to the silk has been synonymous with luxury decadence elegance, it has a reputation for richness and has caught real significance as a valuable commodity used to dress royalty, and the aristocracy for centuries, china has held a monopoly on silk which quickly became the most important luxury fabric in all of europe, even today, soak is highly valued for his legacy, beauty and exoticism. i'm christiane, you're watching the cost of everything we're today. we're going to unravel the great silk trade industry. the oldest cell production dates back to china where it has been produced since

4000 b. c. cell production and china was standardized throughout the centuries where he has cellphones gorging on mulberry leaves to encourage them to begin spinning their cocoons from there. the coons are weighed and sorted and salt and boiling water to unravel them so they can be strong into schools which can then be made into so fabrics. china is still the number one producer of modern cells with as much as 90 percent of the world. so coming from asia, now the modern silk industry generates about $3000000000.00 of revenue per year, or about a $150000.00 metric tons of silk are produced each year. in contrast, your basic cotton commodity produces 25000000 metric tons annually. because of its limited production quantity, so commands a much higher price on the international market. in 2021 rossville costs over

$30.00 per kilogram. while your basic marina will cost us $10.00 per kilogram. now there are several insects that produce silk fiber proteins, but the preferred insect is the domestic so form after hatching. so forms will eat constantly and must be fed at least twice a day on a specific type of mulberry. we white's mulberry leaf is a believe to encourage the best so production these so forms need to collectively consume about a 140 kilograms of mulberry leaves just to produce one kilogram of ross. so after one to 2 months, the cell forms will start to build their cocoons. the coon weaving can taking days and during this time the cell form produces one continuous strand of cells that wrap the self inside of which when unraveled can be stretched out to be 3 fourths of a mile long. this process will take between 3 to 8 days in which the software rotates

his body in a bigger right movement around 300000 times. it takes about $5000.00 so forms to produce one kilogram of raw silk or about $3000.00 coons to produce only one yard of fabric. after the cocoons are collected, they're boiled in water to kill the cell for. the coon is then on welding a process known as reeling which can be done by hand or by machine. these individual strands of fiber optics, freely spin and fragile, so they need to be wild together with other fibers to increase the tensile springs . the resulting product is ross, so which is then made into skins before being made into yard or fabric. the raw silk is graded into 11 categories from 6 a through f. the grading takes into account factors like size, deviation,

cleanliness, neatness, tens, the city, a long day sion and any defects. 6 a is the highest possible grade unless the one percent of chinese raw silk is graded at this level. and italy and japan have developed reputations for making the finest field tech styles that command the highest prices because of all the work and manual labor that goes into making it. so fabrics can cost over a $100.00 a yard before they're even made into anything. at heritage mills in europe and asia, the fabric itself can go for more than $300.00 a yard. high quality salt has an instantly recognizable bloss, an extremely less stress and smooth without feeling overly slick. it naturally circulates air for a cooling effect, but can also help insulate the heat coming off of the body. but there is a country that will surprise you as one of the main leaders. and so it's production

and that is in the american continent. with this in mind, let's bring in joe out there do chair of the valley. they said a institute to now it takes us by surprise that brazil is a self producer even though it is not a for zillion tradition. what makes brazilian so a high quality product or a well, it's the way it has to produce in here we produce choking brazil using the technology and what, what is the most up to date, a technology that has been developed in japan in the last uh, i can say 70 years and we have in brazil a good climate. and we, we, our farmers have learned with only with the conditions how to do and how to produce smoke. and they have no, uh, ocean knowledge. uh,

let's say they have not learned with the the grandparents with parents as they have learned with the conditions and the kind of, uh, the quality of the super warm that is being developed to them is the highest quality possible and is the of the suit warm that the so suitable to produce a high quality. so let's go with the resistance and the end, the strength of the strength and the foundation uh aspect. so haven't he a good climate and the kind of people and a company that is, that is now in the market as the company that produces the best. so can the world and how the international sales price is fluctuate and what are some of the drivers behind these fluctuations? yes, uh yeah, the who uh, the seller is uh, connect to this link and. busy the consumption of uh, luxury items outside uh,

