the, the silk has been synonymous with luxury decadence elegance. it has a reputation for richness and has caught real significance as a valuable commodity used to dress royalty, and the aristocracy. for centuries, china has held a monopoly on silk which quickly became the most important luxury fabric in all of europe. even today, soak is highly valued for his legacy, judy and exoticism. i'm christiane, you're watching the cost of everything we're today. we're going to unravel the great silk trade industry. the oldest cell production dates back to china where it has been produced since 4000 b. c, cell production and china was standardized throughout the centuries. where you have

cellphones gorging on mulberry leaves to encourage them to begin spinning their cocoons from there. the coons are weighed and sorted and salt and boiling water to unravel them so they can be strong into schools which can then be made into so fabrics. china is still the number one producer of modern cells with as much as 90 percent of the world. so coming from asia, now the modern silk industry generates about $3000000000.00 of revenue per year, or about a $150000.00 metric tons of silk are produced each year. in contrast, your basic cotton commodity produces 25000000 metric tons annually. because of its limited production quantity. so commands a much higher price on the international market. in 2021, ross still costs over $30.00 per kilogram. while your basic marina will cost us $10.00 per kilogram. now there are several insects that produce silk fiber proteins,

but the preferred insect is the domestic so form after hatching. so farms will eat constantly and must be fed at least twice a day on a specific type of mulberry we. white mulberry leave it believe to encourage the best silk production these so forms need to collectively consume about a 140 kilograms of mulberry leaves just to produce one kilogram of ross. so, after one to 2 months, the so forms will start to build their cocoons, the coon waiving containing days and during this time the cell form produces one continuous strand of cells that wrap the self inside of which when unraveled can be stretched out to be 3 fourths of a mile long. this process will take between 3 to 8 days in which the software rotates his body in a bigger right movement around 300000 times. it takes about

$5000.00 so wants to produce one kilogram of raw silk or about $3000.00 coons to produce only one yard of fabric. after the coons are collected, there boiled in water to kill the cell for the coon is then on wound in a process known as reeling which can be done by hand or by machine. these individual strands of fiber optics, freely spin and fragile. so they need to be while and together with other fibers to increase the tensile spring. the resulting product is ross, so which is then made into skins before being made into yard or fabric. the raw silk is graded into 11 categories from 6 a through f. the grading takes into account factors like size, deviation, cleanliness, neatness, tens, the city, a long day sion and any defects. 6 a is the highest possible grade unless the one percent of chinese raw silk is

graded. at this level, france, italy and japan have develop reputations for making the finest so tech styles that come in the highest prices because of all the work and manual labor that goes into making it. so fabrics can cost over a $100.00 a yard before they're even made into anything at heritage mills in europe and asia . the fabric itself can go for more than $300.00 a yard. high quality salt has an instantly recognizable bloss, an extremely less stress and smooth without feeling overly slick. it naturally circulates air for a cooling effect, but can also help insulate the heat coming off of your body. but there is a country that will surprise you as one of the main leaders, and so it's production and that is in the american continent. with this in mind, let's bring in joe out there do chair of the valley. they said

a institute. now it takes us by surprise that brazil is a self producer, even though it is not a per zillion tradition. what makes brazilian so it's a high quality product. but uh well it's, uh, the way it does to, if is producing here, we produce to convert 0 using the technology. i know what, what is the most of the day, the technology that has been developed in japan in the last uh, i can say 70 years. and uh, we have been brazil a good climate. and we, we, our farmers have learned with only with the conditions how to do and how to produce choke. and, uh, they have no uh, ocean knowledge. uh, let's say they have not learned with the grandparents with parents as they have learned with the conditions and the kind of uh,

the quality of the soup warm that is being developed to them is the highest quality possible. and is the, the super warm that the says, treatable to produce a high quality su, with good resistance and the end, the strength of the strength and the foundation uh, aspects. so what, haven't he a good climate and the kind of people and a company that is said that is now in the market as the company. busy produces the best. so can the world and how the international sales price is fluctuate and what are some of the drivers behind these fluctuations? yes, uh yeah. the who uh the silk is uh connect to this link and what the consumption of uh, luxury items outside uh, china and outside area. uh, if you get to see the chinese seal production,

an indian super that should it will take about 96 percent of the seal produced in the world. so what makes a surprise fluctuate is the, the market uh for a high value items made was made of c o, in europe and united states, and also the economy in the china and the economy in india. the competition that the silk city culture, the production of cool can face with all the kind of a, the expectation in the they never go through a field. so these are the main aspects that makes uh, so price by place demand and competition with all the vehicle through items. and what are some of the key challenges faced by the silk industry in terms of cost management and maintaining competitive pricing?

