and despite the 71 percent of the earth's surface being covered by the water, u. n. world water development report, states one and 4 people in the world, do i have access to clean drinking water? i'm scared of using on this edition of 360 view. we're going to examine why the u. n. is painting such a stark picture regarding the water supply in various regions and one scientist vision top efficiently solve the crisis. let's get started. the from tiny, cyan or bacteria to the largest male in the ocean. every organism needs water to survive. i'm amazing. 2023 a year. we're technology allows many to control the daily functions of their house without even being home or having a robots to brain surgery. one would think scientists could figure out how to make

clean water available to wall know at the surface water look simple at the complex and multi faceted levels of the global water crisis continues to create a situation where there was an inadequate supply of safe and clean water, which meets the need of a growing population. now here are some numbers for you, which i found to be shocking. 54 percent like access to clean water and niger, a country and western advertising. desert region. the over on the island nation of papa new guinea and the pacific ocean. 55 percent, actually like a basic water services. 71 percent of the 11 and population base, a critical water shortages and the water crisis even exist in more developed countries . as an estimated 2000000 people do not have access to drinking water in the united states with 1000000 of them be in california. and europe,

over 60000000 people like access to water capable and drinking and 31000000 need water for basic sanitation uses. so why has this problem not been fixed? well, it's not about the money, even though billions had been spent by government, all the names of fixing the problems. and yet the problem continues to grow for was the lack of money is the problem. in fact, it costs less than what you think. the real research institute found that securing clean water for the entire globe by 2030 with cost just over one percent of the global the g d. p is only about $0.29 per person per day from 2015 to 2030. but the economic benefits outweigh the minimum cost was invested in search ation and water access would yield an average and $6.80 and returned. failing to implement better policy for water management could lead to 2 to 10 percent and gdp

regional loss by 2015. so where's the money going? and what is the real reason behind a solution not being implemented? and well, luckily there are good people who are trying to honestly find a solution, including our guest today, says m siegel who is an american businessman of brighter and activists. is the author of the 2015 new york times of best seller lots. every water is real solution for water start world. here's also a founded or co founded several companies, including the base stock company and 6 point partners. thank you so much for joining us. what exactly classifies a water crisis? you know, the, the real problem is not the official designation of a scientific designation. the problem begins when you start to have a public panic. when people begin to understand that water is giving out where that water is contaminated and it's a 2 separate phenomenon, but they're linked one is that water scarcity, the other one is water quality. but there are criteria this specific levels of

accept acceptable to build an acceptable contamination that in our drinking water. and there are also levels of acceptable drought. but, and because drought is hard to predict how far it's going to go and how long it's going to last a, there's a whole level of drought warnings such as color coded with red and bright red thing being the very worst in terms of drinking water. if you have contaminated water, unless it's a sudden outbreak of some bacteria, which the with comes with a boil alert. uh, that tends to be something that is more systemic and something that um, depending upon what the code of behavior calls for either requires for the field trace rent or, or not as the case may be. we can talk about that some more. how much of this crisis is caused by the environment, or by government corruption or net and just in planning. the great thing about what our problems are, is that they come at you slowly. i mean,

i'm not talking about water main break, but even that i'll explain a 2nd doesn't come at you quick. most water problems come at you very slowly and it gives policy make sir, is government officials, regulators and others. lots of time to fix the problem, whether it's water scarcity or whether contamination, whether it's a water main, that brakes generally it's a pipe that you should have known as long in advance needed to be replaced. so i don't like the word and aptitude cuz i don't love the idea of finger pointing. but let's just say that it means that the government is not adequately incentivized to be focusing on what are problems that can morph into what a crises when they are not adequately addressed to. so at least soon enough, there's no reason why absolutely no reason why globally, we should be thinking of ourselves as being without water. there's enough water out there. it's a question of innovation, it's a question of technology. it's a question of will to move and jump over the problems that we have and fix them

as we can with it with existing technologies. is there a reduction of surface water from the past, or is there just a result of the growing world population and the lack of safe and secure drinking water? the amount of water in the world today is we'd like to say is exactly the same amount of water as the time of the dinosaurs. it's a, it's a fixed amount which never changes. what changes is the amount of water that is contaminated either because of the come see water, clean water becoming sea water or contaminated by human interaction, or by animals contaminating water through, through their behavior a through eating and biological processes. so the amount of water doesn't change, as is fairly widely known, only a very tiny percentage of the global water though is, is fresh. water is on salty water, about 3 percent. and about 2 percent of that,

