of forty's willingness to discuss the country's class, but not a that much needs to be done in order to secure a full report a strong. this is a highly encouraging foster step under your leadership to deliver progress beyond 10 dot teeth on the beach volk, or half emissions of past. yes. clicking on the queen visited the cemetery of the world war 2, but it runs on the headquarters of the technicians in get, get it, and they will be there within cover to the course of the city of mount plus side. exploratory solved on me. local religious leaders are the question of these political are just these focusing on tier remains. wanted to know our t night will be apart from an official apology and compensation from the u. k. many kenyans are also demanding the withdrawal of british soldiers from the east african country. what we want is looking to see,

we apologize to the completion of the people. and we also want to wonder if it'd be bad to see if i'm in the south side of things that i don't really i blame of ability. those who us up subject to the bridges and effects you know, didn't know to the left with the purchase of the friends in that kind of mind that you are able to tell them. well, let's us launch of the us minute man. 3 intercontinental ballistic missile has ended in failure. the rocket launched from california with the us air force saying the missile went off course, due to anomaly is during the launch, and this was done remotely, that needed over the pacific ocean. all

right, let's look at the news for now, but just stay with us up next. the cost of everything by the weather manipulation, practices like cloud cd have been used by many countries in order to boost agricultural output or spare visitors from rain during large gatherings. however, is known to have caused severe droughts and abnormal weather patterns and neighboring countries. and i'm christiane, you're watching the cost of everything we're today. we're going to be analyzing the cost of whether manipulation is, is technology only within the grass of large, wealthy nations. and who will be responsible for the negative consequences of

tampering with mother nature. the more than 50 countries in bards on whether control programs in 2017 as artificial rainfall has the potential to mitigate drought that cause famine and political instability. now as a number of natural disasters per year continue to rise economic losses from these events have average about a $170000000000.00 per year over the past decade with emerging countries in asia, africa, and south america bearing the brunt of the damage. what used to be out of the control of humans is now possible. we can now boost rainfall prevents hailstorm even enhance snowfall and dissipate unwanted rain. the most common practice is called cloud seating. this concept is very simple, but the technology involved is quite complicated. the idea is to just shoot

thoughts and silver iodine crystals into the atmosphere, and this creates heavy clouds and expedite condensation that leads to rainfall. it is literally like planting seeds in the clouds to make them heavy enough to form rain. now, there are a few different methods of cloud seating employed. the most common method is to use aircraft or groans in order to inject the particles into the clouds. other methods include round generators, shooting salts into the clouds, from the ground, or injecting titanium dioxide. now, particulates coated salt crystals into existing convective clouds and the price of conducting cloud seating can vary greatly. but on average, for our operation that sees $24.00 clouds would cost around $5000.00. last year the u. a did 1000 hours of cloud cd, costing $1250000.00 a year. but the extra re help to protect the country from extreme heat and

replenish water sources. over in china, a project and then one was developed in 2021 as part of an ambitious weather modification plan. being aimed to cover 5500000 square kilometers with his artificial precipitation program by 2025, which would make it one of the largest such projects in history. thailand also has made whether modification a top priority ramping up his budget in this field by 30 percent in the last 5 years. e. c o b o also conducted the demonstration of cloud seating technology in order to boost agriculture. the ball, the u. s. has also expanded its cloud seating program as well cover in large swats of the western states. so as global warming is on the rise, major seasons such as summer, winter and monsoon season across the globe are getting more and more irregular. extreme weather conditions and large storms are expected to become

a common occurrence in the coming years. so environmental researchers have now come up with a viable solution in order to control the weather. but because the technology is still quite new, many critics have raised ethical concerns about the uncertain side effects of tinkering with the weather and the serious risks of environmental damage. if used indiscriminately, whether modification may have long term impact over the atmosphere, if used in a continuous manner. so now we're joined by professor jim fleming, author of and then they atmospheric science and breaking through the clouds to so jim klaus eating has been used for decades now. but we haven't really heard about it much in the media. why is that? well, it depends on the what you're reading and what you're listening to the person that the it was much more prevalent in the 1950s when it was more experimental. and it's not prevalent today in the u. s. at least not federally funded. around the

world. there's countries doing cloud savings, so you'll hear about it in different venues like like mainland china, the united arab emirates, you'll hear about it elsewhere. but in the 19 fifties and sixties, it was part of the cold war. and so there was an attempt to in a way, militarize cloud seating. use it for military advantage. also. uh, it's really not very reliable. you can't make the clouds ran on command. and so the different players are involved. our nation usa doesn't have any federal program on it, but the, the, they used to, they used to. and what are the primary reasons behind employing such methods and what are the expected outcomes of these interventions? well, i think it's widely known that there is a world wide water shortage. there's rising population,

