for a review of the i m s loan program. now that we were discussing, the budget results is lost on the budget results. the escape, we now have billions taken from both external and internal tax. we solve the problems with pricing without relying on loans or depending on oil. so how can we solve the transportation and social problems if the program hasn't been revised? and we don't even have a plan to revise. a mission tradition as president, has been pushing back against condition seth mob international monetary fund as, as country struggles to the left itself out of a financial crisis. the north african nation expect its economy to grow by at least 2 percent next year, or by less than one percent in the coming year. we've heard from money to national relations expert introduce as national capital, that he says that overcoming the crisis will require some clever decision making. we know that our economy is not very strong, but also we know that we have the solution and the solution

must be easy and easy. a solution is not, it's about it's not about this thing yet and that's about the pollution. i think it is the problem is that so we have to think out of the box that he's moved to the choice that he's the i am now these are the bank, but also that he's out of warranty. i see left and you have a minute to put the choice, but the 1st thing that's easy and he is for it has to have the origin to the couldn't be to show but also to for the future us to use. yeah. for those all the headlines stereos were following this house on our team to stay with us for more information in a couple of minutes from now the

the there's not that many places in the world where you can meet fairs wells, horses, sealants, and so many other wilds. pacing is all against the backdrop of fire breathing volcanoes. i'm john thomas. this is in my vision, and welcome to the magic that is from shop to the

check up most. the highest recorded density of brown hair is on very and look for adults getting nature reserve is where we can get close to them in their natural habitat. alexi must love, has been watching and studying wildlife here at the reserve for years. the thanks for taking the time to bring us out here so close to the bears. they say that contract goes home to about 5 percent of the bear population. why contract the why here? why is it so good? and how many are here at this reserved from chuck indoors? but it's don't come chance cover time to about 24226000 best. which of the battery is a symbol of come check a like volcanoes with another important symbol. but i'm not sure how to rank them is seminar units through. it's the only place on the us with all 6 pieces of

pacific. so i'm going to have this bone in grants. it's the main source of nutrition for this. because the main goal in life is defined enough food to eat for the winter, or if it's a massive survival, come childcare is very sparsely populated. most of it's wild to add to that the abundance of fish. and you have perfect conditions for a high concentration of bands. at least that's what i think. how many bears are specifically here on the reserved? you know, it's hard to say how many there are, and there was a right now that migrating just with the air on, i'll give a coast. there are about 15 to 20 best. i've been observing them on a regular basis. these are just the ones that are fishing along the coast and in the river mouth. so it's hard to estimate how many a higher up the river. we believe there are about 2000 beds in the reserves that migrate to reserve. and so these packets fluctuate and that the concentration remains quite high once it shows right now, we can see 2 beds here to the more over there and still more are coming through we

. we know that they come here to feed, they're getting ready for the winter, and so they're feeding on the fish. we know that come shatka is the only place left where all 6 pacific species of salmon come to home to spawn. what is that all about? and how important is that to, for the bears, the, i've been observing fish for more than 4 decades. then this is still something mystical to me. it all begins in like may when people who scored all of a sudden you have great schools of fish coming. so fast, you know, cuz i'm and then so, okay, well, so then think some of the most widespread spaces, even though it's millions of fish and just appear out of nowhere. you were coming here all the time for a month. now you high tide, all low tide, it's pink salmon at the moment, but soon it will be till the salmon. it's on the co seminar. surely it's a mystery to me. as my friends used to say it, all gods will perfect the lady soon. bobo, this cycle make simon special. they grow and mature in the ocean before coming back

to school on and done, we're going after they die. their bodies break down into a number of biogenic components. when you do things provide feeds of primaries to change the fine to blanket and soup items, which in turn saves fluid for others. so the parents desk gives life to the air off spring. that's it in a nutshell. now i've heard that all life, not just the bears, but all life income track a revolves around fish. why is that the official, the foundation of life here? what's your mainly it's food, you know, there's really a lot of it was good as i said, like, being around fish all my life. it's mind boggling. you know, this is the latest data for this. he shows that about 400000 tons of in court. so far, it's huge for her, i can see that there's no ploughing or selling just like, but it's nature which forms the backbone of the real economy and sustains the animals and people who live here. it couldn't be any other way. back to the bears. how much fish can it bear actually eat during this time period?

