presidents which aaron said, you'll do so now and you'll do what we tell you are, i'm no devil like a political consultants and human rights activists. it's always good to see you. my friends, thank you for mortgage. thank you very much. thank you, and i thank you for joining us. everyone else. the international uh program comes to your line from moscow. we are back soon with the society of via credit accounts, offensively. you know, it was a fine you. the other rosa series of lucian's on the, on the west side and ukrainian side illusions about their own strength illusions about the strengths of the russian opponents. basically, the, you know, the rush or a new crime was adored. i just had to be kicked in and the whole structure would come, come sometime in the solutions, have been shocked with the

is this can be started by line. these can be expanded by true importance, and we can never be kind of a study since that transparency is extraordinary. john mystic patrice then just succeeded in finding the documents that existed in making them available to the public. i mean, what could be more moving box by publishing information and sharing information with the public? he was exercising the rights for a speech he did. so in the public interest, i'd watched as a mom realized tends to me and, and honestly, to relate to seriously. i'm i know why advice may know who is the guy that illegal anymore wisely want to just turn to be

on box weighing a 175 used to do it. you do you have sense? it's all we going to lift that stay the some events are so important, so significant that we all remember where we were and what we were doing when they took place. i'm talking about events like the september 11th attacks or the assassinations of president john f. kennedy of robert f kennedy or martin luther king put for americans of my generation. we all remember where we were when we learned that the explosion of the space shuttle challenger, all of the astronaut on board, were killed. one of them was a public school teacher, the 1st american civilian in space. what couldn't cause such a horrible disaster? everybody in the country wanted to know. we finally learned the details and it was thanks to a whistle blower. i'm john kerry onto welcome to the whistle blowers the

. 2 2 2 2 2 2 the space shuttle challenger exploded on january 28th, 1986, just 73 seconds into its flight. killing all 7 crew members on board. the shuttle was 14 kilometers above the atlantic ocean off the coast of cape canaveral, florida when it disintegrated. it was the 1st fatal accident involving an american spacecraft in flight. almost immediately, investigators began to suspect that the culprit was something called an o ring, which experienced a catastrophic failure in flight. and o ring very simply is a rubber seal both primary and back up on the joints of a solid rocket. booster b o rings prevent hot gases from escaping through the joints of the rockets for segments. but that's what happened in video that became famous almost immediately around the world. a flash of fire can be seen where an

o ring should have prevented that. and in a fraction of a 2nd, the space shuttle was destroyed. as it turned out, many people inside the national aeronautics and space administration or nasa had been worried about the o rings. engineers at martin cya call. the defense and space contractor that manufactured the o rings, knew that something was wrong, and that there was a good chance that they could fail. they were in the process of redesigning them and had intended to install new o rings later in 1986. but as in most whistleblower cases where the public has a right to know, the government keeps the information secret. our next guest is the one who told us what the truth was surrounding the challenger disaster. richard cook was a budget analyst at nasa for mid 1985 until early 1986. that's not a long period of time. what is important is that almost immediately after assuming his position,

richard warranty has supervisors about the safety of the solid rocket booster used on the space shuttle. he wrote specifically about the o rings, saying this quote. there is little question that flight safety has been and is still being compromised by the potential failure of the seals. and it is acknowledged that failure during flight would certainly be catastrophic, unquote. richard cook, we are so grateful to have you with us. thanks for being here. thank you. right. glad to be here. john. richard, this is such a fascinating story. and one that changed the course of the us space program. i want to start from the beginning of your time at nasa. you were a young man. you were new to the job, but you had the background to see a problem right off the bat and the presence of mind frankly, to warn your superiors. how did that happen? how was it that you were able to determine so quickly that there was a problem as well? let me, let me just say one that young i was 39 years old,

but i had been working for the federal government since 1970 really so uh, over 15 years and i had quite a variety of assignments. i started with the us civil service commission. uh and then from there i worked at the food and drug administration and i had a pretty good career trajectory going up. i went into the commissioner's office at the food and drug administration. and uh, i was trained as a technical writer. uh, but very quickly i began to work with the scientists of doctors, of people that are pretty high level. so i had an extra talking to the expiration and for understanding what was going on. and then i very for to additionally i got an assignment to the jimmy carter whitehouse where i was there working in the