there's water pressures for either drinking or for agriculture. there's water, migration of people drilled the ground water, which is limited. people try it at the solid ice, the ocean which is expensive, and some people think about what they call sky water. there's. there's rivers of abundant moisture above our heads, but we just don't know how to tap. it really is not reliable in the and then there's, um there's people that does it. usually there's a difference between the scientists and they want to discover how nature works. and bureaucrats, what nature to work for them and their agendas. so there's, there's different players and there's different agendas and, and the typical bureaucrat would, would say something like make it rain and he would order the technicians to go out

and make rain. well, the, the scientists would not particularly like the kind of approach and, but it wouldn't be able to provide the, the rain on demand hole actually decides on when and where, and how much cloud speeding to do and how does it impact neighboring jurisdictions? well, the, it can become a trans boundary jurisdiction issue because the weather doesn't know where the boundaries are. and it's been used strategically. there was a, uh, a general in the us air force in the 1950s. he said, if you control the weather, you can control the world. it's like controlling information today, but they said with control the weather. and you can also do a sort of a surreptitious attack on another country's food supply. or maybe you could uh, fog in their airports. there was an attempt to do similar things in the vietnam or where they cloud, seated over the whole human trail. and they attempted to reduce the north

vietnamese ability to migrate or to infiltrate the south. so who decides, uh, it could be uh, military generals and in the past, i don't know if there's any military efforts right now. it could be um, water managers, ski resort owners. it could be, you know, and the really the, to the laws surrounding it or not codified once and for all there, there's an international agreement not to use it for, for military purposes. it's got to in my treaty there are local managers that would like to use it and it will find too many restrictions and using it. and they do get a cold mountain side. they can get about a 10 percent increase in snow statistically. so it's very encouraging for them to

continue to see the matter what the weather conditions are. so who decides it's different that there was a controversial trans boundary where the, when that your noble a nuclear power plant and mailed it down the russians decided they would try cloud cd over belarus to try to get their radioactive rain out of the clouds before it got to moscow so you know, it's like we're going to make you suffer so we don't suffer. and there was a controversial like that there was also. busy a lot of suspicion about the, about stealing people's right. you know, if you're a farmer in the west, you can go to war over water, right? so and the river and there were very violent activities that went on in the, in the american west back. and the people would shoot at planes thinking that they were seating the clouds. and i, i was involved in

a project in colorado where we were trying to study a cloud using a lighter with no engines. and we're trying to be unobtrusive. and, and the local site, we were stealing their water down stream. so they, they burned up our lighter, this was the national center for atmosphere research slider was one of the most dramatic and kind of status days of my life to see that bladder being taken out of service. and so it does generate some filing, the motion. so it can be a trans boundary issue or the main entities responsible for cloud cd weather modification programs. and are these efforts, primarily undertaken by the government or private organizations or a combination of both? yeah, i think i addressed a little bit of that. the uh we were, we would guess of the chinese major logical agency in beijing. they have a whole department of their, their sort of mini city as a city within the city of

a meteorologist. and they have their own building dedicated to whether control they tried to make the beijing olympics better for people. they, they should, they, they fired the canons that rockets at the clouds with different chemicals. and the thing that it actually worked, the best was just shutting down the industry and traffic and letting the air clear out because there are some, there are some fresh air sources, north evasion in the mountains. and that's what we've made the olympics a little bit better, i think was just to get some of the pollution out in other countries. i mentioned the united air air river, it says a gigantic funded weather control. they want to make it rain in the desert and i've been uh, consulting with them. my opinion is you need to have some water to get the water to come out of the clouds. you can't make a, make it rain without any having straight moisture. so those, those cases are federally funded in the us there's

a lot of power companies that want them have good hydro power coming out of the mountains. uh the. ready navigation groups, there's navigation, but it's not federal, it's, it's state and local. and, and i also mentioned the, the vietnam case. there was another case in the, in rapid city, south dakota. when the when they tried to make a, make it rain in the, in the sort of in the texas oklahoma region and they got a big flight up the rapids city because the weather doesn't of a boundaries. so the answer is very, very then nobody has proven that it actually works to make it rain on demand. uh, there's a case since in the washington state that the one company was trying to make it rain for the cherry sherry farmers, the orchard people. another company was hired at the same time to keep it dry

