ations against the current government the from the beginning of this year the the, they're not that many places in the world where you can meet fairs, wells, workers, sealants, and so many other wild spaces, all against the backdrop of fire breathing volcanoes. thomas, this is in my visions and welcome to the magic. it is from shop to the

truck up most. the highest recorded density of brown hair is on the very end of the current. not skiing nature. reserve is where we can get close to them in their natural habitat. alexi must love, has been watching and studying wild life here at the reserve for years. the thanks for taking the time to bring us out here so close to the bears. they say that contract goes home to about 5 percent of the bear population. why contract a? why here? why is it so good? and how many are here at this reserve from chuck? if it was that it's not to come child to cover the time to about 24226000 best. would you move? the battery is a symbol of come check like volcanoes with another important symbol. but i'm not

sure how to rank them. is seminar given this through? it's the only place on us where all 6 pieces of pacific, someone have this point in grants. it's the main source of nutrition for this because because the main goal in life is defined enough to eat for the winter. if it's a matter of survival, come childcare is very sparsely populated. most of its wild to add to that the abundance of fish. i do have perfect conditions for a high concentration of bands. at least that's what i think. how many bears are specifically here on the reserved? you know, it's hard to say how many there are and there was a right now with the migrating air on i'll give a coast to about 15 to 20 best i've been observing them on a regular basis. these are just the ones that are fishing along the coast and in the river mouth. so it's hard to estimate how many a higher up the river we believes there are about 200-8000. there was of them like later we though. so these figures fluctuate that the concentration remains quite

high. once we chose right now, we can see 2 beds here, 2 more over there and still more a coming through we. we know that they come here to feed, they're getting ready for the winter, and so they're feeding on the fish. we know that come shatka is the only place left . we're all 6 pacific species of salmon come to home to spawn. what is that all about? and how important is that to, for the bears, the, i've been observing fish for more than 4 decades. then this is still something mystical to me. it all begins in late may when you for your score, the one of a sudden you have great schools of fish coming so fast, you know, common sense, okay, most and think some of the most widespread spaces, even though it's millions of fish and just appear out of nowhere you were coming here all the time for a month now you high tide, all low tide. it's pink salmon at the moment, but soon it'll be trim seminar, co seminar. surely it's a mystery to me. as my friends used to say it, the old gods will perfect the letter syllable,

the weather this cycle makes simon special and then grow and mature in the ocean before coming back to school on and died after they die. their bodies break down into a number of biogenic components when you buy it and you do things provide feeds of primary. so changed fido blanket and soup blanket, which in turn saves fluid for others. so the parents desk gives life to their off spring. that's it. in a nutshell, now i've heard that all life, not just the bears, but all life in come check a revolves around fish. why is that the official, the foundation of life here? what's your mainly it's food, you know, there's really a lot of it. and as i said, like being around fish all my life, it's mind boggling. now this is the latest data for this. he shows that about 400000 tons of in court so far. this is, it's huge for her and you see there is no piling or something. yes. my but it's nature which for them is the backbone of the real economy and sustains the animals and people who live here. it couldn't be any other way. back to the bears. how much

fish can it bear actually eat during this time period? when they're getting ready for winter? there were several studies by us and the canadian scholars to show an adult that can eat up to 30 or 45th, about 60 kilograms a day. instead of going to be when a semen run begins, if they're hungry, they eat the fish whole buick later when the batteries are full and we'll get picky and sometimes just eat the best bits towards the end that just filling up what space they have left. so they switched to pine cousins, mushrooms rather than berries, and so, and it was a good faith. she was the staple. now we've been told all our lives to stay away from bears and we've got one coming up close to us right now. are we faced by god? yes, we all sofa dot used. he's the

