can you see through their illusions, going underground? can the, the hello, i'm manila chan you are tuned into modus operandi. the so called us pivot to the pacific is under way, but at terms actually kind of deceiving. while being general public attention is placed on taiwan. there are quiet or more subtle moves being made in asia to counter china. today, we'll take a look at mongolia, landlocked between 2 superpowers, china and russia. for the us has labeled enemies when mongolia falls to western pressure will discuss it. all right, let's get into the m o. the

thousands of years ago, mongolia was the eastern military power dominating across the region. riding on horseback toward modern day, your journey gets con, lead his so called hoard to congress, thousands and thousands of miles of territory forever. etching his name and a world history. the mongol empire was once the largest contiguous land empire ever but fast forward some millennial later after a stint in the soviet union and then it's a bench will collapse. in the early 19 ninety's, mongolia has largely remained out of international news. until now, a country of only some 4000000 people, most of whom live in abject poverty, the prime minister. oh, you are dean loops and almost right. made

a trip to washington dc to meet with vice president campbell harris. secretary of state, anthony, linkedin and other bite and admin officials, president widens, did not meet with them on goliad pm. but that didn't change the reason for the trip . the mongolia leader, scientists country up to be a member of the multi lateral open skies treaty that would make for mutual cooperation of airspace and commercial flights. so this all in hopes that the deal would help boost the country's economic position. but as the saying goes, the devil is in the details. joining us to talk about this and the new attention towards greater asia will bring in a friend of the show. our share comment off is a political analyst and consultant based in curtis done. he's got experience working with the u. n and the world back. so our share recently over the summer,

the prime minister of mongolia and made a trip to washington dc where he's signed onto the us multi lateral open skies treaty, which the us already has with a 130 other countries. the treaty on its face per ports to be about opening the sky to commercial and cargo flights between countries, which obviously would help increase trade. so while much of that is true, is it also true that open skies treaties to come with permission for the us to use mongolia skies for reconnaissance flights and vice versa? menu a, this is the case actually open skies the trees though it's tricky. and so there is a high possibility that to some countries as how those treat is to use open space for various purposes, including reconnaissance missions. and that's precisely the reason why i'm on role

is neighbors such as china and russia are concerned, they're deeply concerned. so china has been new voice seems to the concerns that the us is conducting reconnaissance missions for 4 or 4 years. and so up and russia, you know, as you, as you know, now it's we in the state of war. so russel also made its concerns clear so, and there's no way mongolia can assure that this guy's treaty will not be used by the us to conduct a record of suspicion. so it's very hard to establish that. so at this point, we can say that the open sky streets, they are just open and so of, and those concerns about china and russia should be taken seriously actually. so skeptics to this new collaboration, which the american vice president described as just strengthening ties. the skeptics say this relationship is more about what the us wants from mongolia,

and that would be one to drive a wedge between mongolia and its neighbors, to the north, russia, and neighbors, to the south, china, and then to, or to have access to the, to procure or extract some of the vast mineral wealth in mongolia such as gold, copper, and other rare, or minerals, which are estimated to be valued at roughly 3 trillion us dollars. we should note that your own country, curtis don, has similar mineral wealth or the skeptics, right? so about mongolia look, skeptics that are right, in this case, the thing is the united states, it makes no secret that it wants mongolia to be on the side of the western world in this 2 political rivalry. the thing is over the past several digit starting from the 1990. suppose 1991 goal, yet i was able to shed

a chuckle from the soviet union. the united states has invested billions of dollars a lot of efforts to make one goal, a model democracy, so that the other neighbors, including countries into such leisure region, take example from one goal. so the us has a vested interest. there were a number of eventually mongolia that to we can democracy in the eyes of the us officials so, but now sticks out too high. and so the united states wants to cheap mongolia as a country. it wants to keep its resources away from russia and china and be useful . my goal is prosperity, and it was to remain a democracy and a d on the side of a democratic world. and of course, my goal is in a very difficult situation, just like the central asian regions. it has deep ties with china, 90 percent of its expos go to china. 90 percent of the mobile is hydro power

resources, oil gas come from russia. so one goal is very dependent on those 2 powerful neighbors, but it also wants to preserve really good relations with the united states. mongolia wants to keep that image as a, as a shining democracy on a hill, a very bad, also, tara neighborhood. and there are a lot of my goal is to go up with this belief that they are different, that they are a nation that has the lower is passed is an issue of congress. and now all these people, especially younger generation, you want to be a, uh, strong democracy. and it was to be like a, like a connected to the west of the world. but it's at the same time there, cognizant that without russia and china is a country memorial most of life. so it's a conundrum. money alone, golden officials in order to see this, they are finding themselves between a walk and a hard place. on the one hand, they want to use their resources to kind of, to explore, to the west,

