each $1000.00 kilos is soak. so we have no power to spread. the idea that steal case sustainability seal can only be produced is when you have a moment or leaves for this without any kind of put side and the super warm, it's only moat, fresh mole barely. and if you don't have fractional values, free of this size, you will, it is not possible to produce joke, but few people knows it. and a lot of people is listening. a lot of untruth. message about the sustainability of synthetic fibers and sustainability of so these are the biggest challenges of to date and how the advancements and technology and manufacturing processes impact the cost

a sofa production. yeah. directly. see ok. so very it uses a lot of manpower. so if you need to in brazil we will have is one farmer can deal with one actor of silk about the 2 acres i believe. and one farmer deals with it and. busy in china, you will have a about, let's say number of farmers in china, maybe 7 farmers will deal with one eye one actor and. busy media 6 farmers will deal with an actor. so when, what up, whenever you make it easier to cut mulberry and to bring mulberry to the shed and the to the shed where the silver i'm or as uh i raise it whatever it will make it easier to make it with technology you,

you will have a better viewed, you will have a better position to continue with the production. and that once you have also a genetic improvement in the, in the field of o, c, warm for this. so it is a technology and makes it easy for farmers to cultivate the mulberry fields, to custom. oh barry leaves and to bring them over leaves too far from the shed and then to clean the shed. and then also to harvest the cook home from the of the phrase, tobacco goes that produces a suit because produce it when uh the suit warms. uh its uh they fall $25.00 days. they each mobar leads and the f 30. they produced a cool walkable is only one seal event with one uh,

1200 meters long. just one quick home, you have one filament on it. and that in to produce the silk, you have to unreal this uh, this very, a theme, a filament without breaking it. so what makes 6 most is that cool is related without breaking these very same filament. and that this is a farmer. so farmer is a feeding to, so for i'm for 35 days after the said 25 days, they call them the simple i'm start producing the code and in this process, whatever you use the technology. so makes things easier. you will have you facilitate the life of the flowers and you make the farmers to produce a bigger quantity and not to increase production. thank you so much. all there do, but please stick around. joelle bird do will stay with us right here after the

break. and when we come back, we'll explore why india is the 2nd largest producer a. so in the world, making it an important source of employment. the soon as 2016 numerous monuments to serve you as soldiers and potent ukraine and the baltic states have been destroyed all vandalize fish their stuff by appointment only within yeah. unless or even some others could. i ask if i'm in the field that's the most on whether it's, it's special or just bring in the police government denies the rule of soviet sonya is in the victory of a non citizen. and is it raising historical memories of world war 2 is the 4 cases from your story. although it did seem the non c regimes, the trustees would remain think since people's consciousness forever. but as long as rustic phobia is profitable and brings dividends, you are willing to have

a to rewrite the past. yes. for to uh, take up the aisle provides for leaving a message i need to see. because of the fax do i need to get the acceptance and i'm here a plane with you. whatever you can do,

do not watch my new shells. seriously. why watch something that's so different whitelisted opinions that he won't get anywhere else. what can i please or do you have the state department, c, i a weapons, bankers, multi 1000000000 dollar corporations. choose your facts for you. go ahead, change and whatever you do. don't want my show stay main street because i'm probably going to make you uncomfortable. my show is called stretching time, but again, it's not, we don't want to watch it because it might just change the way in india is the 2nd largest producer a. so in the world, in an industry that employs about 9700000 people in the world and semi urban areas, this industry is one of the largest foreign exchange earners for the country. india produce has 4 types of natural stokes mulberry, ery plus. they're

a new guy which is then made into so garments, fabrics, yards carpets, charles scarves, cushions covers accessories, and more. in 2022, india produced 34903 metric tons of silk. and the share of mulberry production is the largest among other types of cells produced at 74 percent. this is followed by ery at 21 percent, plus r a 4.2 percent. and you go, which makes up less than point 75 percent of india's total. so production to in 2022 india's exports, the silk. and so products were valued at $248000000.00, which is an increase of over 25 percent over the previous year. unlike seasonal crops for me, so forms can be done all year round and can be harvested as many as $5.00 to $6.00 times a year. this industry has low capital requirements and plays an important role in

providing employment to millions, enroll parts of india and putting the country on a path of economic progress. carol, at the guy is the leading producer of silk and india, producing an average of $8200.00 metric tons of so every year. so also had which cultural significance in india, it has been the evergreen fabric for generations or any function or which one indian tradition and household from weddings to projects. silk attire, like a sorry or land is considered us vicious and cure for traditional celebrations and highly valued. the so forms performed the best and the temperature range of $25.00 to $27.00 degrees celsius and humidity of 75 to 85 percent. generally, a temperature range of a maximum of $33.00 degrees is considered suitable for so form rearing. beyond this

range, mortality of the new got increases deforestation, and rapid proliferation. a small p growers in upper asylum has led to the shrinkage of traditional new good plantation. so the impact of global warming, coupled with climate change on the growth of the industry, cannot be ignored. now we take a closer look at the difference between india and other countries in asia when it comes to the techniques used for high quality. so production and for this and more, let's bring in again and joe out there do chair of the valet de set a institute. now can you discuss any unique or traditional techniques used in india for producing high quality so that may contribute to the costs and quality differentials? yeah, the 2nd, the 2nd is technics that are used in brazil. is this one that uh uh, the development of the hybrid of the su 4 is the

