frontier, sir, so basically we bought and is equal enough, it seemed the entire economy because of the situation. for example, where us conflicts on goes up because of the rising energy prices on foot prices. and on the central bank, what is your point is coming to you so you get that to revise the money to a point is the rate all you see and the commercial endeavor to go up the non performing low ratio measure on box. go on. yeah. about 4 major and funds that i've already indicated in traveling and go thing, but i have to go to raise additional cost with all the shop is balance sheets, a force that we have to end it there. but very interesting indeed to go. so in depth into that, thank you very much, calvin. i'm on u. l. c. o, at the nigerian food and beverages for dirty hills. enjoyed talking to you. thank you so much. i, you know, i finally just had the citizen indonesians proudly celebrated on thursday to mark 78 years since their so east asian nation occurred independence from grew up in

colonial power. then the netherlands, wearing festive cost. you and some of the tree fun performed in the capital of jakarta, while others conducted on our till recently. and the media initially proclaimed its independence in 1945 then 4 years later, the current modern state was doctor's independent state is one of the most important and widely celebrated holidays. the company dr. lots for now, but just a reminder for up to the minute developments today, give her a page on x for me. twitter. the potato was a big silly organization. it claims to be defensive military lines. but at the same time, claims it must constantly expand. add to this, the alliance is quite projects debility in reality, it projects instability and security, and made russia,

if it's primary care. the silk has been synonymous with luxury decadence, elegance. it has a reputation for richness and has cultural significance as a valuable commodity used to dress royalty, and the aristocracy. for centuries, china has held a monopoly on so which quickly became the most important luxury fabric in all of europe. even today, soak is highly valued for his legacy, beauty and exoticism. i'm christiane, you're watching the cost of everything we're today. we're going to unravel the

great silk trade industry. the oldest cell production dates back to china where it has been produced since 4000 b. c cells production and china was standardized throughout the centuries where he has cellphones gorging on mulberry leaves to encourage them to begin spinning their cocoons from there. the coons are weighed and sorted and salt and boiling water to unravel them so they can be strong into schools which can then be made into so fabrics. china is still the number one producer of modern cells with as much as 90 percent of the world. so coming from asia, now the modern silk industry generates about $3000000000.00 of revenue per year. we're about a $150000.00 metric tons of silk are produced each year. in contrast, your basic cotton commodity produces 25000000 metric tons annually. because of its

limited production quantity, so commands a much higher price on the international market. in 2021 rossville cost over $30.00 per kilogram. while your basic marina will cost just $10.00 per kilogram. now there are several insects that produce silk fiber proteins, but the preferred insect is the domestic so form after hatching. so farms will eat constantly and must be fed at least twice a day on a specific type of mulberry we. white mulberry leave it believe to encourage the best silk production. these so forms need to collectively consume about a 140 kilograms of mulberry leaves. just to produce one kilogram of ross, so after one to 2 months, the cell forms will start to build their cocoons, the coon waiving containing days and during this time the cell form produces one continuous strand of cells that wrap the self inside of which when unraveled can be

stretched out to be 3 fourths of a mile long. this process will take between 3 to 8 days in which the cell 4 rotates his body in a bigger right movement around 300000 times. it takes about $5000.00 so forms to produce one kilogram of raw silk or about $3000.00 coons to produce only one yard of fabric. after the codes are collected, there boiled in water to kill the cell form. the coon is then on wound in a process known as reeling which can be done by hand or by machine. these individual strands of fiber optics freely then and fragile, so they need to be while and together with other fibers to increase the tensile spring. the resulting product is ross, so which is then made into skins before being made into yard or fabric. the raw

silk is graded into 11 categories from 6 a through f. the grading takes into account factors like size, deviation, cleanliness, neatness, tens, that city along ation. and any defects the 6 a is the highest possible grade, unless the one percent of chinese raw silk is graded. at this level, france, italy and japan have develop reputations for making the finest field tech styles that command the highest prices. because of all the work and manual labor that goes into making it. so fabrics can costs over a $100.00 a yard before they're even made into anything. at heritage mills in europe and asia, the fabric itself can go for more than $300.00 a yard. high quality salt has an instantly recognizable bloss, an extremely less stress and smooth without feeling overly slick. it naturally