when they're getting ready for winter? there were several studies by us and the canadian scholars to show and adults back and eat up to 30 or 45th, about 60 kilograms of day. instead of going to win a semen run begins, if they're hungry, they eat the fish whole buick later when the batteries are full, to get picky and sometimes just eat the best bits towards the end of that just filling up what space they have left. so they switched to pine cousins, mushrooms rather than berries, and so on and with a good face has that staple. now we've been told all our lives to stay away from bears, and we've got one coming up close to us right now. are we faced by god? yes, we all sofa got used. he's the that was very interesting. okay. so a bear, it's quiet. it can run incredibly fast. it is strong. it can crush

a car like it and can um so what do we do? like if a bear comes to us, like how do we not provoke a bare option? there are certain rules, that's the minimum safe distance. when he approached us, that was almost too close of the americans have strict standards than we do with them. they believe the minimum safe distance is 80 yards and it just now were much closer than 80 yards. each of these animals live in a place where encounters with humans are extremely rare instances. but i think that instinctively, they feel that human to a higher beings, and i don't know if they realize that i have a gun, but their main job right now is just to eat and gain body fat as lounge animal source of another concern they have is to expend as little energy as possible, what's the model that they need to acquire the food in the most energy efficient way? so when most of priority for them right now is moving, they have their own business to take care of. is what needs to happen. for

a bear to attract human, but i think it's almost always the human soul so that when you break a rule, intrude into the bit of space. and then i left this a little further for giving the most dangerous situation is an encounter with a female. they haven't come because she instinctively protects children. you don't want to be anywhere near the cubs that hold between them and the mother that would be very dangerous. so you'll keep your eyes open and be aware of it. also don't humanize them. step very dangerous, wild animals that can be unpredictable. and so they would take them seconds to cover the $20.00 to $30.00, meet the distance and now in case i wouldn't even have time to raise my gun. the best in each animal is different. i've been watching this good for over a months now. we've got to move them a little bit bigger than that. they will have different patterns of behavior. i know which ones to keep away from somebody as are easily scared. other sounds that

can be quite a branch where you need to analyze every situation separately. it is said that um the bears, their own behavior has been changed by humans. what does that mean? that the best must have no contact with human smells or human food. so they mustn't get the idea that it can be easier to obtain the problem and that's a real number one, and it's a must corporate as soon as a bad taste, something that's easy to get some and so, but it comes begging for more than one the understanding that when you move approval is beds like old, other animals need to eat all the time. so they always choose the easiest and most convenient way to get nutrition for that huge mass of meat and muscle cumin. garbage is of costs. so it's very convenient for that, but most of the day you've been at this for a while. your experience has ever been a time where you've come face to face one on one with a bear and you were scared in that situation. how did you handle it?

tell me about it. let me know if you know my time of living in places like this one, i've had thousands upon thousands of their encounters. there have been situations where i probably made mistakes and i found myself literally face to face with a bad bums length. but didn't know one of those cases. the best though did best to go away. i've never had to use a gun, no straining device. well here for sure, i think i've been careful enough. but such a count as are unavoidable when you are living in the wild, especially on pause, in places with shrubs or tool draws. it's a fact of life. so, but then again, there are certain rules. you should make a lot of noise when you're walking, although then there's a chance you may not hear a better approaching approval. so in count as a highly likely with you should try to avoid them. some people, including some of my colleagues, say best and there was of stain dressing color. i think they are very dangerous, that treacherous, unpredictable and dangerous animals. but i've been lucky sofa as well. thank you