3 about 2 percent of that gross amount is in the polar ice caps. so only one percent of global water is actually available for of, for consumption, for agriculture, for cleaning our homes for flushing our toilets and so forth. now as populations rise, obviously they need more food and as, as people become more affluent, they change their diets and the amount of food that they need to eat or want to eat tends to be ever more water. consumptive. so population definitely has an impact on water supply, economic development, then economic prosperity definitely has an effect on water supply. contamination has an effect and water supply. but the biggest user of water by far is agriculture at 70 to 95 percent in every country. and therefore, by getting your handle on how you use your water for agriculture, is how you're going to positively absolutely. unquestionably. give yourself there's

going to be happy and good. what are future or a, or a stressed what a future climate change while supplying an effect on this, of course, but not to the degree that we can't overcome it through the use of smart technology . is there a universal answer to the water crisis for every country, or does this need to be more specialized based on the region? more importantly, who should be in charge of planning and implementing the plan? could you make it me, could i be in charge of the entire world? i would like to do that. but if it's not going to be me, there are international bodies through the un. there are bilateral treaties between countries that share waterways. there are multi lateral treaties with multiple countries or multiple states that share waterways. like, for example, in the u. s. and the colorado river shared by 7 states, as well as the country of mexico and each of them has their own interest. so

there's a, the, in the more advanced or more economically advanced countries, there tends to be better uh, better systems in place for the sharing of water. but because of climate change, there's been a terrible the series of decisions made unilateral decisions made by some countries to take advantage of waters at the source that it will have very dire impact on, on the countries of communities down river. so 1st i'll do internationally, then i'll talk about the us a little bit. but for example, if china is going to be damning the in this river, which they have done that is going to have a profound and very negative impact on pakistan's. what are future if turkey is going to be damning the tigris and euphrates, rivers, famous rivers. it's gonna have a very, very bad outcome for the people of iraq, for the people of iran, also people of syria. and these are countries that are really are what are stressed

because of population growth does have terrible mismanagement of what resources back to your government and aptitude, comment for other reasons. so be the decision by individual st. oh, we need more water and we're going to take it for ourselves. opens the door to all kinds of terrible outcomes down downstream down river. now in the us, the colorado river has, is been the source of a very long term, a 101 year old. so a set of rules called the colorado river compact, which governs how and how that water should be used. but um, but likewise there, you know, the states are looking at for their citizens. mexico was looking at the rich people, and it leads to all kinds of conflict that can and should be avoided by intelligent planning. i'll say just one more thing. the country of egypt has long made very robust use of the nile river. well, ethiopia, which is up stream of,

of egypt on the nile, has made a decision start damning denial for its own use for its own water, for its agriculture and for electro, a hydro electricity. now that's going to have a very deep and profound impact on each trips future with a population about a $110000000.00 in growing very quickly. lot of poverty, very deep amounts of agricultural use. about 95 percent of a freshwater. there is use for agriculture. i predict very bad outcomes if the countries along the nile river don't make a decision to start being smarter about how they use their water for agriculture. but if they do that, if they're able to do that, and if you can have, whether it's un or the african union or some other body to help mediate that, what are use? as you can have that to you, you can have a good outcome. if you don't, you can have a very bad outcome. thank you. says please take a route to because after the break we're going to examine the various water quality challenges to the individual regions around the world. and you might be surprised

who the biggest challenge or has nothing to do with science and audience they, they, they are expertise very harshly against these they, they also have a huge company because they have a strategy both. let's say they want to gain as you money to the me least. so if i is for them very to cite on and the big one is a medical the, there's no end in sight over how you're going to continue to destroy the or is the case of the med, most of the people. i tried to go to the gym, but i'm certainly not ready to fight russia. this is also a soon. this is the 3rd world lunacy re washington. as for so the funder line likes

to say, we have the tools while we just start with stability and business deals. what should i need something moving on. now, we have very quick propaganda. you know, a price here in new york. i think we don't know the aftermath any time that you're not allowed to ask questions, you should ask all of the questions. some more questions, ask the better. the answer is will be welcome back. we're going to continue our discussion about the challenge to provide drinking water around the world with a set of siegel, a step as an american businessman, rider and active as he's the author of the 2015 new york times best seller, that there be water is real solution for a water star world. he's also founded or co founded, several companies including the bean stock group and 6 point partners. and so that you have pointed out how one of the smallest countries and one of the driest regions in the world is among those of which have the best developed policies and