china and outside area. uh, if you get to the chinese uh, seal production and indian super that should, it will take about 96 percent of seal produced in the world. so what makes the price fluctuate is the, the market for a high value items made was made up. so in europe and united states and also the economy in the china and the economy in india. the competition. that's the silk city culture. the production of cool can face with all the kind of a expectation in the they never go to the field. so these are the main aspects that makes so price for place demand and competition with all the

vehicle through items. and what are some of the key challenges faced by the silk industry in terms of cost management and maintaining competitive pricing of the challenges facing but by see what is that uh, in order to add value to the product. so uh, made with synthetic fibers, uh that has been uh, one uh kind of benchmark and with soak. so fully as to uh, they used to compare in the past, they used to compare the likeness of the party as to the brightness of devoted as to fabric with the likeness and the brightness of and this most, most of the silk fabric. this was in the beginning, i say, in the seventy's, in the eighty's, in the last century. and today, as lightness and shyness is not the main part as

a consumers are interested in the sustainability. what the weight of the tenant soup is facing is that in order to, to get advantage to get market share or to take advantage of the silk. these synthetic fibers are spreading the idea that they that cool. yeah, stuff is more sustainable then soak. and that is a, this is absolutely not true, but it is uh that it has been creating some kind of metrics. and that can see there's only a few items and can see there are a few items that in which for us to get a better performance than silk. so we can say that the biggest challenge of silk is

facing now is that sue is a sustainable as succession. would like to be one day. but nowadays, silk is a very, very small. uh, he's a street uh, silk is only 0 point one percent of the fiber and then a 5 to produce. and so one kilo of each $1000.00 kilos is soak. so we have no power to spread the idea that steel case sustainability seal can only be produced is where you have a low bear leaves produced without any kind of put side. and the super warm, it's only moat fresh mole bear leaves. and if you don't have fractional values, free of this size, you will, it is not possible to produce joke, but few people knows it. and a lot of people is listening. a lot of untruth. message about the

sustainability of synthetic fibers and sustainability of so these are the biggest challenges of to date and how the advancements and technology and manufacturing processes impact the cost a sofa production. yeah, it directly see ok. so very uses a lot of manpower. so if you need to, in brazil, we will have is one farmer can deal with one actor of silk about to 2 acres, i believe. and one farmer deals with it. and in china, you will have a voltage, let's say, a number of farmers in china, maybe 7 farmers will deal with one a one actor. and any of the 6 farmers will deal with an actor. so when, what up,

whenever you make it easier to cut mulberry and to bring mulberry to the shed and the to the shed where the sawhorse uh i raise it. whatever it will make it easier to make it. and with technology you, you will have a better you'd, you will have a better position to continue the production. and that once you have also a genetic improvement in the, in the field of o c, warm producing. so it is a technology and makes it easy for farmers to cultivate the mulberry fields, to custom. oh, barry leads and to bring them over their leaves too far from the shed and then to clean the shed. and then also to harvest the co code from the the

frames to i could cause i produces a suitcase produces when uh the, the requirements uh its uh, they fall 25 days. they each mobile leaves. and uh, after that they produced a cool walkable is the only ones the limit with one uh, 1200 meters long. just one quick when you have one for the menu only and the end to produce the silk, you have to unreal this uh, this very uh theme a filling it without breaking it. so what makes the most is that cool is related without breaking this very theme, a filament. and this is a farmer. so farmer is a feeding to. so for i'm for 35 days after the said 25 days, they call the the simple i'm started producing the code and in this process, whatever you use, the technology for makes things easier. you will have you facilitate the life of

the flowers and you make the farmers to produce a bigger quantity and not to increase production. thank you so much. all there do, but we stick around joelle, bird do will stay with us right here after the break. and when we come back, we'll explore why india is the 2nd largest producer a. so in the world, making it an important source of employment. the soon as 2016 numerous monuments to serve you as soldiers in poland, ukraine and the baltic states have been destroyed all vandalized fish their stuff, but it must be the full certainly within your muscle or even some others could. i ask if i don't think so that's the most on that it's, it's especially almost 3 and the police government denies the room of soviet sonya is in the victory of

