the the mankind have been firm and tang grades into wines for thousands of years. ancient culture do use wines as means for communicating with their gods. and even today we can find references to wine as a status symbol. it is often portrayed as a drink of choice for the culture of the educated, the wealthy and sophisticated man. but trends are changing as globalization has brought about the democratization of wind. i'm because the i in today we're going to be exploring the wonderful world of winds from the top producers to the top consumers, the 4 countries, italy, spain, france, and the u. s. produced more than half the wine in the world. italy produces over

44000000 heck, the leaders of wine a year, followed by spain at 35000000. heck, the leaders, france at 34.2, and the us a 24 point one, hacked the leaders and these 4 countries are not surprisingly, also huge. consumers of wine as well, but if we break down consumption by capita, portugal is actually the biggest winner at $51.00 leaders per capita, followed by italy and france. while traditionally, wind has been cultivated in europe, production and consumption has been expanding into the southern hemisphere. south africa is now is that a largest wind producer in the world, and the 6 largest export r a y to lately as 300 year old wind industry is being crushed by rolling blackouts that are delaying harvesting bottling and labeling. the interrupted power also impacts the watering of the vice with stresses out the plans and reduces the size

and number of fruit. this will have a big impact on the producer. profitability, as harvest will be lower. ones harvested, degrades, can become over, right or damaged. if refrigeration or climate control is interrupted, the power cuts can lead to temperature fluctuations. we can switch can adversely affect the fermentation process, resulting in all flavor barrels. the south african wine industry as a result have increased wind prices by 7 percent this year. the wine industry contributed more than $3100000000.00 to the nation's gross domestic product last year, with exports worth $10000000000.00 round. the 2023 harvest is estimated at $1200000.00 tons, which is 14 percent smaller than last year, is due to a lack of electricity in intensely irrigated areas. officials are now concerned that irrigated wind great production isn't sustainable. if locating gets worse,

the u. k continues to be south africa's largest wind export market and bought the wider global trend by increasing their imports for wind by 8 percent last year. despite the higher prices. even though south african wines are mostly consumed locally, there is one winemaker trying to make it a global trend. we are joined by award winning winemaker, carmen stevens from carmen stevens wines to explore some more of the african wine market. so comments what brought you into the wine business and made you a successful award winning winemaker in south africa? so what got me into wine was reading, reading, reading, novels, reading. so i come from a very poor background with one list of a part of my have been but i've been a new about one because wanted to view the negative impact on our communities.

what attracted me to one was i think, appealing, so it comes with wine. no, it's everything is green, everything is beautiful. you know, there's amazing people, these amazing food wine, amazing regions of to, that's really is if i think back now that is probably what she gave me because the community, what i did not ask i liked i liked what wine they proceeded to to me in those knows what those the future hold for south african wine industry. the future for south africa, i think in terms of one is this is quite bright to these. a lot of the young, an upcoming in a j t dynamic new younger generation of one makers coming into into the sector. they kind of

a lot fakes. last experiment they tied to showcase was so if he could, can offer we are based on lots of focus on shannon blanca, not to mention them long, great other south africa and how to improve on what we already have. so i think this new generation of looking and approaching one see different and i think it's going to add basements, lead to, i'll say, i'll growth in the international marketplace. and how does the cost of producing wine very across different wind producing regions around the world? it's a very difficult question on to, to the question, but what i can tell you is that in south africa, the so many patients, let's need it for all winds. and i feel this my personal opinion is that

the world is almost too hot in south africa because we have to have so many patients in place. and what that comes out is equal all week in our winemaking. how if people do we treat our workers? what are, what is the working conditions, which is perfect? i want to make it very clear that's of africa has always been on top of its game when it comes to conditions of work and looking at what people gets paid. but i think in every country you gets you'll, you'll, you'll, you'll whine, some of the one people that doesn't come full. it's not just in south africa. and gets of africa is being, you know, almost the focus is more on what is needed in the south african wine industry than

what is positive through my industry. and that brings us about how difficult is the world when it looks at south africa in terms of pricing or phone lines because we make amazing wines. all winds f o x o let deliver it in terms of quantity units we, i do not see the same reason you coming back to this country because the rest of the world look at us and say, but it's a federal country. and we can get away with pain as little as possible for amazing. one. know if you come to me and you're awesome me how if equal you all things you need to all of this out self. how is it called? is the buying because if you can sell a self african product in your for lease money. oh,

you buy police money and get you off putting that on your shelf so much. i a monkey . how difficult is zack from your site and are you is the, will the thought of the problem of south africa with people not being treated fairly in terms of living wage? what is the world a role in making that more of an ethical training? so would you call the training tubs? because of you seem to not just come from an out of pocket to know that. how, how do i was i'm flipping up fines because it sustained the ability is gone. i don't we keep them producing winds the world one,