circulates air for a cooling effect, but can also help insulate the heat coming off of the body. but there is a country that will surprise you as one of the main leaders. and so it's production and that is in the american continent. with this in mind, let's bring in joelle bear do chair of the valet they said a institute. now it takes us by surprise that brazil is a self producer even though it is not a per zillion tradition. what makes brazilian so it's a high quality product. but uh well it's uh, the way it does to, if is producing here we produce so can result using the technology. i know what, what is the most of the day, the technology that has been developed in japan in the last uh, i can say 70 years. and uh, we have in brazil a good climate. and we, we, our farmers have learned with only with the conditions how to do and how to produce

choke. and uh they have no uh, ocean knowledge. uh, let's say. busy have not learned with the grandparents with parents as they have learned with the conditions and the kind of uh, the quality of the suit warm that is being developed for them is the highest quality possible and is the the super warm that the says reachable to produce a high quality su with good resistance and the, and the strength of the strength and the foundation aspects. so we have a, he a good climate and the kind of people in a company that is, that is now in the market as the company that produces the best. so can the world and how the international sales price is fluctuate. and what are some of the key drivers behind these fluctuations?

yes, yeah, the who uh the silk is connected this link and. busy the consumption of uh, luxury items outside of china and outside india. uh, if you get to the uh, chinese suit production and indian. so for the trip, it will take about 96 percent of sales produced in the world. so what makes a surprise fluctuate is the, the market uh for a high value items made was made of c o, in europe and united states, and also the economy in the china and the economy in india. the competition, that's the silk said culture, the production of cool can face with all the kind of a the expectation in the end of your quarter afield. so these are the

main aspects that makes so price by place demand and competition with all the vehicle through items. and what are some of the key challenges faced by the silk industry in terms of cost management and maintaining competitive pricing? the challenges faced by c o is that uh, in order to add value to the product. so made with synthetic fibers that has been uh, one uh kind of benchmarking with soak. so fully as to uh, they used to compare in the past they used to compare the likeness of the polio as them the brightness of the pole yester fabric with the likeness and the brightness of and this most, most of the silk fabric. this was in the beginning, i say,

in the seventy's, in the eighty's, in the last century. and today, as a likeness in china is not the main importance. uh, consumers are interested in the sustainability. what the weight of the tenant soup is facing is that in order to, to get advantage to get market share or to take advantage of the silk. these synthetic fibers are spreading the idea that they that cool. yeah, stuff is more sustainable then soak. and that is a, this is absolutely not true, but it is uh that it has been created some kind of metrics. uh, that can see there's only a few items and can see there are a few items that in which for us to gets better performance then silk.

so we can say that's the biggest challenge ciocca is facing. now is that so is sustainable as a fashion. we'd like to be one day. but nowadays, silk is a very, very small uh, the, the street uh, silk is only 0 point one percent of the fiber and then a 5 to produce. and so one kilo of each $1000.00 kilos, the silk, so we have no power to spread the idea that seal case sustainability to can only be produced. that is where you have a mo bear leaves for this without any kind of put side. and so on. it's only mote for ash mole barely. and if you don't have fractional values, free of this size, you will. it is not possible to produce joke,

but few people knows it. and a lot of people is at least sending a lot of untruth. message about the sustainability of synthetic fibers and sustainability of so these are the biggest challenges of to date and how the advancements and technology and manufacturing processes impact the cost a sofa production. yeah. directly. see ok. so very it uses a lot of men power. so if you need to, in brazil, we will have one farmer can deal with one actor of silk about to 2 acres, i believe. and one farmer deals with it. and in china, you will have a voltage that's a number of farmers in china. maybe 7 farmers will deal with one

a one actor. and any of the 6 farmers will deal with an actor. so when, what up, whenever you make it easier to cut mulberry and to bring mulberry to the shed and the to the shed where the so far i'm or as uh i raise it whatever it will make it easier to make it. and with technology you, you will have a better you'd, you will have a better position to continue with the production. and that once you have also a genetic improvement in the, in the field of o, c, warm this. so it is a technology and makes it easy for farmers to cultivate the mobility fields to custom. oh, barry leads and to bring them over leads to fall,