to the east. so they want to preserve good relations with both of the worlds. but it's hard to sit on the 2 chairs and think of these hard times a testing the goal is patience. meanwhile, mongolia a green several years ago to the c, m r e. c, the china and mongolia, russia, economic court, or what's done prairie road. now for china, this falls under their b r i the belt in rhode initiative or what some might say the new silk road that rail starts in china is 10. gin goes through central mongolia and the north into rushes, siberia and quarter. so this one vastly improved mongolia has import export capabilities, given that, you know, as a landlocked country. what is the attitude about initiatives such as this across that region? well, the general attitude of the people in the region, including the mobile, the m, essentially asian countries, is highly positive. any arrangement in with china and russia involved?

it's a good news for my goal that people and the central asian populations. so there's lovins, you $1001.00 goal is already part of numerous organizations involving china and russia, china hutch critical operation, i see on score of others, world trade organization, someone who is the low, those international inter public organizations. and they also want to, they want their goods to be explored all over the world. but there's also some skepticism . my goal is the country of less than 4000000 people. and there's a certain number of organizations where you can be effectively a member, you know, of these organizations, the carol of obligations and agent tax resources, as well as the energy of the government, which is already strained by so many commitments as so many projects internally and externally, so the question on the minds of skeptics is this, can we pull this new initiative off?

do we have the resources we have the stamina to carry through. so, and my goal is to realize that they are overstretched. so, but nobody chance scanner do use any issue to where china is, is one of the parties. so i think that there's positive editors as usual, but there's also concerns. there's quite concerned yes, sanctions and the like. now we've seen the us do this already all around the world . all right, coming up next mongolia is stuck between a rock and a hard place. i'm referring to the ceo and nato. we'll discuss it when we return with alice are coming up so tight. the ammo will be right back the the

what comes after the ceasefire will disagree or look for a way to end the hostilities or will it continue? is more of an i elation also next year, nato turn. 75 years old. is the alliance seeking the creative way to induct ukraine in today? the cause they already cps because they cut the growth. is that and then use email futures. great. if in to the roles, the nazi theory of racial superiority finished style for years of creating an ssl all the place and 14 concentration comes. so the full prisoner of war,

labor comes to in prisons really well, you know, think she's the media venue. so i'm assuming you need even the, the chest is really to get over there. could you look into the beatles going to be approximately 25000 people went through the occupied of go to finish camps according to official figures. these move stuff suddenly level if the ship utility and i give you an idea, i'm not sure it's just the snider stuff. so the youngest that i mean you know what the found in disease forced labor to achieve by the world. and so for me was, what was the last it also need you to do was to take that to you that, that it's a deep, it almost human off with those who put in his name, push the things up, the give you what feel like you do it because he doesn't do those thousands of test a massive crimes and the impunity of criminals. nothing more. when you look on here, you know, wanted to do to speeds 90 and the did actually

a year for the good. i see it are released upon me. they decided to do, we can just duplicate it, but this is danielle. that was put in the middle of the a hi acceptance. and i'm here to plan with you. whatever you do. do not watch my new show. seriously. why watch something that's so different. whitelisted opinions that he won't get anywhere else. welcome to please. i do have the state department to see i a weapons makers, multi 1000000000 dollar corporations. choose your fax for you. go ahead. change and whatever you do. don't want my shell stay main street because i'm probably going to make you uncomfortable. my show is called stretching time. but again, you probably don't wanna watch it because it might just change the way you the walls and back to the m o. i'm vanilla chan. we are

back with alice your comment off. he is a geo political analyst based and curtis sound. thank you for staying with us, alistair. so let's talk more specifically about mongolia is domestic circumstances, according to transparency dot org on the countries corruption perception index. mongolia is right among some of the most corrupt countries in the world. there are only 64 other countries in the world with worse scores. what's driving that perception and what would help improve it's ranking in the world. when you look on st. curtis star button curtis done, we closely observe, we watch what happens, email goal it because what happens there will have strong repercussions for us and we are developing along similar lines. so we, we both were pursuit of coming to the stage. we. ready both of these countries, the software from soviet or corrupt bureaucracies, as well as