the challenges faced by c o is that uh, in order to add value to the product. so made with synthetic fibers that has been uh, one uh kind of benchmarking with silk. so fully as to uh, they used to compare in the past, they used to compare the likeness of the party as to the brightness of the bully, esther fabric, with the lightness and the brightness of and this most, most of the silk fabric. this was in the beginning, i say, in the seventy's, in the eighty's, in the last century. and today as a likeness and shyness is not the the main importance. uh, consumers are interested in the sustainability. what the weight of the tenant

soup is facing is that in order to, to get advantage to get market share or to take advantage of the silk. these synthetic fibers are spreading the idea that they that cool. yeah, stuff is more sustainable then soak. and that is a, this is absolutely not true, but it is uh that it has been created some kind of metrics. uh, that can see there's only a few items and can see there are a few items that in which for us to get a better performance than silk. so we can say that the biggest challenge of silk is facing now is that sue is sustainable as a fashion would like to be one day. but nowadays the silk is a very,

very small uh, either street. uh, silk is only 0 point one percent of the fiber and then a 5 to produce. and so one table of each $1000.00 kilos is silk. so we have no power at least brad, the idea that seal is sustainability seal can only be produced. that is where you have a mover leaves produced without any kind of put site and so on. it's only moat, fresh mole barely. and if you don't have fractional values, free of this size, you will, it is not possible to produce joke, but few people knows it. and a lot of people is listening. a lot of untruth. message about the sustainability of synthetic fibers and sustainability of so these are the biggest challenges of today and how the advancements and technology and

manufacturing processes impact the cost of sofa production. yeah. directly. see ok. so very uses a lot of the men power. so if you need to, in brazil, we will have one farmer can deal with one actor of silk about to 2 acres, i believe. and one farmer deals with it. and in china, you will have a about, let's say, number of farmers in china, maybe 7 farmers will deal with one a one actor. and any of the 6 farmers will deal with an actor. so when, what, whenever you make it easier to cut mulberry and to bring mulberry to the shed and the to the shed where the sawhorse uh i

raise it. whatever it will make it easier to make it with technology you, you will have a better viewed. you will have a better position to continue with the production. and that once you have also a genetic improvement in the, in the field of o c, warm producing. so it is a technology and makes it easy for farmers to cultivate the mulberry fields, to custom. oh, barry leaves and to bring them over their leaves to so i was to the said and then to clean the said and then also to harvest the code from the the phrase, right? because i produce it a seal because produce it when the suit where arms. uh its uh they fall $25.00 days they each more bear leads. and after that they produced a cool walkable comb,

is only one filament with one uh, 1200 meters long. just one quick one. when you have one filament on it and the end to produce the silk, you have to unreal this uh, this very, a theme, a filament without breaking it. so what makes 6 most is that cool is related without breaking these very themes, a filament. and that this is a farmer, so farmers feeding to so for i'm for $35.00 days after the said $25.00 days, they call them the software. i'm started producing the code and in this process, whatever you use the technology to makes things easier. you will have your, facilitates the life of the flowers and you make the farmers to produce a bigger quantity and to increase production. thank you so much. all there do,

but please stick around. joe, albert do will stay with us right here after the break. and when we come back, we'll explore why india is the 2nd largest producer a. so in the world, making it an important source of employment the on the page. so it's a big, silly organization. it claims to be defensive military lines. but at the same time, claims it must constantly expand. add to this the alliance is quite projects,

stability. in reality, it projects instability and in security and made rushing its primary to them. the 22nd 2022 found raised orthodox christians confronted ukrainian security service offices, looking entrances and exits. the key is owed as monastery. looking for a russian spies among the monks and we mean zoo uh seen us. uh and it goes and why not. the reason for the brutal crack down one churches parishioners, its on a song about the 2 own being reason enough to condemn any orthodox christian attack, imprisoned and even killed the flash of what i knew. i shot my hands to pick her up