to protect the people making. ready and there was competing weather control companies, private companies. one was uh, was called overstating the clouds to make them uh, confused and not ran. and the other was trying to make it right. and so you can, you can, you can bust up a cloud, you can, uh, you can uh interfere with the cloud, but you can't control the cloud. clouds are too complex. thank you so much professor, what, please stick around. professor and author, jim fleming will stay with us right after the break. and when we come back, what are the risks when meddling was mother nature with calls eating and whether manipulation, what are those? well, have more after the break the,

the most people don't understand the global financial system and how financial resources are distributed. or the dominant financial group, of course or, or the united states and u. k barks, their objective is their hit. gibbon a, controlling the world's money flows grants the power to wipe into nations of the face of the globe. moving some, save this to look at in 3 minutes. and as soon as i said the blue coke face, think of, and i'm a pretty for the rest of the produce, gives him the business. some of those when we lived on a guy the he didn't play the good looking the listening book. are you out? pull that were to present the apple store. any tree or seek us at the feed. me see,

oh, the one good. all the all new to this old creek. the there can be many unintended consequences from metal a with mother nature. in 2018 china is ching dial city experience a pro long spell of heavy rain that many has linked to the government's use of chemicals. shortly before to disperse clouds for summit conference and well, cloud seating is practiced in many regions. it can still be difficult to steer in the desired direction when china announces whether modification plans over the depending plateau media and india called it a serious threat that could lead to international conflict. to bet is a source of issues most important rivers, including the in this dangers from up to her and more slowing through china

louse, me and martin a paul, india, pakistan, and bangladesh. the rivers are the lifeline for nearly 3400000000 people. since a plateau could be considered a shared ecological frontier, a change over the fragile egos system would have severe ramifications, not just in india, but in neighboring south and south east asian countries as well. do engineering, experts have also cautioned that the artificial manipulation of whether to produce rain in one area could have unintended consequences, such as low rainfall elsewhere. so more rain for china could mean less for india creating routes. a ron aust, also accused israel as purely as water by using cloud seating that reduced rainfall over its own territory. but it is difficult to prove and there are questions over which international framework is best suited to control it in the context of climate and security. and meanwhile, in the u, a without the cloud stating generated rainfall, it would see less than

a 100 millimeters of rainfall a year. undoubtedly the man made rain has significantly helped the region in ensuring water and food security. but another potential side effect from relying on cloud seating is the risk of respiratory illnesses caused by an increase concentration of small particles in the air. all know, there are no long term studies yet. there are worries that it could be to iodide ism, which is a type of poisoning caused by iodide. this has severe effects on people such as skin rashes, headaches, and running noses among other symptoms. other risks include erratic changes in rainfall patterns, excessive rainfall and flooding in certain areas. so for this and more, let's bring in again, professor an officer, jim fleming. so jen, cloud series impact or weather patterns can have far reaching consequences. are

there examples of cloud seating, leading to unintended weather events or disruptions and how the scientist managed these potential risks? okay. but you know, it can also disrupt the political equilibrium, not just the atmosphere when they were cloud stating during the vietnam war and senator clayborne pell, i basically caught on to that and brought it up with the senate. and then it came to the united nations. and this was 1974 just about the time that the, the richard nixon was resigning from office. and so there was a tremendous turmoil the, the russians, the soviets, at the time they, they pushed the resolution that was banding environmental warfare. we had the agent orange, we were using, we had the, the fully ation of the vietnam triangles. and we had the,

the cloud saving them. and that was all seen. this is kind of similar techniques to, to fight with nature against people. so the cloud state and can destabilize the politics as well as the, as the atmosphere. now, critics argue that cloud seen tend disrupt in natural ecosystems and create an equitable distribution of water resources. so how do cloud saving programs address these concerns about the potential harm to local environments and communities? you know, i've been, i've been in this field for quite a while, and i don't think they do a good job of addressing those issues. and lots of them are enthusiastic. scientists think they have a technique, they think they know how to control a cloud that goes way back and and then the ethical training of scientist is not very well advanced. so that, uh,

that those kind of issues are usually not considered in the, in the, in the run up to an experiment. let's try it. you know, i've got an idea, let's give it a try that that's, that's one of the ideas we have that there are. there are other groups is a national academy of sciences, and there are some, some more responsible the human this. and that this is thinking about this issue, but like i said, i think it's a, i think our, our situation is this. they sometimes call us a part of a grant grant g, a physical experiment. and i think we're also part of the grant to your political experiment. what we're seeing, what can be acceptable by humanity in the emphasis or not the in the, the lead. while research and cloud stating is ongoing. how do need a urologist and environmental scientist collaborate to improve our understanding of the impacts of weather modification?