techniques. explain why you feel this way about what israel is doing. well, 1st of all, it's totally feasible. i wrote a book about this topic. it's called left therapy. water is relative solution from water stopped. the world as a book is actually it's out a few years now, but it's still very much in print. it's now out in 24 languages and spent a best seller in the us and in many countries around the world because people are concerned about what are scarcity. and by the end, they are simultaneously amazed by what is real has done to overcome that. what a scarcity israel as an a dry is region of the world. israel has the fastest growing rate of population over the past 75 years since his role was founded. as a state of any country in the world, this was the fastest growing population. after a single port and south korea, it is the 3rd. it is after those 2, it is the fastest growing economy in the world. and israel has suffered terribly from climate change, losing about $25.00 or so percent of its average annual rainfall. and yet despite

all of that, despite going from about 800000 people to about 9400000 people in that time period is released today. enjoy robust amounts of water let's if they're living in new york or london, there's an is all the water people need because people are careful with the water and israel. so water abundant that they provide water every single day for the people of gaza. even when the rockets are flying out of gaza, israel's pumping water into gaza, about 60 percent of the household. what are use in the west bank comes from is really sources in israel, also exports water to the kingdom of jordan. so how do they do all that? they did it because of thinking about what are issues for a long time, developing what are revering culture, having smart, very smart governance, a political governments getting politics out of out of the application of how use water using market forces, charging the real cost of water. and copious,

enormous amounts of technology permeating every part of the is really water story, which is why every drop is utilized efficiently and frequently multiple times. and it's, it's so in that regard, not every country is like israel. israel has a long sea coast so they can do so the foundation, but not every country is like is real but with a rich or poor, with a land locked or adjacent to waterways. every country can learn from israel in terms of its focus on water. and what it does that i hasten to add by the way, that thousands and thousands of what are officials, government officials, corporate executives and others come to israel every year to learn what israel has done in water so that they can take that message back to their countries or companies, or communities, or regions or societies, and utilize some of these really methodology and in what they are doing themselves it's, it's really quite a extraordinary story of how this small country,

which is often times believe your estimate security point of view was able to create this robust water society. okay, so let us know of east where there is a major issue regarding water contamination. like what is happening in india, where around 200000 inhabitants in the country reported to have poor water quality politic, serious health rest of the population. now what's interesting is this is nothing new, it's not a new problem in india. therefore, what our leaders doing. so that they can find a solution. what more should they be doing? yeah, the, the problem is pricing. in india, they basically give away the water. they charge, you know, a few rupees, a few pennies for large amounts of water. and the cost of the fact that they are giving away the water. there is no sense of conservation on the one hand. and also there's no money available to fix the water system. so the system leaks uh greatly you lose sometimes with a 60 or 65 percent of the water coursing through the system as low as the leaks,

which is crazy, but through not always the case, but almost universally over 30 percent of the water is less the leaks, and simultaneously, the water supply i is contaminated because of the course of a lack of regulation that protects from dumping into those rivers. you made reference to dumping of chemicals from factories dumping of animal waste and so forth. and that creates a crisis in many, many, many communities by the way, in the u. s. i wrote a book about another book about this, or a book called troubles water. what's wrong with what we drank and troubled water? what's wrong with what we drink? i highlight even in the united states that we are not exactly perfect in terms of providing water quality where we can and you may think, oh, which is limited to flint, michigan, but that's not true. we have contaminated what are the different levels of contamination? very, very, very widely throughout the united states,

except that the standards that say this is what you're allowed to be contaminated up to this level and people are drinking. what are thinking? it's healthy when it's legally, it's legal, but it's not necessarily safe. and there's a big difference with drinking water, whether it's legal, water, or safe water. now, there are times as in india, s u. s. weird exceeds the legal standard. and it's actually a health hazard. but, but that comes down to whether or not there is the will and the wallet to fix the what are problems when you have other problems that you prioritize of water. over time, you're going to have a very bad water outcome. since we're looking at various regions around the globe, i want to ask you about south america. in brazil is another country i was astonished to read about. the country is home to the mighty amazon river and tropical landscapes. and yet some 30000000 people just under 15 percent of the population, all like access to reliable and safe drinking water. again,

what is going on in brazil and what is the solution? yeah, so it's not surprising if you look at a map. and the reason i say that is because where there are great quantities of fresh water like the amazon or hudson and they up in canada, they're actually very few people. so where you can match the amount of water with large population center, say like lake michigan where chicago or lucky are, are, are right on the shore line. then you have a good match between fresh water supply and population. but frequently what you have is you have population that has developed in areas where it's what are adequate for the 1st development and then populations keep growing and you don't have adequate water for that. and so what a scarcity becomes ever more a problem. now, i've been to brazil, i've lectured in purcell of the problem bad brazil also is that you have these slum

