[000:00:00;00] the picture was a part and take it off to the end of the cold hoard the man who made it possible. mikhail gorbachev literally remarked that the opportunity to build a new one thought it was 12. because every year this president just has to have a war. he didn't leave to see the current conflict in ukraine, but isn't a new world order finally shaping out due to the use of force by russia or to

discuss it. i'm now joined by rain, millers and professor emeritus told him university. i'm a former advisor to me, co guard by charles on issues of international law. professor miller's and it's great to talk to thank you very much for being available. happy to be with you. thank you. now you've written before the professional it base you have had 3 different lives being born and raised in soviet era. estonia then moving to moscow to get to your doctor in law and then moving all the way to kings college, london and teaching there for quite some time. and that gives you a very inverse of tile exposure to various systems through various ideologies. and what i find very interesting is that unlike many other public intellectuals of your generation, you are open about uh oh, i'm accepting about a parts of your professional life, isn't it?

i'm safe, at least in the west to be you know, so open about your connections, historical connections with russia. i have benefited from it prof. chanel issued slave. because i have at least 3 different viewpoints from which to all the other world. as towing in a small country, one well was pro top and then a restaurant. when i went to rush, i was taken to the army. i didn't think it was the soviet union, the soviet union in moscow. i wasn't actually a very good one. if i jump up even, and so i stayed in boston quote to jump there. and when i finished my curry, i went to moscow university. i graduated from the law of the department on z. wasted. asked that english thinks as well as well. you went all the way to as one point serve as a, as an advisor to the president of the you. yeah, i'm sorry. yes it was at the end of them i do need to to replicate the beginning of

the 1996. exactly. and then i went back to his tonja being the 1st deputy, 40 minutes down for a while, for 40 minutes to even and on the when the i watching while i to, to uh huh. i fell on those little fake. i'm no excess. a centennial profess. so let's see, i went to the and the states that have for my wallet, we went to yes, i taught know that a period of a very cosmopolitan life, which many of us experienced has ended a couple of years ago. but i know that in 2019 before it actually ended, you receive the order of friendship from the hands of none other than vladimir put him in. i'm sure uh that kind of association may have cost to some personal or professional relationship and certainly isn't. must have become a liability after listening i said 2022,

the dispatch of my life to in the to ask you and i look professional for me to see the world from different colors. but yes, i asked the last friends a lot of this way and it is not easy even in their family with my son, sometimes we have cool. it brought up in the video cage. okay. do they ok. we have 2 friends of yours. we have friends little of course, but i have lost that because of a so i have not have all tale of friendship. for example, i always specially because i am not condemning god. once. height is lea, a bad option, the innovation over the you're not the embracing. if you are, because now you've been pretty critical of some rushes actions, which i hope we can talk about. but before that, i know that when you receive the order, you said that's international law, which is your main professional subject international law. as we know,

it could not exist without the russian. ironically it 40 years later its validity, if enforceability is indeed being called into question, do you think international more as a universally accepted and upheld set of norms? does it still work? does it even though i believe international lawyers move booley crises, batteries with crises to you in the every domain of international relations and domestic affairs as well. but international law has called left, i hopefully for a while by the task because international law and a jordan, this short presentation, when i was doing this, i want to of also that why actual because international law has been based on the balance of power by chance of interest by the power a special live. but this balance of power the said p out in the world into 19

ninety's. so there was no a want to balance that mary can power. there was within food or engine. so thank you, by chance all for a kind of the world level removed from the warm center. it is now cold available space international water interests. right? yeah. so essentially this phrase conceptualized what was in the works for some time, even before that because i think it's mostly the by the ministration that is using it very actively. they never, ever use international law anymore. no, no. oh, you know, it's pushing into a night and ninety's when the these dimensions of most of western countries in africa in latin america. sometimes they by little full. sometimes they were a little full for i. so it was in 1999 when