it's not a highly funded it's, it's, it's active in some meteorology, departments is active when some governmentally funded groups are not in the u. s. and, and it's often seen as a sidelight of what i, what i, what is actually called cloud physics. and so the site is what i understand all the, you know, you see that the big climate system is one thing, but each cloud has a micro physics. it has tiny particles that are interacting based on their moisture and the temperature is a very complex little dance at the very small level with possible big consequences at the very large level. and, and that's the real puzzle is how does this, how does these different scales of interaction work together or not? and, and can you really predict the weather if you just get bigger computers and faster computers? and one of the answers is no, there's, there's a theoretical limit to predictability. so there are really important puzzles in

cloud physics. and all of those, most of the techniques were developed. in the 1940s. it's silver iodide seating ideas about collecting snowflakes and and so the main stream is more now digital computers and space observations and not so much on the weather control. the ethical and legal aspects of weather manipulation are quite complex. what are the regulatory framework? so our international agreements for guiding cloud seating practices and how donations balance their interest with potential global consequences. well, i mentioned the, the you in the environmental treaty and environmental modification. it's called n mode. the treaty on not using environmental techniques to wage harmful activities. it goes to another country, countries you know, there's,

there's never been enforced. there's never been a, a security council meeting because of any violations that, that treated. but there could be and, and i would like to see a little more teeth and that i'd like to see it renewed. it's still in force, but it's, it's never been enforced by any parties of the u. n. now some countries have implemented cloud seen as part of their water management strategy. can you provide some examples of successful cloud seating programs that have positively impacted water resources and agricultural practices? i haven't seen that. i've seen of people sincerely trying. i've also seen the what you might call charlatans trying to sell their services to desperate farmers. part of the history is uh, is uh, is the proprietary sales of cloud. see they made. they used to sell them at the county fair. you, you'd hire somebody to go shoot some rockets over your field,

and if you do anything long enough, anything if you pray long enough, if you dance long enough, it will rain. so you can just be persistent about doing some kind of secret, a chemical thing and eventually it will rain. you can take credit for it. that's. that's in a nut shell. that's part of the longer history today, there's claims that really just can't be substantiated. statistically, you can't say i'm going to see that cloud and make it rain over there on that farmer's field. so the net benefit is not been proven, although there is always hope. and there's always some funding for it. there was a there's a group in laredo, texas that, that they were claiming to have as a sort of a secret technique to, to direct the energy beams into the clouds and make it rain in the dry area, mexico, texas. and it turned out that there was really nothing to it then it was not, it was not secret of a but it was proprietary,

and some people are making some money. but the low county, they wanted the government. so those cities that were suffering from drought to pay for it, and so it didn't become much of anything. thank you so much, professor of james lemayne for all your time today. and it has been a monumental step for humans to be able to control mother nature. but perhaps control is too strong of a word metal and tweak mother nature for the time being. countries that need to boost agricultural production or improve the living standards of the people would absolutely benefit from clause eating. it could improve food security, we do sprouts and even potentially stave off natural disasters. but on the other hand, mother nature is a tricky beast, attain, and she could retaliate with unintended consequences. long term, the chemicals produced during cloud seating will be present in the water and sol deposits getting into the eco systems through the animals and plants. mostly this

applies to plants which depend on the contaminated rain to produce food, so we still need extensive long term research in order to fully understand the implications that come with cloud ca. i'm christy. i thanks for watching and we'll see you right back here next time on the cost of everything. the the, the gym. and so just deal with the, with the one with taking the picture. they were proud of the muscle by the way, to go in your mouth because i didn't recommend your pins in there. know that he got cutting away. well, i actually was who i see on google more guy and with 10 almost a week ago. and then we'll get to under the, under the general say to us,

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to pay the the an idea of double strike on the body of refugee camp in northern guys that reportedly kills almost 200 people wounding over 700 others children and women who run this revolution that we have new equipment and nothing. we can't do anything. we comp dig, they all died. if there was anyone alive, they would have died by now. the disturbing images, guys, the doctors carry out operations in car doors with limited appointments and few pain killers as hospitals are overwhelmed by the flow of those wounded in is rarely bombings. also ahead has there been any thinking it's starting such a process for israel that can.