very much for taking the time to speak to us out here. it's been fascinating conversation and i just want to say stay safe. thank you. the majestic brandwell is one of the oldest mammals on our planet. one saved from the brink of extinction. scientists are trying to learn more about the 3 wheels roaming come chunk of shores. dr. alexander board is a marine biologist working as a criminal nature reserve. first of all, thank you for coming out and bring us to this beautiful location. so we can learn about wells, and i wanna ask about all the bank. it's set to be the most important part

of the nature reserve. why is it so important to the reserve and what role do with wells play in that echo system? even though where to go, basically, if it's because gray whales come to olga by they migrate from the waters of mexico and on the pacific coast of north america, all the way up to own go by. after a few days here, they go to another feeding ground near so highly in, in period 2. and they both olga bay and peel tuned by our central feeding grounds for grey wales. because that's where our mothers nursing their cars come. your way need to be feeding all the time and sees here like the waters of mexico and along the pacific seaboard, basically a wireless cafeteria where they spend most of that time around 7 to 8 months skilfully for migrating back south to makes can legos, where they made and give us a detailed this you mentioned this idea of a solo, the or cafeteria. that's very interesting to me. so like what brings them

specifically here and to this day, like what do they feed on and how many of them are actually here? looks fairly kids, it's a great way. i always the only bends of age among why or supply you the only space is that feeds on been so. so organisms that live on onto the surface of the sea floor, nothing. that's why oh good by. is it perfect? feeding ground for them. well, well, spend quite a lot of time easing invertebrates just one more minute. so i think it's interesting that very wells are coastal creatures. they prefer shallow waters. why is that? the average feeding depth of gray whales is about 5 to 10 meters. sometimes even the breaking waves on the service or in the battery, seeing however, they go to depths of 70 or 80 meters. because the organisms they would choose to eat dwelling coastal areas. now very well is also considered this area, i guess, a rest area, maybe before they go under big,

long journey of about 20000 kilometers. how can they take on such a big swim and how long does it take him to make that journey? well, the 1st step we, some of the trick south takes about 8 to 10 weeks pulling in your ride. it's about 10000 kilometers. one way, this is going gray whales travel this distance pretty quickly. it takes some 10 days to read. so i lean from olga bay, which is about 1000 kilometers. what about your job? i know that you cheerfully study which wells are which should tell them apart, identify them. uh, how do you do that? and why is it so important? we run a photographic identification program and maintain the catalog of the gray. well, so adding photos of new ones every year when we encounter the most people, we've been able to identify as many as 340 gray whales here and stuff. and in so far, we know what each of them looks like. we give them the names that we keep monitoring those who show up here on that stage. you know, for example,

if any pregnancy miles or like facing females, who do cool malnourished wells that need more food thing, use radio tags or any other mechanisms to keep track of them. laser with we've been using satellite tagging to track them. tanks were applied elsewhere, not here. i regret to say that our program has benefitted through collecting all sorts of data about the gray whales migrating from mexico to cycling olga by you know, blood videos particularly near them. what about the relationship of the gray wells themselves? with each other? do they travel in groups? how do they take care of their little ones? what's that like? a temporary wells travel alone as a rule and generally so we often observe them in groups of 2 or 3 a naturally females travel with the comes, the females teach the young whales to find the feeding grounds. and they remember them as long as they live, which explains why whales keep returning to the same place the whole life long time

was such as north and south island, an olga bay city. and now it's my understanding that very well for once known as the devil, fish, because they put up a fight against the people who are trying to hard putting them. now the pacific ocean is coming to get us, but now they actually have changed their behavior. a little bit, they're more friendly, they're known to interact with people. what can we say that this change of behavior is attributed to the main reason this, the green whales are no longer hunted in such large quantities as before. their attention image this database, and updated by the international wayne and commission in the i w c. so because they go to the i w. c, that keeps monitoring the population of wells and make sure the annual cash limits we can't do any home to is who or what would you say is the biggest threat to re wells and their last impact lation on you?