a nate to embody the so it'd be all over the cost of up then uh after they faced is interesting that after a they to, i will then there was a international commission onto the each east of the you know of the united nations created and they phone date. so you to interesting a that the war was you lee ago, but really cheap to me. so this was such a clear, a reference that to something he's prohibited by international law throughout higher videos like clipping over news, which can be protected even a case, the international law. international law busted aside many uh, also uh, instances like the creation of international with premium, the have quotes and which or if they were effective and impartial a dispute. uh,

i have been if they are way at all. so i will come one moment, but mr. uh for his brothers impartiality presupposes equality. i mean, and if for suppose that the law, i mean, i think that's the basis of the very poor, deficient of the old is that what makes it hello is that it gets applied to everybody when it's applied selectively. can you claim that it's still law? it disappeared all most, but during the these 19 ninety's and then figured off a war and of 2003, which brought to all sold lee code and a, by the way it is interesting guy. i'm leaving him that you ok and the legal profession has to be all the ways very uh, just pick the, the posho and the international lawyers into, for you in the office. i gave them the assessment of, uh,

this the innovation of here. ok into a phone 3. i'm they all declared that it was a leak. but now things have become different even in the country where the flow was fairly ad respected was whether the whole point of difference very often teams respect international you mention as many wars that the west initiated and fox. so theoretically speaking, uh, people in the west, no, that were exist. why do you think there's so much unnerved by this conflict with the russian because they have been exposed towards before to conflicts before a yes, you this maybe not really a very good question to introduce the most important question. why such a different reaction? for example, what the, the iraq, the innovation of telephone, the 3, what's called

a shop count or a better each and a. so there was no shopkins or in europe, there was a disrupt. and, or in the yes, i have to bump ottoman and so on. all of a i've mentioned already there will now i guess to be out so high of boardman had no boots on the chrome throw in the rock, which was a bit different, but all started with high altitude of boardman. i don't think that they told them that because it is in europe, and they are full of all costs as low. so it is also that somebody has said, charlie's the power of the united states and collect the file west and they have full ease on the accept about. so i don't know the author attending, she's where mind the ones that now it is. oh is that i see already is

a challenge and i believe they are for the very end up proper. com diabetes, or of course the effect the you know, another similarity with the soviet union perhaps. now, professor millers and we have no proof again that, but we have to take a very short break right now. we will be back in just a few moments. state you, the known in vietnam, the american war, the vietnam war lost its almost 2 decades and dragged in numerous countries.

not any time right now. and then you don't really know what to go on. and the hundreds of thousands of american troops was sent to the country to bank the south vietnamese on me. and the american soldiers murdered resistors mercilessly burned down entire villages and spread dangerous chemicals. and even lee by all right, did the americans ever fully acknowledge what they did and on the vietnamese veterans ready to forgive? yeah, yeah. yeah. that's, that's a ways to go. yeah.

the welcome back to was a part of this rain miller, some professor emeritus as a tell him university professor mallerson and when you were received it and receiving that border of friendship from the house of elijah. unfortunately, you also said that that period is in history of the unit polarity, of the united states, a pointing itself as the indispensable nation was a fairly anomalous and temporary phenomenon in the history of international relations. but the americans are clearly not giving it up without a fight. and i want to ask you how far existing, the current confrontation between the west on the one hand, the rush of possibly china, possibly some other uh uh, disagreeing countries. how far do you think it may go?

i believe it will code a white default, and a it is uh, attendance it, which will continue for decades. uh, at least, maybe even longer. but i, who, and even though this is, i hope so that the equity face of confrontation, these specially in ukraine, will end with the new york future with kind of ceasefire and may compromise these but, but i their new world order if it emerges some kind of force or humanities, of course, i don't think that it will be they of, it's a world where that there will be a peace between all the countries. i, there was no, was there, but there will be, in my opinion a, they collect the west, the about the list and then the race to like out outside child and either

on eating the african a countries who are not, uh, fully english, to collective uh what so i said, i don't want to assume the full boss a very didn't distinguish a big dish, a diplomat. and uh, i can make funeral that no power who has had an opportunity to come in late as failed to don't mean neighbors. you may be one of the irons, loss of international relations of geopolitics. therefore, it is even natural, probably at that to the right of states wants to come to you to, to meet the world. and there was, this would be somebody who brings to send, so it is uh, the set up because what it is and that variation i believe. and the interest beach i you also mentioned is that when they uh uh,