office of consumer affairs on the issues having to do with consumer economics. so i had a quite a variety of experience and i, i went out of the government for a couple of years and then came back uh after i had spent some time working for a defense contractor. uh, the t r w a company in a project that was going on out in the washington dc suburbs. so this is my introduction to the high tech as it were. and nasa picked me up to yard, that'd be offer me a job of the national, picked me up and i was immediately assigned to the space shuttle program. i ended comptroller's office and i was suppose to be looking at space shuttle hardware from the standpoint of cost analysis, particularly because there were so many cost overruns going on. so i got a very rapid orientation to space shuttle hardware because

in, in that office you had to work with the engineers, you had to talk to people and find out what was going on. we visited all of the nasa field centers, including the kennedy space center where i was down there a week before the challenger disaster. but i had the ability, i guess, to talk to engineers and understand what they were saying. and as soon as i began to work with the headquarters engineers for in the solid rocket booster program, they began telling me the of the potentially disastrous problems with the solid rocket boosters. and being an experience analyst, i wrote it all down. i passed it up to my superiors, was a whole series of memos that i was writing throughout the the fall of 1985

and then uh i saw on the tv monitor at down on national headquarters uh the explosion of challenger. and the speculation began immediately that day that it looked as though on the films that the solid rocket boosters were the cause of the disaster as if there had been an explosion. uh and uh, the national meanwhile was putting out the stories. i had no idea of what was going on, the investigation could take months and might never discover the exact clause. but i went back to my notes, to my documents and to the engineers who had been given me all this information. and everybody knew at nasa headquarters exactly what happened and days went on and finally i got tired of trying to raise awareness of this. uh she

sure various channels. so i just said, well, heck was that? i'm gonna take these papers to the newspapers. so i called the new york times and they said, yeah, this looks pretty interesting. come on down. and that sunday the or ring papers were published. so that's, that's kind of how i got into it. another thing that you had, the presence of mind to do was to consult nasa engineers. they to told you that they were worried about the o rings. one engineer told you that he was so worried about the o rings, that every time the space shuttle lifted off, he would hold his breath. why were these warnings discounted wherever they ignored by the national bureaucracy, habits something like that happened? well, that's a long story. and i didn't really understand the whole story at that time. but i left nasa of the week after i gave testimony to the

presidential commission. they did call me to the stand and i did try as best i could to explain the things that i had written and to point out to them that nasa had known about this problem for many years. so, subsequently i began to collect documents. i published a couple of newspaper articles including one of the washington post. they got quite a pretty good readership. and it wasn't until i retired from the government in 2007. but i put all the information together to truly, really, really and truly try to understand what it happened. and the primary conclusion that i reached was the space shuttle. and i could see this one. i was there, the space shuttle was in the process of being and george into the department of defense. there was even speculation that at some point it was going to be shifted

over a wholesale to the air force. and what was driving that was what was known at the time as the star wars program. this was the president reagan's a weapons in space program that he claimed was a defensive a system. but in reality, there was a whole series of studies and experiments that were gonna go on in order to use the space shuttle as a delivery platform for putting weapons into space. and uh, the budget for the space shuttle was increasingly dependent upon reimbursements from the department of defense. and as somebody said to me at one point during less research, you don't tell the department of defense story, we can't do this. uh,

we gotta stop for a couple of years and fix them to sense they couldn't do that. uh, it was, uh, the whole uh, it's like a jug or not. uh and, and it was hiding behind was the saw that nasa was perfect. the space shuttle was all completely understood nothing whatever go wrong, all of that was large and the little people down in the system. uh, i mean, i don't mean that disparagingly, but i mean, the g s 14 g s 15 engineer is pretty small potatoes when it comes to the entire drift of the federal government into the department of defense in the white house to do something. and so nobody had the ability to just pull the spoken the wheels and say, no, this has to stop the whole, the whole system was railroaded into acquiescence in what the real

insiders knew was essentially catastrophic. new argued in an op ed in the washington post in early 1986. the ness as culture was such that it contributed to the disaster. that's something i hear from whistle blowers all across the us government and especially in the intelligence community. can you explain what you meant by that? what was it about? nasa is culture that made it so difficult to report on a problem that was in the end. deadly. well, yeah, you're, you're, you know, uh, the phrase, gung ho i was put on a half that i bought when i was working at the treasury and it said us treasury department. and this guy came up. so what do you gun ho, uh everybody in the system, particularly when you get into the military and intelligence side of things, is expected to be going home. and uh, what that means is you are provided by an atmosphere of their, your whole career,