all winds the consumer want ones, but we're not getting paid for what we deliver. and that for me is the critical point here. and that for me, sees really to speak to the consumer this, the consumer understand the would difficult. and the problem in being difficult to books, not just in south africa, in argentina, the antennae and all these countries, we wind up being bored at such a lower price point. and so much higher price point in who's making that money. because it's decently in our case not so are there a specific regions known for producing wines more efficiently, resulting in lower production costs? so south africa is $1.00 of those countries we labor is to spill very cheap. so we have a huge workforce. we have

a huge unemployment direct line making in many cases, seasonal thing. so we, i would say that because in terms of what we can do with our labor force makes up the product. probably a little bit less costly. but that doesn't mean it is the face, you know, the faces and be at the we over the level, the t we, we have the ability to, to bring in people that people, they have sorting off with the sun that some of the people in the sun so the fact that we have a workforce that can do that, and really what they call

a minimum wage makes us one of those countries when it comes to costing probably you know, more affordable. now in the past, for us in italy, we're known as having the best and most premium lines. is that still the case, or is there another country that's giving it a run for its money? i think is the world evolves and it has $1.00 microsoft traveling. and she has a non each shaving experience. it's one more the country select south africa is coming to the full i think that's on the quantity perspective. we can compete against anybody. if you choose, obviously these different um, quality products. but if you put this up in any quality practice that gains another kind of t like utility like funds,

i think i think the wolf will be shop. that's what we really are producing and how how more affordable the same quality product is from a company that's an advocate comparison to utility in front. i don't think we have to send back to the anybody. i think we make. we are producing amazing wines. and i think retailers are noticing that's nothing, that is why they such a huge inquiry into something we want what countries are experiencing significant growth in their wind industries and what's contributing to this growth . so i believe that new zealand is really, really booming, using it's prompting new when it's more of an, it's, is the land ease really investing in new wind to be that's often coming

in and the small, not small one easy, huge establishment. you know, um and, and the reason for that is because they sold a much a huge request for new zealand, especially for solving your block in the style of something you've learned that they produce. that said, douglas, leasing that south africa is fall behind in terms of quantity. no, i think it's just a market themselves quite well. and i would say the top segment is quite extend outstanding. some new brands. and because of that investment in, that's the sort of the consumer for that product. they have the ability to grow, that the ability to invest, launch new lines, and obviously must pull it up because we don't get, we know what people are willing to pay for the product doesn't make us really sustainable. thank you so much, carmen, but please stick around. winemaker,

carmen stevens will stay with us right after the break. and when we come back in recent years, wine has captured the pallets of age and consumers worldwide. don't go away. oh the the

there is no end in sight over how you're going to continue to destroy the earth. is the case of the med, most of the people. i tried to go to the gym, but i'm certainly not ready to fight russia. this is also a soon, this is the 3rd world lunacy re washington. as for so the funder line likes to say, we have the tools while we just start with stability and business deals to help me living on that. we have very close propaganda. you know price here in new york. i think we don't know the aftermath any time that you're not allowed to ask questions, you should ask all of the questions. some more questions ask a better. the answer is will be the

while wine is ubiquitous in the western world, there are many asian lines, but there is a very good reason for that. most asian countries are closer to the equator where they experience more tropical climates with plenty of rainfall. this is not conducive to the production of grapes. also, many countries have extreme changes in temperature and climb is with monsoons and tie foods. so because of this, wine is predominantly a western or european alcoholic beverage. but in recent years of globalization, wine has begun to capture the interest of the growing middle class. china has quickly become one of the largest consumers of mine and in recent years have also started to produce wine as well. and this is not an easy feat as the vines must be buried through the winter in order to stay alive during the extremely cold and dry winter's. china is rags. 9th, in terms of wind consumption by country and 40 years,

it's turned to australian wind quickly becoming its biggest buyer and importing 40 percent of australian's total wine exports. but in 2020, after the australian prime minister at the time called for an investigation into cove, its origin, beijing became furious at them for playing political games, meant to assign blame and response. china impose a punitive tear on 116 to 218 percent on australian wind. and the country's biggest overseas market vanished almost immediately. sales to china plummet is 97 percent that 1st year. australian grape growers are still suffering today as a result. as this year there is even less demand for red wine. farmers are facing a choice between selling grapes and a huge loss or keeping costs to