it's gonna be an atheist as well as it was not the who will but what, what he said. now if there is only one impact of a pow wow, really what one center which wants to terminate this is on that based on the best, never being uh, so with that, somebody a who would have to be there to use that who, what, what was these 3 of them are you guys don't, i'm not even happy to do them in 8, but also they want everybody to be, it becomes like him or he comes to having the same value or something but was not on the of the interest. but the value is for the professional movers, and for that to happen, you know, a nation has to have enough resources because domination is not good. it brings you not only advantages, that's a huge liability. and one of the reasons why the, your ceasar didn't leave. so long as it's wanted it was because it's simply couldn't deal with all the mounting,

domestic and external pressures. do you think that is this thing that this is something that the west takes into account, that it simply doesn't have the capacity neither mental nor financial capacity to impose its will either through military or force or through soft power on the rest of the world. because it can, you imagine somebody, uh, even if they were in america and watching done talking like, you know, oh, but they say the system is lucky for you, just counting on what you like, deep and then the to be elected. you have to maybe, you know, america, yes, they will. they may come to census because of they have overstretched. the but now i that you left. okay. just on uh recently. uh yes, i have a window of uh 20 as a lower the government is about to shut down because they know that they cannot

pass the back up. but yes, but they can still uh, because of having got the last one is of color and survey is guns. do uh, exploit to other countries. uh, uh, both sanctions, i guys, they, they own allies in europe. uh. even so they come to somebody probably. but how long pick come they so i don't know, maybe they also of probably it's a soviet union call up because of different know the one that is a little bit strange and have dentist on it and so on. but about 5 to they cannot exist and was a role in new fact. and also there was so many different be a nation, so i have a warranty to have the independence of. so we'll say, and by the way we have the same phenomena among the american. no, manila americans always because you have. so dear randy, you have turkey or have a number of other countries or not striking out directly to go to the united states, but quite often go against the american the wishes, especially,

let's say the saudis will have the resources that we can allow or pretty you know i'm the bedframe. oh is there or do you live there for know where you are a specially in that freak that uh, in uh, from separate guys uh to french. uh, only that they uh use this opportunity that the restaurant is fighting for it's independent to a place in the world. so they all so full lloyd, this is probably very dangerous for them to play the fuel if they're not in states and europe and leaders in france like more crow on these very much water. a couple of with the about that they, i don't see you if you with collapsing as that's over like let's just a little bit junior on but, but maybe in the future they also

a tried to lead me to the patients in the nation of the world they would try, you know, to have allies in the they have, but also, you know, a sounds like a china, this is the most, uh, maybe uh, important concern. uh for them are you there? boy and ukraine has and deflected they had to interest and a slightly from me. and we are focused on that for a, for a, for a moment because you, you need to call a restless military operation and you create a possible geo political miscalculation. but when it comes to international affairs, i think it puts many countries in that position when they have to choose fairly carefully and you know, way, the american pressure or pressure on one hand that own resources that own trade ties that own your political a policies on the other hand, then many are choosing lots 1000000 dependent cars,

but at times that is far more dependent then it was a year and a half ago. wouldn't be fair to say that a cynical is it is because of the loss of life on both sides, that multiple arrow to you is actually being held by the russian operation in ukraine. yeah. the american pressure. yeah. when i say that this may be right with your political discrimination 1st, a full of policy does have threats you at the bus and i'm friendship because you know, i haven't lived in that after i did you creating the and many times all so i have friends in to upgrade, and therefore i didn't believe that the, they have more level, the stock between the ukraine them. why don't you believe? i mean, look, it's very interesting was not, not, it wasn't the least. i'm also i have the last name, but shouldn't we allow for that possibility the,

for the you said the category. so because in my article in 2014 ukraine, we do both geopolitics it but a published in china, the chinese general international lloyd and white people. oh, deep now of. so they are, it was too worn out. that like could, they will, will, between the georgia and the restaurant they may be, i will between the ukraine and at our shop. so it was professional that have pro which and i, i might be a voting the box, the carter and c. i a deal direct that who are getting his last book it a he read you as a produces, he's a male, this book on police are price where he was that acceptance of for ukraine, georgia to nate will may lead to in the um,