your whole livelihood, your whole self image all depends on whether or not you're going to salute when they run some crazy policy up the flagpole. and if you salute and you're, you're going to make it in the system. if you don't salute is career suicide and that's the way nasa was. it was the most gun ho atmosphere i had ever seen. i had not seen this and some of my other assignments, including the carter white house. we used to say stuff there, the disagreed with the with a policies and they might even talk to you about it, but no, not a nation. thank you, richard. as we're speaking with whistle blower, richard cook about the events leading up to the destruction of the space shuttle challenger in january, 1986. and the story doesn't end their state to. we're going to talk about richard's federal whistle blowing.

the release of russian states, narrative as tight as i'm one of the most sense community invest in most all sense and up in the system must be the one else calls question about this, even though we will then in the european union, the kremlin mission, the state on the russians cruising and supports the r t. suppose next, even our video agency, roughly all the band on youtube, the agent said this was the question. did you say a request, which is the

number you need? you reasons typically fall here. now think, you know, what kim's in the book then actually should see where it gets to the the only issue ok is use the sounds good to the, by the ways that the boys the, the, the, the most new. and that'll be for them. imagery of us to florida doesn't want that

extra them put the notes up under that. welcome back to the whistle close. i'm john to reaku. we're speaking with richard cook about his experience blowing the whistle at the national aeronautics and space administration or nasa just before the failure of an old ring destroyed the space shuttle challenger. that was exactly what richard warren, his superiors would happen to have you with us. richard, thanks for staying. good to be here. thank you. one more question about the space shuttle richard in 1986 after the challenger broke apart and that's a tried to keep its own fault in it at bay by providing misleading or even dishonest information to the, to the media. you contacted the new york times and let them print key documents that you had collected over time. along with that, you also testified before the roger's commission,

which was investigating the disaster and you became instrumental in exposing the white house as cover up regarding the explosion. you only worked at nasa for about 7 months, leaving in february of 1986 the month after the incident. but you still managed to be honest and to do the right thing. what was the fall out from doing that? what was the reaction from your colleagues at nasa, from your superiors and, and even from the white house? well, as i said, and i left national right after i testified before the presidential commission. but i continued to be involved in the aftermath. i gave interviews to the commission staff. i gave interviews to the national office of inspector general, where i discussed a whole lot of other issues having to do with the space shuttle. some of which made it into the commission to report with many of which did not. uh and i was also

doing press interviews. uh when i got to treasury or they pulled me into a meeting with the treasury department headquarters. uh, i a taking a job with uh, one of the component agencies which in treasury the financial management service. uh, nobody's heard of them. they process trillions of dollars of government payments every year. and that's a pretty big project that i was starting to work on. but i was labeled as a whistleblower. in fact, my new supervisor was quite angry at me, but he got a job somewhere else and left. so i was able to, to work, i'm to do my job. but a point came where i actually gave a press conference, where i said that it looked to me as the white house was involved in the flood launch decision. uh, well, uh. as i was told later,

the white house contracted the treasury department and told them to fire me. uh and of course that would have been a personal disaster. uh but the head of our agency. uh username was ernie douglas. and he was an old, hard bitten career treasury guy or any actually told the net a treasury headquarters? no, i'm not gonna fire this guy. he's done nothing illegal. and that was the stance that they took when, when the rubber hits the road. because my, with my whistle blowing from that point on, i was always a suspicious character. but i was still a pretty good analyst. and uh uh, i think there was a, a kind of

a grudging respect for me that i had one down in the, in the bureaucracy. and so i actually got on pretty well for the next 20 years. retired with distinction. richard, i have to say, and i hope i'm not embarrassing you, but you were something of a whistleblower superman. you were only on the job at nasa for 6 months and you became a major whistleblower and then you left nasa and went to the us department of the treasury. it was there that you exposed serious problems in the monetary system. so tell us what that means, what, what was it that you exposed? well, um that was kind of a of an evolving process. uh, i did a lot of different kinds of things at treasury. i was an analyst. i was assigned to all kinds of different projects,