development and the use of a kind of a hybrid of a super mom is the secret of a high quality steel. so what happens is the one, the su 4 on that keeps the best suit the best to in terms of young production is not as strong as to war that the produce is not so good quality of the seal. so whenever you have one integrated condition, well, farmer will be paid for the additional labor he will have while dealing with a of a more dedicated to war. and the way it will do to make the company the reading company to produce a higher quality and a to enable the reading company to pay

a little bit more for this former. so the integration between farmers and the soup really is the secret at to produce the best quality. if farmers goes to the market to buy a hybrid, they want to buy the kind of the race of the suit for them. they want the race that is better for them is a race that there's a very strong so warm that eats the move out, leaves that maybe it's not as fresh as not so fresh. and maybe he will not suffer with the high temperature at. but the quality of the piece, the filament, is filament. the quality was not to so big is and about pharma will buy on the market, the sky and all that. and it will sell the cooling the market and the governance of the market price. but when you have the governance of a kind of integration, when you have

a partnership govern government has made by the partnership where the company offers and gives out or indicates the kind of a hybrid to the farmer and the farmer. knowing that the farmer will have more will have to take care about the cleaners of the shed will have to take care about the freshness of the demo. bear leaves, palmer will have to wake up at 6 am in the morning and to go to cut the leaves uh for the day and put it in the warehouse so that they remain fresh all over the day. and then it is a little bit more of a to work more than the uh, than the, the farmer that works with a very strong assume guam that can cause to go there and the at 3 pm and cut the leaves and give the leaves to the so for him and he will eat it with that with no

problem. very dedicated to warm with uh, the that produces a high quality russell that will not eat hot mulberry leaves that he's very he, before he eats, maybe it will die. so the integration is the key, is the key for improvements of the quality and the, the, the income of the farmers. and is the key to improve the quality and income of the silk really about the fuel filter. and now what are some like the differences in the production method, supply chain, or labor costs between cell production and india, and cell production in non asian regions? yeah, it is. uh, in the i can, we can so i can tell you about what is the there, there is no big difference between uh these uh, the labor the uh,

labor costing uh, in china or in india or even in brazil in terms of the city culture. because farmers, they work for themselves in brazil, they are integrated, then they work in the way. i have explained it as the best way to, to work and they receive the best quality of hybrids. help support them and they take out all the and the through and then they will return it to the company and the company will produce the best quality of russell at but in the, in china and in india. whenever you have these kind of integration of pharma, we'll choose those bays more and then there will be no that, that in the there is no big difference between uh, seeing their labor costs for them. if they will, they will get more or less the same price. and there is some difference between the

purchasing power of the call in each in each country. and it is related with the market price more than any other things. but there is no signature, significant difference in this in this, in this case, because of farmers, they are not the employees. they are self employed. yeah. they are in the market. thank you so much, jo. alberta do for all your time today. while the silk industry has provided jobs for hundreds of thousands of people who work along the supply chain, the losers are the so forms were killed after weaving the silica coons every cycle, roughly 3000, so forms are killed to make a single pound the silk. they're usually boiled alive while they're still inside in order to preserve the material quality, thread, length, and value. because otherwise, they would chew their way out of their cocoon, when they become an adult. and break the thread. an ethical alternative to

conventional cells has emerge called i sima. so this is made by allowing so forms to complete their metamorphosis into moss before harvesting armor is make little cuts at certain positions of like a cooling that allows cell forms to hatch or maintain the precious filaments. at the same time, the coons are collected as a residual product and boiled afterwards. the silks typically lead to 10 extra days in the process to allow the cell forms to grow and hatch was some additional steps in labor. this compared to traditional salt farming, which would usually only take 15 minutes for the same process. and while the salt industry also generates a lot of waste in the form of push this so rough, so on wheeled waste, the coons and other organic ways from plantations waste products are found to have remarkable qualities for use in various industries like pharmaceuticals and

cosmetics. a 5 bro, in in the silk thread with anti bacterial properties, is used for tumor treatment wound haley and college and re generation. it is now also used in anti aging and anti wrinkled pains and ointments. so it is encouraging that the suck industry has taken steps to make production less wasteful and sustainable. i'm christy. i thanks for watching. and we'll see you right back here next time on the cost of everything. the i'm a film director, i've written many scripts during my career, but i thought really curious couldn't neural networks collaborate with a human to make a documentary film the brand new set up so much for me not to reach out to the volume of sheriff comergence,

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divisions deep and over in the chair as echo off activates its military forces while we have for communion, reportedly stands against intervention. these areas themselves, hope dialogue will prevail. but say they are ready to defend themselves if necessary. we expect acura wants to come to it sensors because their current approach is an antique people approach, since they simply want to intervene militarily in order to satisfy france. the german saw some of that back in the natural leadership. we've been to options for many years, but now with the races and won't go back. a family that keeps on growing just stays before the annual break summits. morocco becomes the 23rd country to apply for entry into this for teacher economic alliance.