d a is to cause maximum carnage against the enemy. but as you'll learn today, that is not the reality of what happens to the bomb these historical records. tell us that us cluster munitions have over a one percent fail rate. they don't explode as intended. so what happens is they remain dormant in the ground for sometimes decades as it allows for an unsuspecting civilian to accidentally step on kick or whatever, maybe a farmer telling their land. most of the civilians, however, are children who think their toys because they look like a tennis ball. a little tennis ball sized or, or you may think a one percent fail rate is actually a good number. but you'd be wrong when you consider the 10s of thousands of the bond lists that are actually released since the 2008 convention on cluster munitions. more than a 100 countries have signed the treaty, including france,

germany, another one's the u. k. and 20 other nato allies and partners such as japan and australia. but the us, russia and ukraine have not signed on. in fact, for the u. s. d o, the policy issued in november of 2017 permits. the use of all the millions of cluster munitions stocks, quote, until sufficient quantities of enhanced and more reliable versions are developed and filled in. and the pentagon policy also pays the way for the us acquisition of cluster munitions from foreign sources to replenish its stock. according to human rights watch, meaning the us has to get rid of its old stockpiles somehow. so they can make way for the acquisition of new munitions. and so to talk more about the ravages of

cluster munitions will bring in a guest who has had on the ground 1st hand experience with the sab results of the use of these weapons. sarah cool up the law is the ceo of legacies of war and chair person for the us campaign to ban land lines and cluster munitions coalition. you can follow her on twitter or x as they are calling it these days at sarah lab fell out. thank you so much for joining us, sarah. so there's a, a lot of talk lately about cluster munitions because of the war in ukraine after the us decided to send keys of some of the pentagons old stock piles. and i think it's fair to speculate that some of these old stockpiles came from decades ago when the c, i a range these down onto a louse during the sixties and seventies. talk to us about the kind of devastation cluster munitions cause and is there any impact to these types of arms as they

age? meaning could perhaps older munitions have a higher failure rate to detonate, then say newer ones? yeah, i'm the i think so much behind me on it and terrorist i think this issue. so 1st i just want to say that as someone who have 1st and witness my father, dr. suicide, go up there. i work on numerous win victims, chrysler, or u. s. o n i, accident. i know the version of the horrors that these guys are indiscriminate. they'll be what is can have on a civilian population. so, you know, was a little bit about the munitions that in question, right? so to by the administration, announce on july 7th that it was transferring munitions shoot you, my and those munitions are now being used by the,

in military and the ones that questions are from the 1980s. so these are the m 864, and they're at least 30 years old. and the, you are actually right. you know, was these munitions are sitting in our saw pile? they do age and there's where i share. but i think the, the plan that we should be focusing on is the impact of civilians during and after the conflict. not that way, right. i think the battery is just right here. and i because we know that the latest march report on us munition was just we meet this week and states that these weapons impact 90 percent of civilians and 60 percent of those civilians are children that are under the age of 18. right. and like

you, i avow heritage, my own family were victims of us cluster munitions, my paternal grandfather and my dad. then 7 year old little brother died as a result of the secret war in the 1960. so for me, this is deeply personal as it probably is for you. but this isn't a problem that is left to history. is it? i mean it's, it's still a persistent problem. it allows today yeah, no 1st, no, thank you for sharing your own personal story. because i do feel that there you see more and more people share this as part of just really draining the history, learn from it as well as you try. and to me, this is a 2 day problem. so today allows every single hours also problems and the capital city. again, john has some sort of contamination, right? and these are from bonds are draw exactly 50 years ago. i was just in miles

and you know, 2 weeks before i flew out in august, there was a traffic accident that occur in the province. and this involved 3 children, all under the age of 10. so to 10 year old and a 5 year old little girl just found more and i was just laying around and it doesn't need it. and it showed all 3 children and injured one. no more any stations dot receive funding from the united states government to try to address this. we're able to just call the expense on the medical expense for the injured and then the funeral and basi by traditional religious therapy for the 3 children whose last parish. so dot is jet in july, that happens, right? and today, the national regulatory authority,

the governing body of the us doing miles, estimates that at least 20000 people. so cavities of these unexplored orders these 5 decades, or still i need a chair. and that, you know, that doesn't tell you that this is a problem today. i don't know what was right like we have countless id. my meetings are the minors that are working to clear these orders. but still to this day, less than 10 percent of the area miles has been cleared. and there's still this great need for funding to use these organs to provide language occasion for victims . like the ones i shared with you inside this, which currently does not have any my wrist, education curriculum, or as the mining she not to mention the victims of the war right