but later on i began to develop training courses on the history of the treasury department and under us monetary system. and so we ran into at that time, was that there were 2 parts of the government. the 2 never were supposed to criticize. one was the defense department. they had their own, a financial system in the course. during that period, the defense department came up with some many trillions of dollars that were missing. and that's never been explained, but we weren't supposed to go there. same with the federal reserve. the federal reserve was a treasury fiscal agent. and that means they handle all of the ex journal funding relation, fisher treasury, including the sale of, of treasury bonds to bills all that and to manage the federal

government debt. well, as i began to study this more and more, i began to realize the a's at the federal reserve was really not a federal government agency. the federal reserve was a banking conglomerate that was literally owned by the wall street banks. and as i began to investigate this further and got into the origin of the federal reserve system, more or more began to see the creation of the federal reserve in 1913 as a, almost an insurer rection by the much of the money trust against the congressionally mandated for variety of, of, of congress, an n and a federal executive branch to create and manage your monetary system of the u. s. and i began to realize it was this whole federal system that was

a federal reserve system with the banks being increasingly due regulated lead to the catastrophes that we've seen over and over again a over the decades of wisdom monetary system, including the see normal financial collapse of 2008, 2009. and so when i began studying this, i began to realize that the monetary authority of the united states had been taken away by wall street and the big banks, and that it had to be restored. if we were to gain any kind of stability or sanity in our monitor assistant and i still believe that i am still writing about that. you had a long, proud career of 32 years in federal service and you made news more than once you went to treasury already having a reputation is a truth teller, ronald reagan was still president. then the people at the white house who had tried to cover up nasa's and their own involvement in the challenger disaster were still

around. so what were things like for you at treasury? was life easier? or did you have to constantly defend yourself because you were a nasa whistle blower? it was a lot easier. and, and, you know, i have a great fondness and respect for the career civil service. and i really began when i joined the government, 1970 with the us civil service commission, the men and women that i work with. and we're, we're tremendous in professionals with integrity, with confidence and, and it continued that way uh, to most of my federal career. and it was that way of treasury. i really liked it. there. people treated me well. i did my bill. i moved up the career ladder. i had a lot of interesting projects. and i had

a had an honorable retirement when the time came and 2007. and then i continued to write articles and books afterwards. uh, with no rep precautions. i have a tremendous respect for the federal workforce and still do. uh and uh, i had that way all through my treasury career and i, i just really loved it. richard, thanks so much for being with us. it was a pleasure president calvin coolidge, one said, doing the right thing never requires subterfuge. it's always simple. indirect coolage was famously a man of few words, but these words are quite clear. sometimes issues are clear, cut their right or wrong. doing the right thing is always, always best. just look at richard could. his truth was in service of the american people. it's as simple as that, and history will smile on him because of it. thanks for joining us for another

episode of the whistle blowers. i'm john kerry. yahoo! we'll see you next time. 2 2 2 2 2 the of the, in the 1870s, the colonial expansion of the british empire and the nile valley in greece. the british decided to get complete control over sudan. however, the deeply religious people of that country did not want to obey 4 laws. the unceremonious intervention of british officials led to people's discontent. it's spokesmen was the theologians mohammed off not to feel blamed himself the marty,

the design. he began to gather an army against the invaders. by 1884. most of the suit in the cities were in the hands of the month. great britain decided to intervene directly. but the troops of ahmad gave the invaders a drubbing. in 1885, the rebels to the capital car to the feet of britain was don't. only by the very end of the 19th century, after the death of ahmad, the british were able to regain their control of sudan. unable to defeat the living body, the british took revenge on the dead. what his remains were drawn out of the mazda liam, and thrown away into the nile odds had was brought to england as a trophy. however, the victory of the modest revolt became the 1st successful action of the peoples of africa against the colonial afresh, and remained

a dark stain on the reputation of the british empire. the post group of palestinian prisoners released by his rail, arrive in the west bank on friday. reports are coming in right now. let's say the 2nd round of exchange is reportedly on the way with around 40, more people expected to see freedom at any moment now was part of the full day through space time. as part of the swap, my boss really says 20 full sausages for the young and old i'll reunited with a loved ones. a 13 more reportedly expected to be returned soon. one of our report is in the region ah, standing by the.