that was very interesting. okay. so a bears quiet. it can run incredibly fast. it is strong. it can crush a car like a tune can. um so what do we do? like if a bear comes to us, like how do we not provoke a bare oh, i'm sure there are certain rules. that's the minimum safe distance. when he approached us, that was almost too close of the americans have strict standards than we do with them. they believe the minimum safe distance is 80 yards. just now we are much closer than 80 yards. each of these animals live in a place where encounters with humans are extremely rare instances. but i think that instinctively, they feel that human to higher beings, and i don't know if they realize that i have a gun, but their main job right now is just to eat and gain body fat as lounge animal source of another concern they have is to expend as little energy as possible. what's the model that they need to acquire the food in the most energy efficient

way? so when most of priority for them right now is moving, they have their own business to take care of, of what needs to happen for a bear to attract human. but i think it's almost always the human soul, so that when you break a rule, intrude into the mass space. and then the most dangerous situation is an encounter with a female. they haven't come because she instinctively protects children. you don't want to be anywhere near the cubs that hold between them and the mother that would be very dangerous. so you'll keep your eyes open and be aware of it, but also don't humanize stomach, very dangerous wild animals that can be unpredictable. because it would take them seconds to cover the $20.00 to $30.00, meet a distance and now in case i wouldn't even have time to raise my gun. the best in each animal is different. i've been watching this good for over a months now. we've got to move them a little bit bigger than that. they will have different patterns of behavior. i

know which ones to keep away from killing somebody as are easily scared. other sounds that can be quite a branch where you need to analyze every situation separately. it is said that um uh, bear as their own behavior has been changed by humans. what does that mean? that the bags must have no contact with human smells or human food. so they've got some good the idea that it can be easier to obtain the natural number one hand, it's a must corporate as soon as a bad taste, something that's easy to get some and so, but it comes begging some offers. that might be understanding which is best, like all the other animals need to eat all the time. so they always choose the easiest and most convenient way to get nutrition for that huge mass of meat and muscle cumin. garbage is of cost is very convenient for that purpose with him, with a view that you've been at this for a while. your experience, has there ever been a time where you've come face to face one on one was

a bare and you were scared in that situation. how did you handle it? tell me about it. let me know if you know my time of living in places like this one, i've had thousands upon thousands of their encounters. there have been situations where i probably made mistakes and i found myself literally face to face with a balance of better homes length. but didn't know one of those cases, the best though did best to go away. i've never had to use a gun, no straining device. well here for sure. i think i've been careful enough. but such a count as are unavoidable when you are living in the wild, especially on pause, in places with shrubs or tool grass. it's a fact of life. so, but then again there are certain rules. you should make a lot of noise when you'll walk in. although then there's a chance you may not hear a better pricing profile. so in count as a highly likely, you should try to avoid them. some people, including some of my colleagues, say best and there was of, of dangerous. and i think they are very dangerous. that treacherous,

unpredictable and dangerous animals, but i've been lucky sofa as well. thank you very much for taking the time to speak to us out here. it's been fascinating conversation and i just want to say stay safe . thank you. the, the majestic brandwell. just one of the oldest mammals on our planet, one saved from the brink of extinction, scientists are trying to learn more about the 3 wheels roaming some chunk of shores . dr. alexander board is a marine biologist working as a criminal nature reserve. first of all, thank you for coming out and bring us to this beautiful location. so we can learn about wells. and i wanna ask about all the way it's set to be the most important

part of the nature reserve. why is it so important to the reserve and what role do with wells play in that echo system, even though where to go bait. but if it's because gray whales come to olga by they migrate from the waters of mexico along the pacific coast of north america. all the way up to own go by. after a few days here, they go to another feeding ground near so highly in, in period 2. and they both olga bay and peel tuned by our central feeding ground. so grey wales because that's where mother's nursing their cars come your way, need to be feeding over time and sees here, unlike the waters of mexico and along the pacific seaboard, basically a wireless cafeteria where they spend most of that time around 7 to 8 months before migrating back south to makes kind of goods where they made and give us a detailed list. you mentioned this idea of a solo,