well, the major threat comes anyway from humans, as i already mentioned, gray whales migrate over here for the sake of the feeding ground. so what's the when, if humans in to see it in any way we can in binds on the feeding routine. and that can be harmful for the animals. you don't want yourself so highly of actively develop oil fields. so human activity is quite intense. the size make exploration works on the way the ships and helicopters in the area, pipeline construction activity, and so on. and the new site homeless showing it disturbs the life of the wiles that that haven't been any tragic incident. so father died of great wells are and some of the oldest animals on the planet. they've been around for about 30000000 years, how they've been able to stay here for so long and how they've changed if they've changed. i doubt they've changed much individual, the grey wales with the business

b, c's. it has no competition in the animal kingdom. steve illusion positive grey wales means they can find food anyway and shall know coastal walters that have signed on much people in this. yeah, they have no competing spaces on this explains how they stayed around for so long video. the we are on our way to cape zillow, need not only to take of this breathtaking scenery, but to speak with touch on i think of it was part of the far east rush out work on the project. the tatiana, thanks for bringing us up here. so we can see where you work. it's

a fascinating place. i want to get right down to it. the social structures of workers is kind of unique kind of strange. my understanding is that they always stay with their mother as a family throughout their entire life. is this normal? yes, it is. it's normal for fish eating or coasts both male and female to spend their entire life with their mother. more than that, which any or cause borne by younger females also spend their entire life following their grandmother. grandmothers are the founders of a klein, if you like. and the org is have a very well developed social networks. other types of orchids have a social structure that's a bit different. is it always the mother or a female? at least that is in charge of the pon flores laska. it's very hard to say what kind of relationship they have between them, but it appears it is indeed a female orca who is the founder of her family and leader of the group. as a matriarch, a mother and a grandmother,

it is the oldest female specialist. i'm kinda, what does the relationships like within the group itself? so i understand that the children help the elderly, they take turns and caring for each other, sometimes even they share their food. talk to me a little bit about that. mm hm. cosette. org is do share their food and so the adult females share food with their children even when they are full grown adults. female or cars are known to share food with their adults, male descendants from to more often though, foot sharing occurs for the benefit of younger cubs. the truth is there's still not much we know about the relationship between orchids and how they take care of each other. i was one thing we know is that the survival rate for male and female or cuz if the mother orca dies is different when a female or could dies for male descendants start dying to day as well. her female descendants carry on seemingly unaffected respect. we know this as a fact for it, but we still don't know the reason behind the interesting, easier for me now you've been watching carefully over the wells,

locally here and i know they're not wells, but uh i as you know the families and you can tell them apart individually. how is that possible? talk to me like how you can do that. because look us up. it's possible to identify individual or caused by the shape of the sparks on their back and scratches on their skin, the shape of fins and scars. i can identify about a 100 or cuz i know they're individual numbers. we give them all numbers and names . uh, yeah, i've been monitoring what happens to them since 2002. mm hm. what about the language? i understand that different groups of or cuz have their own dialects. i guess when the org assemblies that use similar dialects for communication are related. there are also families with the different dialogues and that means they are not related to the same. we consider them belonging to different plans. it's a meeting most often occurs between orcus from different clans. it's possible that their dialects help them choose preferable meeting partners. mm hm. do you have the

ability to decipher their language? can we understand them? the truth is we can we, we can't understand them and it's very challenging research and technical terms. and you know, the, i mean it's very hard to report under water the sounds produced by individual or cuz the hydrophone, we use records all the sounds and the ocean around it. and i think we're still waiting for a break through in technologies that would enable us to record the sounds made by or cause more efficiently. so can i get our cars dialects are part of their culture . they're passed down from generation to generation. and that's not something they're born with that it has to be learnt. and it's the focus of present day research. but we don't know what the individual sounds they make need. that's hard to know for, for us to find out. as far as i know, workers are predators and they do things as a group. they hunt as a group. in fact, they even have the ability to coordinate complex movements,