a decrepit crumbling infrastructure and just like mongolia. curtis don also has problems with these. a powerful business leads could have told cards to ruling establishment. so, but one thing above one goal is that it's a small country, and you would think that in this small country where population is less than 3 and a half 1000000, that would be stronger oversight over government, bureaucracy, and institutions. but the reality is quite complex. so we know that the legal officials, they fight with corruption, they have all these initiatives. but at the same time, there are strong suspicions among people that will, there's a lot of corruption. the thing is media, mongolia, it claims that it's open and all that. but to a lot of jo was the use self censorship because they're afraid of these business. the leads, the console, the goal, and so they use self censorship. so without strong media,

without strong watch dogs, it's very hard to fight corruption. most importantly, one village you order for you has a, a plays rule, vast country. so if you go to walmart or the capital, it's just flourishing. it's just a lot of money in that city, but outside loan butter regions, you know, those rural areas, the development, the one bothering seat and spot trickling down. and the reason is that traveling from bloomberg to those distant ridges is quite problematic. the roads network are not networks of developing, but is there still many kind of a there's, there's need for, there's room for improvement. so when you have a vast country it's, it's hard to travel to distinguish it. so it's hard for officials in below motor to keep oversight over those drill grass in the region. so there's this geography. so, and then there's this a role of history as a communist country, formerly communist country. google inherited a lot of corrupt institutions,

as well as the government officials watch doing board for good or officials. they steal cherry story was, all those of the young democrats and reformers have come to power. so there is this a struggle for control over the country between young reformers and the old soviet era. nomic latour, uh like a buick buick drop. and so in some it's a complex country. and so ordinary people just like in the central asian region have lost hope. they had been a number of uprising, so revolutions. all of them were rooted in high corruption in government. so business interests that have ties to china. they also play a big role. and we know that the china is not known for democratic control over or as government. so my goal is to actually use andre, listen from china, and they're all the business interests going back and forth. so the, some people,

some skeptic believe the ties with a bone democracies explains it wise instruction, but such concerns, of course, they might be overstated. generally, i think that there's this popular this content, or how they're going with is wrong. as we mentioned before, mongolia is landlocked between 2 superpowers, russia and china. they're members of the seo, the shanghai cooperation organization. but they're also what's called a needle partner, where they're not signatories or full members. rather, they've signed a memorandum of cooperation with the block, or the one goal is hedging their bets here in terms of security, do you foresee a time in future that they might have to choose sides one walk over the other? one thing is that, well, that has been under this pressure for centuries manila as a country, it has been on the influence of so many large power. so since the time of getting

you called in, and so even today we see the strong rivalry and one goals. they've proved great diplomats and skilful negotiators for now they managed to keep this geopolitical rivalry in control and they've played the cards well. but things are getting harder and harder, and the officials, they have acknowledged how was this west and the sanctions against russia? caesar become very difficult. so what we should keep in mind that the main goal is not going to enjoy new to any time soon. and this part of the partnership for peace or for some of the programs, but we're on goal as part of need or they don't full membership. they're not even close to them. so they provide mongolia a chance to train their soldiers along with some needle trips. but nothing more, nothing less than that. and so, and my goal is aware of that, and it's actually

a showcasing partnership with, with needle. there's just a symbolic, a practical solution which is not intended to weaken mobile this, ty securitized with russia or china, china and russia come 1st when it comes to security. uh, for one goal. yeah. and there's no way more than one goal. yes. to choose other regions or countries or russia to try and they will pay a big price. so in some one goal is to jana, play the delicate game and balancing game. and this is similar to what we in the centralized origin was back as phone calls like stone and tourist are doing. so we're closely watching mongolia home on goal is pretty russia house, really china in the us. so what you learn a lot from most to pasadena to have good relations with all these large and small countries. according to a 2020 report by the world bank, my goal is poverty rate remain stubbornly high. 28.4 percent of the country is

considered impoverished. that's surviving on just under $2.00 per day. the next 15 percent of mongolia as population is just barely above that poverty line, which means they can easily slip into the former group. so together that is some of 43.4 percent of mongolia has 3 and a half 1000000 nationals, almost half the population who subsist on about $5.00 per day or less given that countries and natural resources. i think this is a stark contrast. how can a government improve the living standards for its people in the 1st step is actually to clean the government to clean their act. so officials which are now strongly tied to all these informal business elisa, very need to cut those ties. there's a conflict of interest going on, and so much of the development goes to long bought are as as upset. and while other