the or cafeteria. that's very interesting to me. so like, what brings them specifically here and to this day, like what do they feed on and how many of them are actually here? with kids? it's a great way. i always the only bends of age among why or supply you the only space is that feeds on been so. so organisms that live on onto the surface of the sea floor, nothing good. that's why. oh good by. is it perfect feeding ground for them? well, well, spend quite a lot of time easing invertebrates just one more minute. so i think it's interesting that redwells are coastal creatures. they prefer shallow waters. why is that? the average feeding depths of great wiles is about 5 to 10 meters. sometimes even the breaking waves on the service or in the battery, seeing however they go to depths of 70 or 80 meters because the organisms they would choose to eat dwelling coastal areas. now very well is also considered this

area, i guess rest area maybe before they go under big, long journey of about 20000 kilometers. how can they take on such a big swim and how long does it take him to make that journey? well, the 1st day, i believe some of the trick south takes about 8 to 10 weeks pulling in your ride. it's about 10000 kilometers, one way gray whales travel this distance pretty quickly. it takes some 10 days to read. so i lean from olga bay, which is about 1000 kilometers. what about your job? i know that you carefully study which wells are which should tell them apart, identify them. uh, how do you do that? and why is it so important? we run a photographic identification program and maintain the catalog of the gray. well, so adding photos of new ones every year when we encounter the most people, we've been able to identify as many as 340 gray whales here and stuff. and in so far, we know what each of them looks like. we give them the names that we keep monitoring

those who show up here on that stage. you know, for example, if any pregnant females or like chasing females, beautiful malnourished wells that need more food thing to use radio tags or any other mechanisms to keep track of them. living with we've been using satellite tagging to track them. tanks were applied elsewhere, not here. i regret to say that our program has benefited through collecting all sorts of data about the gray whales migrating from mexico to cycling to olga by you know, blood videos quickly, believe me have some. what about the relationship of the grey wells themselves? with each other? do they travel in groups? how do they take care of their little ones? what's that like? a temporary wells travel alone as a rule and generally so we often observe them in groups of 2 or 3 a naturally females travel with the comes, the females teach the young whales to find the feeding grounds. and they remember

them as long as they live the which explains why whales keep returning to the same place the whole life long time was such as north and south island, an olga bay city. and now it's my understanding that very wells were once known as the devil fish, because they put up a fight against the people who are trying to hard putting them. now the pacific ocean is coming to get us, but now they actually have changed their behavior. a little bit, they're more friendly, they're known to interact with people. what can we say that this change of behavior is attributed to the main reason this, the green whales are no longer hunted in such large quantities as before. their attention image this database, and updated by the international wayne and commission in the i w c. so because they go to the i w. c, that keeps monitoring the population of wells and make sure the annual cash limits . we can do any home to it who or what would you say is the biggest threat to re

wells and their last impact lation on you? well, the major threat comes anyway from humans. as i already mentioned, gray whales migrate over here for the sake of the feeding ground, the. so what's the when, if humans in to see it in any way we can in binds on the feeding routine. and that can be harmful for the animals almost. that's what it wants is also highly of actively developed oil fields. so human activity is quite intense. the size make exploration works on the way the ships and helicopters in the area might blind construction activity and so on. and then you cite homeless showing it just the life of the wiles that they haven't been any tragic incident so far. the blue gray wells are some of the oldest animals on the planet. they've been around for about 30000000 years, how they've been able to stay here for so long and how they change. if they've changed. i doubt they've changed much individual, the grey wales with the business

b, c's. it has no competition in the animal kingdom. steve illusion positive grey wales means they can find food anyway and shall know coastal walters that have signed on much people in this. yeah, they have no competing spaces on this explains how they stayed around for so long video. the we are on our way to cape zillow, need not only to take of this breathtaking scenery, but to speak with touch on the heap of. it was part of the far east rochelle oregon project. the