costs are val, as you have the slum areas that can easily have their water problems fixed it's, it's in the slum areas where you have these great amounts of contaminated water that people are tracking. now what you should be doing, what they could be doing and should be doing is capturing all the sewage of their community. and then using existing technology, not very fancy, not very sophisticated technology treating it to an ultra high pure level and returning it is called potable reuse as reusable drinking water. or if that's too gross for people were using the water for local agriculture. either of those works fine. in israel, they don't do direct potable reuse. they treat all the water that they by far the greatest capture of sewage in the world is in israel. and they treat about 85 percent of the national sewage, and then they use it exclusively for agriculture in some parts of california and arizona. they capture the water, treat it, and reuse it for drinking water. either those are,

are adequate and fine. it's mostly a psychological issue, not a health issue, but when you are just going to leave things to chance and, and not supply water to your communities, you're going to end up with both contaminated water and with an inadequate amounts of water. i hasten, did one more thing in, in about quotes, the last century in california and the south west decisions were made to divert waterways so that they'll be adequate amounts of water for growing communities in the south west in california. so that's a big and disruptive project. it's expensive that every country can afford that. but every country can afford to take their sewage and treat it and reuse it. and that's something that i am a strong advocate for and, and if you're between the 2 where you have some money but not portions of money, you also can choose to be selling $8.00 water if you're nearby an ocean or see you

can do the same thing there and get plenty of high quality, very, very safe drinking water for your population. finally, north africa. now this is right in the backyard israel, which we just spoke about. the region is remarkably arid and less reliable, fresh water resources, about 90 percent of children in this region actually live in areas. considered water stress. what can be done here, practically speaking, when the problem seems so universal? is this an actual emergency? well, there's certainly some parts of north africa that are in dire stress. there was certainly parts of other countries that are in dire stress as well. right now. we still have a little bit of time, not a lot. and the, and the choices there are either either engineering programs to divert existing waterways that are, that are, that are adequate to provide water like denial for a sudan and for egypt. and there are also a north africa, of course is

a bunch of the mediterranean sea. so, and most of the large cities of north africa that whether it's uh libya or algeria or morocco like news. yeah. most of them are close enough to the mediterranean, that they could be the selling, eating water and making use of it that way. all of them are producing, of course, sewage on a daily basis that could be capturing that water and treating it. so when people have bad, what are outcomes? and sometimes it's because of climate change, sometimes because of population growth. but almost always, it's because of an adequate attention to detail, far enough in advance to start thinking about how you can fix your water for yourself and possibly if your neighbors is real. but you just mentioned is, is it not a miracle because miracles come from god, i suppose. but it's something of a phenomenon because of the fact that so many people in the country for so long

over a 100 years now have been thinking about what are, have been spending larger amounts of their, of their government resources around water, and so forth. i, i like to share a short story if i'm a, which is that when my book let the water came out and hebrew i came for the publishing launch there. and much to my delight, i was invited to come to the prime minister's office to sit with the prime minister . now i already knew from my research that the 1st prime minister of israel, whose diaries i read, is doing so my historical research will let the book let there be water. was thought about what are on a daily basis because his diary was just filled. the comments about what are projects and what are worries and so forth. and likewise, the 3rd prime minister of israel, maybe escal, had been the head of the national water authority. and he obviously was deeply concerned about water issues. but why it was not expecting was some 70 years if the founding of the state to have the current prime minister, who is benjamin at the who was still the prime minister, would be so sophisticated about whatever issues i come to his office. i started the

a quick photo op hello, good bye. and indeed he sat me down. we spoke for 45 minutes. and a lot of that time with him talking about his insights into what israel was doing and what are and what they can do. more of now, i've traveled all over the world and i must say, i've never had an experience like that with another head of state. even when i testified before it agriculture and environmental committees, it's at the parliaments and legislatures around the world. i've not seen the same level of sophistication, and it's the cost of that attention to the issue is real is where it is. and if we get more focus on what are issues. more people thinking about it, more university courses about it, or public officials dealing with it. more media doing this as you're doing today, then you're going to have a very different outcome that'll work future. we can have it. we can have a very good word or future. we'll just focus on the issue. well, thank you says, i'm say go for all of the work you are doing to help fix this problem around the world. now in order to address the complex and urgent and global water crisis,

there needs to be a combination of policy changes, technological advancement, and most importantly, a willing government body on the local, national. and of course, global levels all working together. it is crucial. everyone works to ensure an equitable and sustainable water future for everyone in the present. or else no one is guaranteed at clean water in the future. the sky using this has been your 360 view of the news affecting you. thanks for watching the

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