to the shed and then to clean the shed. and then also to harvest the cold from the of the frames, right? because i produce a seal because produce and when the super arms uh its uh they fall $25.00 days they each mobar leads and the f 30. they produced a cool walkable is only one filament with one, uh, 1200 meters long. this one quick when you have one filament only, and then to produce the silk, you have to unreal this uh, this very, a theme. a feeling it without breaking it. so what makes 6 most is that cool is related without breaking these very same filament. and this is a farmer. so farmer is a feeding to. so for i'm for 25 days after the said 25 days, they call them the simple i'm start producing the code. and in this process,

whatever you use the technology to makes things easier. you will have your, facilitates the life of the flowers and who makes the farmers to produce a bigger quantity and to increase production. thank you so much. all there do, but please stick around. joe, albert do will stay with us right here after the break. and when we come back, we'll explore why india is the 2nd largest producer a. so in the world, making it an important source of employment. the, i look forward to talking to you all that technology should work for people.

a robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except we're so shorter is that conflict with the 1st law show alignment of the patient. we should be very careful about personal intelligence at the point, obviously is to makes a trust rather than fit the various mean with the artificial intelligence we have summoning the theme and the robot must protect his phone. existence was alexis, the india is the 2nd largest producer, a. so in the world, in an industry that employs about $9700000.00 people in the world and semi urban areas. this industry is one of the largest foreign exchange earners for the country . india produce has 4 types of natural stokes mulberry ery test. they're

a new guy which is then made into so garments, fabrics, yards carpets. charles scars cushions covers accessories and more in 2022. india produced 34903 metric tons of silk. and the share of mulberry production is the largest among other types of cells produced at 74 percent. this is followed by ery at 21 percent, plus our of 4.2 percent. and you got, which makes us less than point 75 percent of india's total. so production to in 2022 india's exports, the silk. and so products were valued at $248000000.00, which is an increase of over 25 percent over the previous year. unlike seasonal crops for me, so forms can be done all year round and can be harvested as many as $5.00 to $6.00

times a year. this industry has low capital requirements and plays an important role in providing employment to millions, enroll parts of india and putting the country on a path of economic progress. carol, at the guy is the leading producer of silk and india, producing an average of $8200.00 metric tons of salt every year. so also had which cultural significance in india, it has been the evergreen fabric for generations or any function or which one indian tradition and household from weddings to projects. soak a tire like a sorry or land is considered us vicious and cure for traditional celebrations and highly valued. these silkworms performed the best and the temperature range of $25.00 to $27.00 degrees celsius and humidity of 75 to 85 percent. generally, a temperature range of a maximum of $33.00 degrees is considered suitable for so form rearing. beyond this

range, mortality of the new got increases deforestation, and rapid proliferation. a small p growers and upper a saw has led to the shrinkage of traditional new go plantation. so the impact of global warming, coupled with climate change on the growth of the industry, cannot be ignored. now we take a closer look at the difference between india and other countries in asia when it comes to the techniques used for high quality. so production and for this and more let's bring in again and joe, alberta do chair of the valet de set a institute. now can you discuss any unique or traditional techniques used in india for producing high quality so that may contribute to the costs and quality differentials? yeah, the techniques that they need to connect the technics that they are use it in brazil is do so on that to the development of the hybrid

of the su 4 is the development and the use of a kind of a hybrid of a super mom is the secret of a high quality steel. so what happens is the one, the su 4 on that keeps the best silk. the best to in terms of young production is not as strong as a suit or that the the produce is not so good quality of the suit. so whenever you have one integrated condition, well, farmer will be paid for the additional labor he will have while dealing with a more dedicated to war. and will it will it to make the company, the reading company to produce a higher quality. and they to enable the reading company to pay

a little bit more for these farmers. so the integration between farmers and the suit really is a secret ad to produce the best quality. if farmers goes to the market to buy the hybrid, they want by the kind of the race of the civil war and they want the race that is better for them is a race that there's a very strong so warm that eats the leaves that maybe it's not as fresh as not so fresh and maybe he will not suffer with the high temperature at but the quality of, uh, the piece uh, the filament is filament. the quality was not to so big is and about pharma will buy on the market. these kind of bag and we'll sell the cooling demarcus and the governance of the market price. but when you have the governance of