tatiana, thanks for bringing us up here. so we can see where you of work. it's a fascinating place. i want to get right down to it. the social structures of workers is kind of unique kind of strange. my understanding is that they always stay with their mother as a family throughout their entire life. is this normal? yes it is. it's normal for fish eating or cuz both male and female to spend their entire life with their mother more than that any or because born by younger females also spend their entire life following their grandmother. grandmothers are the founders of a klein, if you like, and the org is have a very well developed social networks. other types of orchids have a social structure that's a bit different. or is it always the mother or a female at least that is in charge of the pon, flores must cuz it's very hard to say what kind of relationship they have between them. but it appears it is indeed a female orca,

who is the founder of her family and leader of the group. as a matriarch, a mother and a grandmother, it is the oldest female specialist. i'm kinda what are the relationships like within the group itself? so i understand that the children help the elderly, they take turns and caring for each other, sometimes even they share their food. talk to me a little bit about that. mm hm. cosette. org is do share their food and so the adult females share food with their children even when they are full grown adults. female or cars are known to share food with their adults. male descendants from some more often though, food sharing occurs for the benefit of younger cubs. the truth is there's still not much we know about the relationship between or cause and how they take care of each other. i was the one thing we know is that the survival rate for male and female or cuz if the mother orca dies is different when a female or could dies for male descendants to start dying to day as well. her female descendants carry on seemingly unaffected. it's like we know this as a fact for it,

but we still don't know the reason behind it. it wasn't easy for me. now you've been watching carefully over the wheels locally here and i know they're not wells, but uh, i or you know the families and you can tell them apart individually. how is that possible? talk to me like how you can do that. because look us up. it's possible to identify individual or caused by the shape of the sparks on their back and scratches on their skin, the shape of fins and scars, i can identify about a 100 or codes. i know they're individual numbers. we give them all numbers and names. uh yeah, i've been monitoring what happens to them since 2002. mm hm. what about the language? i understand that different groups of oranges have their own dialects. i guess when you see the org, a families that use similar dialects for communication related. there are also families with the different dialects, and that means they are not related to the same. we consider them belonging to different plans. it's a meeting most often occurs between orcus from different clans. it's possible that

there dialects help them choose preferable meeting partners. mm hm. do you have the ability to decipher their language? can we understand them? the truth is we can't wait, we can't understand them. and it's very challenging. research and technical term. we're now the, i mean it's very hard to report underwater. the sounds produced by individual or cuz the hydrophone, we use records all the sounds in the ocean around it. and i think we're still waiting for a break through and technologies that would enable us to record the sounds made by or cause more efficiently. so can i get out because dialect are part of their culture? they are passed down from generation to generation. and that's not something they're born with yet. it has to be learned. and it's the focus of present day research. but we don't know what the individual sounds they make need. that's hard to know for, for us to find them. as far as i know, the workers are predators, and they do things as a group. they hunt as a group. in fact,

they even have the ability to coordinate complex movements, which is chilling in some cases. talk to me about that and like how they're able to organize. so good question. when you, i'd like to know the answer to it to is in line. i'm not sure how they do it. i guess they communicate, acoustically, maybe they use other methods besides sounds. sometimes we see different groups in the water keeping their distance and staying silent. suddenly they all turn simultaneously and begin moving in a different direction. so they communicate, but we don't know how it is amazing how coordinated their actions can be at times when or cause hunt a well or fish together. so it is very impressive either me. now i know that they have this massive dorsal fin. it can go up to 2 meters. i also know that in captivity it can bend over. why do they need this fan and why does this particular body parts so important?