so many was store any store to fill our flight in? total thought, i see. we used to use the nodes, december, the new phone i used to miss dog this is need in india is the 2nd largest producer a. so in the world, in an industry that employs about 9700000 people in the world and semi urban areas, this industry is one of the largest foreign exchange earners for the country. india produce has 4 types of natural stokes mulberry, ery plus. they're a new guy which is then made into so garments, fabrics, yards carpets, charles scarves, cushions covers accessories, and more. in 2022, india produced 34903 metric tons of silk. and the share of mulberry production is

the largest among other types of cells produced at 74 percent. this is followed by ery, at 21 percent, plus our of 4.2 percent. and you go, which makes us less than point 75 percent of india's total. so production in 2022 india's exports of silk and cells. products were valued at $248000000.00, which is an increase of over 25 percent over the previous year. unlike seasonal crops for me, so forms can be done all year round and can be harvested as many as $5.00 to $6.00 times a year. this industry has low capital requirements and plays an important role in providing employment to millions, enrolled parts of india and putting the country on a path of economic progress. paralegic i is the leading producer of silk and india, producing an average of $8200.00 metric tons of salt every year. so also had

which cultural significance in india, it has been the evergreen fabric for generations or any function or which one indian tradition and household from weddings to projects the silk attire, like a sorry or land is considered us vicious and pure for traditional celebrations and highly valued these silkworms performed the best and the temperature range of $25.00 to $27.00 degrees celsius and humidity of 75 to 85 percent. generally, a temperature range of a maximum of $33.00 degrees is considered suitable for so form rearing. but beyond this range, mortality of the new got increases deforestation, and rapid proliferation. a small p growers in upper asylum has led to the shrinkage of traditional new good plantation. so the impact of global warming, coupled with climate change on the growth of the industry,

cannot be ignored. now we take a closer look at the difference between india and other countries in asia when it comes to the techniques used for high quality. so production and for this and more, let's bring in again and joe out there do chair of the valet de set a institute. now can you discuss any unique or traditional techniques used in india for producing high quality so that may contribute to the costs and quality differentials? yeah, of the techniques that they need. technical is technics that are used in brazil. is this one that the development of the hybrid of the super warm is the development and the use of a kind of a hybrid of a super mom is the secret of a high quality seal. so what happens is the one, the super on that keeps the best to the best. so in terms of young production

is not as strong as us to war. is that the, the, this is not so good quality of the seal. so whenever you have one integrated condition, well, farmer will be paid for the additional labor he will have while dealing with a of a more dedicated to war. and the way it will do to make the company the reading company to produce a higher quality and a to enable the reading company to pay a little bit more for this former. so the integration between farmers and the soup really is the secret at to produce the best quality. if farmers goes to the market to buy a hybrid,

they want to buy the kind of the race of the suit for them. they want the race that is better for them is a race that there's a very strong so warm that eats the move out leaves that may be as fresh as not so fresh. and maybe he will not suffer with the high temperature at but the quality of uh, the piece uh the filament, its filament, the quality was not to so big is and but pharma will buy on the market, the sky and all that. and it will sell the cooling demarcus and. busy governance over the market price. but when you have the governance of a kind of integration, when you have the partnership govern. government has made by partnership where the company offers and gives out or indicates the, the kind of hybrid to the farmer. and the farmer. knowing that the farmer will have

more will have to take care about the cleaners of the shed will have to take care about the freshness of the demo. bailey's palmer will have to wake up at 6 am in the morning and to go to cut the leaves for the day and put it in the warehouse so that they remain fresh all over the day. and. busy it is a little bit more a to work more than the uh, than the, the farmer that works with a very strong su, guam that can go there and the at 3 pm and cut the leaves and keep the leaves of the so for him and he will eat it with that with no problem. a very dedicated so warm with the, the that produces a high quality russell that will not eat hot mo barry needs. he's where he is, so he eats,