a kind of integration, when you have a partnership govern government has made by partnership where the company offers and gives out or indicates the, the kind of hybrid to the farmer and the farmer knowing that the farmer we'll have more we'll have to take care about the cleaners of the shed. we'll have to take care about the freshness of the demo. bear leaves. farmer we'll have to wake up at 6 am in the morning and to go to cut the leaves for the day and put it in the warehouse so that they remain fresh all over the day. and uh, and it is a little bit more they to work more than the uh then the, the farmer that works with a very strong su, guam that can go there and the at 3 pm and cut to the leaves and keep the leaves to

the so for him, and he will eat it with that with no problem in a very dedicated sit warm with the the that produces a high quality russell at the will not eat hot mulberry needs. he's very he, if he eats, maybe it will die. so integration is the key, is the key for improvements of the quality and the, the, the income of the farmers. and is the key to improve the quality and income of the silk really about the fuel filter. and now what are some like the differences in the production method, supply chain or labor costs between self production in india. and so the production in non asian regions. yeah, it is. uh, in the i can, we can so i can tell you about what is the there,

there is no big difference between uh these uh, the labor uh, labor costing uh in china or in india or even in brazil in terms of the city culture. because farmers, they work for themselves in brazil, they are integrated then they work in the way. i have explained it as the best way to to work and they received the best quality of uh, hybrids of soup warm and they take out of it and the flu and that they will return it to the company and the company will produce the best quality of russell at but in the, in china and in india, whenever you have these kind of integration of pharma, we'll choose those bays more and then there will be no that in the there is no big difference between uh, seen the labor costs for them that they will they will get

a more or less the same price. and there is some difference between the purchasing power of the cold in each, in each country. and it is related with the market price more than any other things. but there is no significant, significant difference in this in this, in this case because of farmers, they are not the employees. they are self employed. yeah. they are in the market. thank you so much joe. albert do for all your time today. all the silk industry has provided jobs for hundreds of thousands of people who work along the supply chain. the losers are the so forms for killed after weaving the silica coons every cycle. roughly $3000.00 silkworms are killed to make a single pound the silk. they're usually boiled alive while they're still inside in order to preserve the material quality, thread, length, and value. because otherwise, they would chew their way out of their cocoon,

when they become an adult. and break the thread. an ethical alternative to conventional cells has emerge called i sima. so this is made by allowing so forms to complete their metamorphosis into mosse. before harvesting. farmers make little cuts at certain positions of like a coon that allows so forms to hatch while maintaining the precious filaments. at the same time, the coons are collected as a residual product and boiled afterwards. the silks typically lead to 10 extra days in the process to allow the cell forms to grow and hatch plus some additional steps in labor. this compared to traditional so far me, which would usually only take 15 minutes for the same process. a lot of salt industry also generates a lot of waste in the form of twist is so rough, so on real ways to cook coons in other organic ways from plantations. waste products are found to have remarkable qualities for use in various industries like

pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. 5 bro, in in the silk thread with anti bacterial properties is used for tumor treatment wound haley and college and re generation. it is now also used in anti aging and anti ranko, queens and ointments. so it is encouraging that the suck industry has taken steps to make production less wasteful and sustainable. i'm christy. i thanks for watching. and we'll see you right back here next time on the cost of everything. the i'm a film director, i've written many scripts during my career, but i got really curious, couldn't neural networks collaborate with a human to make a documentary film or a new set up from what you want me to reach out to about is the volume of cher

comergence this, your motion shows you the most do this well, no, but i would feel with exclusive internet and i still can use like do you feel are used to things come up with the positive which look aloft? finally, probably for you really feel pores of literature, sort of by the way we haven't introduced ourselves. i have the strangest feeling we've met somewhere before. the a new product is one of the most flexible concepts and international relations that you can imagine, which is why it's so useful. but why it is so inherently different, the difficult to grasp so that the chances we have is the country subpoenaed with the meaning that is useful to them and hopefully to, to all this because i didn't, i didn't, i didn't score it means i'm not taking the side of either of completely the

tensions deepen over nature of us being regional block echo was rough. so up on me thing focusing on a potential foreign military intervention. local residents hope dialogue will prevail, but say they're ready to defend themselves if necessary. we expect decker wants to come to a defensive because their current approach is an anti people approach, since they simply want to intervene militarily in order to satisfy france, the germans, i'll send it back in the mid to leadership. we've been told shifts for many years, but now we're liberated and one go back. 55 people are kills. i'm scores more wounded. i made a violent flushes in the.