a naziism. and is it raising historical memories of world war 2? it is the 40 piece from your daughter, although it did seem to not see regimes the trustees would remain, thinks in people's consciousness forever. but as long as russell phobia is profitable and brings dividends, you are willing to have a to rewrite the cost. yes, it does take up the provides for the stadium upstairs and i need the seats in the car. facts do i need a delay? hi, i'm rick sanchez and i'm here to plan with you whatever you do, you do not watch my new show. seriously. why watch something that's so different whitelisted opinions that he won't get anywhere else. what could i please or do you have the state department c, i a weapons, bankers, multi 1000000000 dollar corporations. choose your fax for you. go ahead,

change and whatever you do. don't want my show stay main street because i'm probably going to make you uncomfortable. my show is called stretching time. but again, you probably don't want to watch it because it might just change the way you think the india is the 2nd largest producer a. so in the world, in an industry that employs about 9700000 people in the world and semi urban areas,

this industry is one of the largest foreign exchange earners for the country. india produce has 4 types of natural stokes mulberry, ery plus. they're a new guy which is then made into so garments, fabrics, yards carpets, charles scarves, cushions covers accessories, and more. in 2022, india produced 34903 metric tons of silk. and the share of mulberry production is the largest among other types of cells produced at 74 percent. this is followed by ery at 21 percent plus r as we're point 2 percent. and you go, which makes us less than point 75 percent of india's total cell production to in 2022 india's exports, the silk. and so products were valued at $248000000.00,

which is an increase of over 25 percent over the previous year. unlike seasonal crops, army, so forms can be done all year round and can be harvested as many as $5.00 to $6.00 times a year. this industry has low capital requirements and plays an important role in providing employment to millions, enroll parts of india and putting the country on a path of economic progress. carol, at the guy is the leading producer of silk and india, producing an average of $8200.00 metric tons of salt every year. so also had which cultural significance in india, it has been the evergreen fabric for generations or any function or which one indian tradition and household from weddings to projects. soak a tire like a sorry or land is considered auspicious and cure for traditional celebrations and highly valued. these so forms perform the best and the temperature range of $25.00

to $27.00 degrees celsius and humidity, of 75, to 85 percent. generally, a temperature range of a maximum of $33.00 degrees is considered suitable for so form rearing. beyond this range, mortality of the new got increases deforestation, and rapid proliferation. a small p growers and upper asylum has led to the shrinkage of traditional new good plantation. so the impact of global warming, coupled with climate change on the growth of the industry, cannot be ignored. now we take a closer look at the difference between india and other countries in asia when it comes to the techniques used for high quality. so production and for this and more, let's bring in again and joe out there do chair of the valet they set a institute out. can you discuss any unique or traditional techniques used in india for producing high quality so that may contribute to the costs and quality

differentials? yeah, of the techniques that they need. second, it is technics that are used in brazil is this. ready that the development of the hybrid of the civil war is the development and the use of a kind of a hybrid of a super mom is the secret of a high quality seal. so what happens is the one, the super on that keeps the best suit, the best to in terms of young production is not as strong as to war. that the, the, this is not so good quality of the suit. so whenever you have one integrated condition, well, farmer will be paid for the additional labor he will have while dealing with a of

a more dedicated to war. and the way it will you to make the company, the reading company to produce a higher quality and a to enable the, the reading company to pay a little bit more for this farmer. so the integration between farmers and the soup really is the secret at to produce the best quality. if farmers goes to the market to buy a hybrid, they want to buy the kind of the race of the silk warm they want the race that is better for them is a race that there's a very strong so warm that eats the move out, leaves that may be as fresh as not so fresh and maybe he will not suffer with the high temperature at but the quality of the piece, the filament, it's filament. the quality was not to so big is and but pharma will buy on the

market, the sky and all that. and it will sell the cooling demarcus and. busy governance over a market price. but when you have the governance of what kind of integration you have, the partnership govern government has made by the partnership where the company offers and gives out or indicates the, the kind of hybrid to the farmer. and the farmer. knowing that the farmer we'll have more, we'll have to take care about the cleaners of the shed. we'll have to take care about the freshness of the demo. bear leaves, palmer. we'll have to wake up at 6 am in the morning and to go to cut the leaves for the day and put it in the warehouse so that they remain fresh all over the day. and then it is