um, it's a foreclosure only male or cars have this long thing that can be up to 180 or 200 centimeters. females have shorter since it probably has to do with sexual de more system. when males and females look different. this means there is competition, sexual selection on the males compete with each other for a female. right. and that's why meals are generally bigger. with larger pictorial fins. 40 i guess the bigger male. when's the female during meeting? but this aspect hasn't really been researched. yes. they've bent their friends in captivity because they can't move fast. the time you go to workers are really fast . definitely, and their blood circulation. props up, defense serious. here we have an orca called willy, and his fin is also bent. that's how torres to boat captains recognize him is i guess he got sick at some points and now he can swim as fast. that's why his vision is bent upon me. interesting. now i know that, um they show signs of intellect,

but can we save it or it does have an intellect? are they as truly intelligent creatures? do they have emotions? do they think uh, talk to me, what are your thoughts on that? yeah, i don't doubt the fact that they have an intellect and experience and motions like many other animals. it is a difficult aspect to study because they don't have typical physical expressions. when we look at monkeys or dogs, we can see some external attributes that show emotions, regression, joy, etc. it is much harder with or cuz we like we know about golf instead, when they flap their tails. this signals a rotation aggression. yeah. so this is something that we will have to research, but they definitely experience emotions. why? when i from orchestra for a drone, i see how they hug, tap on each other's bodies with their friends. there is affections there. um, something that i have to ask about considering has gotten the world's attention

around spain and portugal. workers are going and playing maybe, but i was thinking boats are taking off the rudder. but also scientists have noticed that this behavior starting to spread around the world, is it possible that the workers in spain are telling their friends how you have to try this? this is fun and talk to me. what do you think about this phenomenon? we'll talk a call, a substance or cause are very social breaking ships is like a cultural tradition for them. now. maybe a couple of or cuz tried it 1st. they liked it and spread the word, talk off with them. there might have been some exchange between groups. we'll see you soon, but they're so called the cultural traditions can be spread from one oregon to another. some of the fact facades can thank you very much. it's been an incredibly interesting conversation and i look forward to seeing them out here. that's good luck to you and to us all. thank you. the,

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the more expensive. and i'm here to plan with you. whatever you do. do not watch my new shells. seriously. why watch something that's so different whitelisted opinions that he won't get anywhere else to give it. please do have the state department c. i a weapons, bankers, multi $1000000000.00 corporations. choose your facts for you. go ahead, change and whatever you do, don't want my shelves. they main street because i'm probably going to make you uncomfortable. my show is called direction. but again, you probably don't want to watch it because it might just change the way you the west likes to take pride in its achievements, like the importance of international law and demands the rest of the world follow its weight. but the world is in shock over the west unwillingness to criticizing,

call out israel's war on garza. this is the absence of morales the, the name of the this of him. but he's like, i'm on the see at the end of me and say, guess i am all as little form as well. i thought of it either. i want says i have some, i don't like that it's on whether the media you got it or not,

but i know you got one way just under the new sit in data sorta the sona a k, i knew i love is that goes to you that i mean, i think going on because the, i'm a persona of a be that me court that i, i didn't go by that almost in the see the best so that sort of i that out of in to see if they have and the single method of the month, a manual, and all that, i don't want to lose the remainder measured on it. be gmc mazda minutes off on, you know, the system just likes it and say, i could look on. but these are, let's see, let me look to see like tennessee, by the video in and out of the system. so, being at the full, let's see on there the most to go boss on the, let's see, let's see, i'm let me say the one of us, one of the subs have been in the meeting. the union told me about of a nice a what somebody that guess i'm given. what's your my point of view. okay. so you see it goes in a 2nd. i mean either it is by you say, no,

i'm thinking it's like that. and then jerry, i'm going to, i think, the 2nd floor on the, on the scenes of display you have to get in, gather the 7 people on that report. the details of the news around the striking rough or in the south while doesn't use a window the, the windows fill, every inch of space in the hospital, struck struggling to cope with the scale of, of practice in the north of the in place. because many children, catherine, see the conflict. day of them is there are wounds on my legs. they are still stopped, but i'm alone. my family doesn't know what happened to me. i can't stand up. i want to go home more than anything. i bought a scene in and bassett,