a minimum and not even harvesting. and while many are focusing on the markets in the us, thailand, singapore and malaysia, none of them are big enough to fill the gap left by china. there's still about a 25 percent surplus of national wind gray prop with no obvious destination. china has instead turned to south african and the us wines to phil is demand. meanwhile, japan is leading asians nation in wine in ports in 2022. what is saw? a 31 percent increase in the value of imported wine and 8.9 percent rise in volume . the japan wine market is projected to exhibit a growth rate of 6.3 percent to 2028. as a changing consumer preferences for the western beverages and rising wind torres and drives the market. japanese consumers have been shifting away from traditional alcoholic beverages like soccer in beer and instead of bracing wine, especially among the younger generation who are more health conscious. friends in

chalet and wine are the largest share of japanese imports of wine at 29 and 26 percent, respectively for this and more or less bringing again award winning winemaker, carmen stevens from carmen stevens wines. so how do market demands and consumer preferences influence the growth trajectory of different wind producing countries? it speaks to use the limited space of the month for the product that speaks to the growth the consumer once it's given way in the world, people one store. so looking for new zealand, the, the new zealand style, some of your plans coming out of the country and that makes more and more people wanted big investment for them both for the. absolutely. and what are some of the challenges faced by why makers in different regions that impact their production costs? so i think different kinds of different challenges, or in our case, we had a challenge with war to not so long ago. you know,

resources in terms of 14 electricity for other countries, it might be that they have a bad yeah. and they have to mitigate that. but i do believe that seems to balance himself out of it again, coming back to something i think i'll biggest challenge is probably uh we we, we have to buckle supplies and see if we want to bring in bottles. it's actually extra cost. you know, so i'll challenges out to the product to democracy in the most efficient cost efficient way. and because if you take, if you take a shipment from some africa to europe, it takes about 6 weeks. that these are the challenge we as in your, you know, and fantastic training. the dream is and safety and that is in place makes the,

the flow of getting the product to the market. so much easy and unless it will cost cost effective funding. how do foreign investors influence the wind production or the industry? so these, these being in flux, but the stevie cro o. a city interest of foreign investors into south africa into the windings. because you kids really amazing, amazing deal was in south africa. and if you can be it to what it would cost you to have that in front of you anywhere else in the world, it's like a small fraction of the price people pay your. so i seem to notice in the face of the seeing the potential in south africa, they see that if it's mean it's like the affections price,

and we're definitely seeing more investment specifically in south african agriculture land for wine. it's good for us. i think i think it's fantastic that the world is really looking into some africa for that, you know, for the future for, for growth in this, in the south african wine industry. and i, i hope that this, that would open more markets for some freaking winds, because lots of people that's using these things really has access to walk. and if they can take this on, i think i'm a product out. it's a move mancha to give it to move, presence fantastic for us and carmen. how, how's the rise of e commerce platforms impacted wind sales and distribution? absolutely, and i think the best example of that is doing cove, you know,

suddenly enough, you know, but if you prefer for quite some time we will open mouth. so ones so the restaurants will close in. so what happened was that the wine res, via nice, we need to put something else in motion. yeah. and a lot of them launched that forms online platforms and sold one online. that was to be delivered often the restrictions was lifted. so the online text forms, as really boomed and scope, it also a show, the wind, these as was probably not so up to date was the new technology in terms of the intimate how to promote themselves and the but much more speak to flight. it's a cheaper way that we're using social media to also help that on. and suddenly more

and more people are using um, social media and the e commerce platforms and they are seen really of the trust fund, which is fantastic. thank you so much, carmen for all your time today. globally, wine is a category that is in slow decline, with fewer and fewer people drinking less wine every year. well, economic uncertainties are leading wind consumers to come back on discretionary spending. it seems at premium winds are still performing significantly better than their lower price counterparts. one of the biggest global trends in the drink sector is moderation moderation rates are the highest among the younger wine consumers with the age group below 34, significantly more likely to reduce alcohol consumption in some way. however, low alcohol whine and sparkling wines our growth markets in areas like the us, germany, japan and the u. k. so it seems like the wine industry will have to pivot in order

to accommodate the tastes of the younger generation in order to avoid being the biggest loser. i'm christy. i thanks for watching and we'll see you right back here next time on the cost of everything. the the two's 2060 numerous monuments to some of the of soldiers in poland, ukraine and the baltic states have been destroyed or vandalized fish their stuff. but it must be the full certainly within. yeah, i'm not sure. or even some others could. i skip everything so that's the most on whether it's it's especially almost 3 of the police government denies. the rule of soviet sonya is in the victory of a naziism and is it raising historical memories of world war 2 is the 40 because when you order, although it did seem the non c regimes, the trustees would remain,

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