which is chilling in some cases. talk to me about that and like how they're able to organize. so good question. when you, i'd like to know the answer to it to is in line. i'm not sure how they do it. i guess they communicate, acoustically. maybe they use other methods besides sounds. sometimes we see different groups in the water keeping their distance and staying silent. suddenly they all turn simultaneously and begin moving in a different direction. so they communicate, but we don't know how. it is amazing how coordinated their actions can be at times when or cause hunt a well or fish together. so it is very impressive. i the me now i know that they have this massive dorsal fin. it can go up to 2 meters. i also know that in captivity it can bend over. why do they need this fan and was this particular body parts so important? so if the cost of only male or cars have this long thing that can be up to $180.00

or $200.00 centimeters, females have shorter since it probably has to do with sexual de marxism. when males and females look different, this means there is competition, sexual selection on the males compete with each other for a female, right? and that's why meals are generally bigger. with larger pictorial fins. 40 i guess the bigger male. when's the female during meeting? but this aspect hasn't really been researched. yes, they've bent their friends in captivity because they can't move fast. the time you go to workers are really fast. definitely, and their blood circulation. props up defense. here we have an orca called willy. and his friend is also bent. that's how torres to boat captains recognize him is i guess he got sick at some points and now he can swim as fast. that's why his fan is bent upon me. a couple interesting. now i know that, um they show signs of intellect. but can we say that workers have an intellect?

are they truly intelligent creatures? do they have emotions? do they think uh, talk to me, what are your thoughts on that? yeah, i don't doubt the fact that they have an intellect and experience emotions like many other animal. well, it is a difficult aspect to study because they don't have typical physical expressions. when we look at monkeys or dogs, we can see some external attributes that show emotions, regression, joy, etc. it is much harder with or cuz we like we know about golf instead, when they flap their tails. this signals irritation, aggression. yeah. so this is something that we will have to research, but they definitely experience emotions. when i from orchestra for a drone, i see how they hug, tap on each other's bodies with their friends. there is affections in the little um, something that i have to ask about considering it's gotten the world's attention around spain and portugal for cars are going and playing maybe,

but i was thinking boats are taking off the rudder. but also scientists have noticed that this behavior starting to spread around the world, is it possible that the or cause in spain are telling their friends, hey, you have to try this? this is fun document. what do you think about this phenomenon? looks like a co cost $0.05 or cars are very social breaking ships is like a cultural tradition for them. now, maybe a couple of org cuz tried it 1st. they liked it and spread the work off with. there might have been some exchange between groups. we'll see you soon, but they're so called the cultural traditions can be spread from one oregon to another from perfect for thoughts can. thank you very much, spend an incredibly interesting conversation and i look forward to seeing them out here. that's good luck to you. and to us, so thank you the,

the, the of the most affordable cuz it was business. and you agree in the 3 of the b,

e a w that was chosen, you know, mary, comes green when you wrote richard, we would just go through this discussion of curriculum for those here, let me provide you a section sure, russel, dumas, manager of the different considering for which of course, and you usually throw in the probably just a moment that was curious if it was you or that research. yes. just to be as to as the top 3. usually i'm looking at these studies leaning towards a flush to, for me to on, on, on the if we can, we can load it mostly just some of the posted sustainable loan because of this new way to parcel do full color. was there any don't know which the guy know for the don't or that you just to do given me other than that, we're going to these best opinion pronounced has come up with the,

[000:00:00;00] the foreign policy and reportedly killed as the idea of strikes are back to g camp of the west bank. meanwhile, in gaza, i felt as involved in the bronx fell in my head. they pulled me out of the rob a little life every ways dangerous. there is no safe place. i mean, isn't it enough? i wish you had enough of, of blood 3. once more the id up is believed you have killed at least 18 civilians. what an ask, do i go to refugee camp in the gaza strip?

several mosques and residential buildings were also ahead by the time this is