regions they are receiving short attention is sufficient attention from the central government. so the other important step is to look at china. so china is largest powerhouse, in fact, much of the developing the goal that has seen over the past several decades is thanks to china. china has investments in more labor migration of models, interviews, parts of china. and so without china as a can only help, i think more rolly and so will not achieve strong level of developing. so the number 3 is that without russia lawyers, they won't make much progress, especially in the region. so my goal, i wish border russia. so the investment from brochure in terms of oil and gas, uh, they are cheat one goal and economy. so um, but we should also keep in mind that the geography is a major hindrance to developing so much of the bladder specialist. and so,

and of course there are a lot of resources, but extracting those resources requires high tech equipment. uh, you know, these trains, uh, specialists, uh, really dedicated people who can work in harsh environments. you know, my goal is, suffers from this condition called jude. it's like this cool, really bad weather that affects my goal in winter. millions of livestock dies because severe climate condition, so it is a huge impact on, on the economy. so how can you were standing alexa, the such harsh climate, the condition. so there are a lot of, uh, difficulties for mobile government. and so mengel government has been trying to meet those challenges by relying on, you know, how from china as well as from russian. so and so it's a complex uh, question of home move or to move forward. but there's a already a team of a buick right of official training in the west. we're educated in china. i think

that they know they, they have the best best answers to the questions and come on developing. and so they are now struggling for influence. and i think that with these officials, i think to my goal is in good hands. so it sounds like there needs to be more focus on infrastructure in that country. now. last hour. sure. as, as a cultural note, can you tell us a little bit about what type of structure that you're sitting in and what are you wearing? manila, i'm actually now on the shores of lake is cool of 800 years ago and more. dig hard and his horde of the conquerors, they marched all the way from the source of cool, courteous task, monitor, tory on what's to you on their congress. so i'm sitting in a traditional one goal, jr. in 1st time we call it as you're aware of a deal, actually it's a, it's a, it's a, it's a wonderful traditional man's clothing. as you can see, it's really

a fix. it keeps new or it's really cold. now and it's a glare, so i guess they are amazing structures. they'll like a round shape to a week where type tents and so they keep people warm because they are surrounded by so felt the made of wood the harley lowball. that's what movie and conquerors soldiers broke with them along the way. they would stay in these gears. and so it's really spacious, as well as in house or more than 20 people. so it's, it's, we are encouraged stone. we are proud of our wonderful cars. the thing is i cherry mom, the blog as well. my, my interest is the old windows and i'm so proud to be connected to my goal is for blood, as well as through culture. alice or come to the political analyst and consultant based and curtis down his background experience working with via us and world bank . thank you so much for your time and coming to us from the coolest structure that

we have ever seen on the show so far. thank you. all right, that's going to do it for this episode of modus operandi the show that digs deep in the foreign policy and current affairs. i'm your host miller chan. thank you for tuning in. we'll see you again next time to figure out the m. o. the, [000:00:00;00] the revolution of 1789 in france, gave hope for the liberation of the oppressed peoples in the french overseas territories. but paris did not want to part with its sources of profit. so 1st sign

of the colonization was the uprising of black slaves in haiti that remote island, reduced almost half of all the sugar on the planet. sooner was made by d as in franchise slaves broad from africa. scene 1791. they started an uprising against their oppressors. the black swept away the colonial administration and formed their own army. it was led by that charismatic leader, francois dominique tucson. level 2 are ranked attempts to regain control of the colony were unsuccessful. having comes up, our napoleon dispatched a large expeditionary force to haiti, the french manage the caps or to saul loved your by defeats, but they could not suppress the rebels and suffered devastating defeat. on january 1, 18

o 418 declared independence. the 1st one in the whole latin america. however, freedom was paid for with the blood of 200000 courageous haitians who had sacrificed their lives for the abolition of slavery on our planet. the events in haiti were the only successful uprising of slaves in history. when they not only through of slavery, but also began to rule their state the, the,

the, the tape uh, but with good he doesn't go was like who are fine, but i was calling to check to see, to see, oh, see on the move to see she must see washing hold be a me in the most of the you have to put uh, some that i can is i'm dr. lee and institution developed dependent on many countries. they have 1300000000 roman catholics around the world. and as they say in america, follow the money that it can guess most of its money from pro western countries. that lot of the nato countries, spain, italy, england, germany, as well as mexico and the united states. so it is dependent on the fact that people sort of come on, we'll stick with grants, and you said you have to deal with rich new. i mean, the,

the says i'm agreement has been read with is well on the how much to extend the current these 5 another 2 days. it hadn't been 2 slides a day. and a c arrest was very harsh. the storms my house threatened to arrest my family and my nephew's children, i suffered a lot, 3 head inside a story from one of the us and in prison is released by as well as part of the ongoing swap to the 9 year old is where he goes his father to see says if his or her family a live by how about the