maybe you'll die. so integration is the key, is the key for improvements of the quality and the, the, the income of the farmers, and is the key to improve the quality and income of the silk really about the soup filter. and now what are some like the differences in the production method, supply chain, or labor costs between self production and india, and so production in non asian regions. yeah, it is. uh, in the i can, we can so i can tell you about what is the there, there is no big difference between uh these uh, the labor the uh, the labor cost in uh, in china or in india or even in brazil in terms of the city culture because farmers, they work for themselves in brazil,

they are integrated then they work in the way. i have explained it as the best way to to work and they receive the best quality of hybrids. help support them and they take out of it and they feel and that they will return it to the company and the company will produce the best quality of russell at but in the, in china and in india. whenever you have these kind of integration of pharma, we'll choose those who pays more and then there will be no in the there is no big difference between uh, seen the labor costs for them. if they will, they will get more or less the same price. and there is some difference between the purchasing power of the code in each, in each country. and it is related with the market price more than any other things. but there is no signal significant difference in

this in this, in this case, because of farmers, they are not the employees. they are self employed. yeah. they are in the market. thank you so much joe. albert do for all your time today. while the silk industry has provided jobs for hundreds of thousands of people who work along the supply chain, the losers are the so forms were killed after weaving this. so because every cycle, roughly 3000 silkworms are killed to make a single pound of silk, they're usually boiled alive while they're still inside in order to preserve the material quality, thread length, and value. because otherwise, they would chew their way out of their cocoon when they become an adult. and rake the thread, an ethical alternative to conventional so it has a merge called i sima. so this is made by allowing so forms to complete their metamorphosis into moss before harvesting. farmers make little cuts at certain

positions of like a cooling that allows so forms to hatch while maintaining the precious filaments. at the same time, the coons are collected as a residual product and boiled afterwards. the silks typically lead to 10 extra days in the process to allow the cell forms to grow and hatch plus some additional steps in labor. this compared to traditional salt farming, which would usually only take 15 minutes for the same process. and while the salt industry also generates a lot of waste in the form of push this so rough, so on wheeled waste to cook coons and other organic ways from plantations, waste products are found to have remarkable qualities for use in various industries like pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. a 5 bro, in in the silk thread with anti bacterial properties, is used for tumor treatment wound haley and college and re generation. it is now also used in anti aging and anti wrinkled pains and ointments. so it is encouraging

that the suck industry has taken steps to make production less wasteful and sustainable. i'm christy, i thanks for watching. and we'll see you right back here next time on the cost of everything. the more expensive. and i'm going to play with you whatever you do. do not watch my new show. seriously. why watch something that's so different. whitelisted opinions that he won't get anywhere else. welcome to please, or do the have the state department, the c i a weapons, bankers, multi 1000000000 dollar corporations. choose your fax for you. go ahead. change and whatever you do. don't want my show stay main street because i'm probably going to make you comfortable. my show is called stretching time, but again, you probably don't want to watch it because it might just change the wayne state

the russian states never as one of the most sense key and the best english i'll send send up the in the 65 with this new speed, the one else calls question about this, even though we will then in the european union, the kremlin mission, the state on the russians cruising and split the ortiz full neck, even our video agency, roughly all the band on youtube. the said this was a request which is the

starting 1983 specialist i father on the on the site. that's all exactly the same as a kid does. when he goes out in the lake and the communities isn't for panties with ron, real nice families and allocation for a really long time. my mom was pregnant with me still long winding. and i grew up on long line. i've been having this issue since probably 1970 was my 1st year that i seriously pointed to the exploitable biomass is near historical levels. growth rate have dropped falling when it's done and it's worse form has of leveling effect . and it has a tendency to really just sort of strip away everything that's there. the wave fisheries are changing. it's the way our country is changing. it's increasingly hard for small businesses to make it abundant. stocks are important. i mean, who wants to fish the last bit, the message i would leave to you is the importance of not giving up the importance

of working together and also the importance of taking care of your corner of the ocean. the . the hello and welcome to cross software. all things are considered on peter lavelle. nature was a peculiar organization. it claims to be defensive military lines, but at the same time, claims it must constantly expand. add to this the alliance is quite to project stability. in reality, it projects instability and in security and made russia its primary enemy the

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