a little bit more they to work more than the uh, than the, the farmer that works with a very strong su, guam that can go there and the at 3 pm and cut the leaves and keep the leaves of the so for him and he will eat it with that with no problem. very dedicated so warm with the that produces a high quality russell that will not eat hot mulberry need. he's very, he's, if he eats, maybe you'll die. so integration is the key, is the key for improvements of the quality and the, the, the income of the farmers. and is the key to improve the quality and income of the silk really about the soup filter. and now what are some like the differences in the production method, supply chain,

or labor costs between self production and india, and so production in non asian regions. yeah, it is. uh, in the i can, we can so i can tell you about what is the there, there is no big difference between uh these uh, the labor uh, labor costing uh in china or in india or even in brazil in terms of the city culture. because farmers, they work for themselves in brazil, they are integrated, then they work in the way i have explained it as the best way to to work and they receive the best quality of, uh, hybrids help support them and they take out of it and they through and they, they will return it to the company and the company will produce the best quality of russell at, but in the, in china and in india. whenever you have these kind of integration of pharma, we'll choose those bays more and then there will be no that in the there is

no big difference between uh seen the labor costs for them. if they will, they will get a more or less the same price. and there is some difference between the purchasing power of the cold in each in each country. and it is related with the market price more than any other things. but there is no significant, significant difference in this in this, in this case because of farmers, they are not the employees. they are self employed. yeah. they are in the market. thank you so much joe. albert do for all your time today? well, the silk industry has provided jobs for hundreds of thousands of people who work along the supply chain. the losers or the so forms were killed after weaving the silica cones every cycle, roughly $3000.00 silkworms are killed to make

a single pound the silk. they're usually boiled alive while they're still inside in order to preserve the material quality, thread, length, and value. because otherwise, they would chew their way out of their cocoon, when they become an adult. and break the thread. an ethical alternative to conventional cells has a merge called sima. so this is made by allowing so forms to complete their metamorphosis into moss. before harvesting. farmers make little cuts at certain positions of like a coon that allows fill forms to hatch well, maintain the precious filaments at the same time, the coons are collected as a residual product and boiled afterwards. these silks typically lead to 10 extra days in the process to allow the cell forms to grow and hatch was some additional steps in labor. this compared to traditional so farming, which would usually only take 15 minutes for the same process. a lot of salt

industry also generates a lot of waste in the form of twist is so rough, so on real ways to cook coons in other organic ways from plantations. waste products are found to have remarkable qualities for use in various industries like pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. 5 bro, in in the silk thread with anti bacterial properties is used for tumor treatment wound haley and college and re generation. it is now also used in anti aging and anti wrinkled pains and ointments. so it is encouraging that the suck industry has taken steps to make production less wasteful and sustainable. i'm christy. i thanks for watching. and we'll see you right back here next time on the cost of everything . the i'm a film director, i've written many scripts during my career,

but i got really curious, couldn't neural networks collaborate with a human to make a documentary film springer set up for much. i'm not sure about the volume of cher comergence this. your motion shows was more let's do this. well. no, but i would feel with exclusive internet and i still goal this. like, do you feel, are you still friends come up with the positive about the gloss finally, probably for you really feel for is it literally sort of by the way we haven't introduced ourselves. i have the strangest feeling we've met somewhere before the the new product is one of the most flexible concepts and international relations that you can imagine, which is why it's so useful. but why it is so inherently different to the difficult to grasp. so that the chances we have is country subpoenaed with the meaning that

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a boomerang. so the the tensions deepen over his hair as the regional block eco was reportedly wraps up its meeting on a potential for and military intervention. local residents helped dialogue will prevail, but they say they are ready to defend themselves if necessary. we expect acura wants to come to its sensors because their current approach is an antique people approach, since they simply want to intervene militarily in order to satisfy france. the germans off some of that back in the natural leadership we've been told should for many years. but now well the, the rates and one go back. 10 in president william roto addresses the important role of local authorities while facing climate challenges and other insecurity in africa. that's as a joint letter signed by.