conflicts. so g 4 seats, uh at these and i would say uh, one higher level as towing implementation a i don't, i'm not naming case, but how good for him. but so we have the conversations recently and he told me that he had told united for a tooth on that 14 9th, uh, but the 19142014 uh to the american on by southern is tonja. that nato membership for your grand would be a rental line, which would be the main se, there's some people use a vis a storage implementations id believe because the 2 mainly we didn't want to. we as well as i do now, are you professionally to? yes, i believe based on i as an academic and also practitioner of international law,

east west for see about that it may be happened as a so and, but it was told that as human beings who we didn't want to accept or yeah, of course, because as you saw that's a huge, huge tragedy now. um professor miller's and in my production i reference mikhail gorbachev to whom you served as an advisor on international law. at the time when he was, i think, the 1st and only president of the ussr, and he was a strong believer in peace. but he defined it as not unity in similarity, but the unity in diversity in the comparison and conciliation of differences. do you think that kind of piece is still feasible between russia and the west and a saw? what would it require looked into the future. i don't foresee things that have come to the file and it is not only a julio blow us,

but not a company which checks you propaganda, as it is now with the monetization of the, in the me as an authorized human being get actual exactly what we saw in the run up to the 2nd whole year by the way. yeah. and that they, they are for, it is very difficult. uh to change them right. and then said okay, yeah, we've been wrong. no. oh yeah. oh, we ref, return to the destroying bull or do i of the night to the i just have to go there. i mean, like, it's hard to come back to the original point to business as usual, but do you think it's possible that both russian, that was the real estate, it will say it's very dangerous where we are, is very dangerous. can we just stop here? and i'll go back, but stop where we are. the 1st of all, it is necessary to have at least a ceasefire in ukraine and to talk to start talking,

maybe talk cycle we can go on at certain levels. so i hope that that has very some information on that. and then when it comes down productions are talking to each other and the up, up, up, up, up to even then if uh, this will not in and have a kind of compromise. a is a phone, a then of such a peaceful, a world. europe from a board you'll go to flight, do us talk where i, i don't think that it is part of india. and i shall also has done to the ease of this means so that the, the so a come on your up in whom we should of we check all by show for spoke. uh then it is not possible into the are, it's george, i'm not saying what, but maybe in the many to at decade see it would be possible hopefully. but as

a my last article, i say that was, has changed a lot since a pull up in the eastern boy and a and more speed to info show and at greece then. but they've had a full full pdf with to see that is to the pull up and eat and boy and author at the i'm the books read the ford recently, original date of this conflict. many things the same that acknowledge has changed the oh that that's true. of what people think as a tv and a thought to when they impose to the they have and i have you start the, the creek, city states and so on. things haven't changed. the human nature doesn't change at least. and they ask for it with every nation and diversity with being the desires, dignity, and respect from others. and that's,

i guess the main precondition for any lasting piece. we have to leave it there and, but they've been great talking to thank you very much for that. thank you for the interesting conversation and thank you for watching close to sarah. yeah, and it was

a part of the, [000:00:00;00] the 1935 versus italy, led by dictator benito mussolini decided to expand its colonial empire in africa and take over the opium. by that time, e z o b o was the only fully independent state on the continent. back in 1896. its inhabitants were able, said this the valiant colonists and defend their independence. since then. rome

craved for revenge for the humiliating defeat. in the morning of october, 3, 1935. without any announcement, the foxes attacked ethiopia and bombarded it most severely. d. d o b an armed forces bod, courageously. but the roots allergy of the italians knew no bounds. they use not only massive bombing attacks on civilians, but also chemical weapons, toxic gases. this change the course of the war. as a result of the occupation of ethiopia, by the fastest 760000 people were killed. the capture of the african state was committed with europe's tacit approval. britain and france recognize the annexation, giving the green light to a further fastest expansion in the world. 10 paving the way for the outbreak of