after the war. as well as, unfortunately, unless we these or i the future as well. yeah. now it's my understanding and correct me if i'm wrong, but roughly 40 percent of laos is currently completely uninhabitable due to the mass proliferation of us those all over the country. talk to us about those cleaning efforts and allows. yeah. so you know, fortunately, manila is not the way it is 30 percent. that's the estimation. right. so 130 else i still have contamination and this is, you know, i swore or games. there's a least, a $183.00 different types of ordinance that's delivering the beautiful landscape allows. and you know, as an american, the very how that the guy states as the meetings lender globally on. imagine the my. so since 1993, the united states had invested at least one last of $1000000000.00 for clearance,

for a 100 countries. and that includes loss. so due to, you know, legacy to war, our supporters, our partners, obviously assets this year and miles is receiving $25000000.00 for the highest afterwards because of things on my reservation. how the united states. and this is a lot of money, but i'll give you just a quick perspective in the us. then $16000000.00 a day in today's dollars to the bottom loss or 9 straight years. so 25000000 in my opinion, is a drop in the box. we need to download or this is my office to be cleared with yours a minus lifetime, right? yeah, and this is a problem that we know how to resolve and we have play the myers. that's them ready

to do this class effort. but they need more funding, they need to stay. yeah. id be able to expand the team and provide more my collab to children showing that the dangers of these are slow there. right? yeah. and you know, like the last or that i have to kind of has to go to hollins, the entire boss. and you know, to give you an idea of how to use the my work is i visited the d h i or imagine inclusion team in the northern parts. and this is a project that's funded by the netherlands. so thank you. now that was and i hope they'll continue to find the h. i've seen doing this work, but the entire loss is very mountainous, right. so there's a lot show. the train is very difficult to access my team and i had to bring a plane to some. yeah, and then take a 3 and

a half hour the car ride to get to the d mining site. and then i slipped out to the area where you want me to clean up job. but it's really just the goal, because in order to clear the land, you have to remove sort of meditation, right? so meaning unclear and yet so you can even get in there. and then maybe you're taking all the necessary precautions yourself as all the days before, just in that nation. i that requires them to announce that the villagers coordinate with the people living in the area as well as their livestock to make it safe before clearance and destination. can happen, so this is, you know, um there's a lot of process and it requires like immense dedication to training as well as just like the perspective that we are to ensure that you might in the lives are

stayed as well as all the people that live in that area, right, especially to your point about $45000000.00 for this one year. if we look at the broader pentagon budget of $845000000000.00 this past year alone, that is certainly less than a drop in the bucket. i say please sit tight, we're going to come back with you for some more. don't go anywhere, sarah. coming up next. the us often credits itself with being a champion of human rights, but it's track record would suggest otherwise. we'll discuss it when we return with sarah. pull up the last a tight. m o will be right back. the the, the

on the on the x just open the door and you pull some of the products and must have less than it comes to us. we'll probably, that's something i've been in the school just to read it in the

polls and it's a full of them in my own way, this to be a license, football. shy, right? only conflict of interest or students pursuing issue even though you pretty much lose the welcome back to the m. o i manila chance we're continuing our conversation about the cluster munitions with our guest sarah collab, deluxe sarah is uh, the ceo of legacies of war. thank you for staying with us,

sarah. so in spring of 2023, you published an up at in usa today, calling on president bye to not to sent cluster munitions to ukraine, but also for the us to join the 100 plus countries in a multi lateral treaty to banned the use of them the convention on cluster munitions entered into force back on august 10th of 2010. so as of now the us has not signed onto the convention. do you think part of that? that is because the convention calls for member countries to clear contaminated areas within 10 years. and because it requires members to destroy all of its stock within 8 years now add to that the requirement to provide assistance to victims like a victim's compensation fund. i mean, is that all perhaps too tall in order for the us, especially as it pertains to allows so great question. now i think the

best person to answer that would be present by in congress. what i can say now is, you know, as the chair of the u. s. c, l, c, and z, or you can change that landline cost municipal lesson. i'll, we are greatly concerned with the possible issues that the united states have transferred to ukraine. and we have consistently, you know, my polish and colleagues, 9 administration from washington heresy for clarity as well, or tend to like stop sending lots of munitions. now the united states have at least 1700000 club. the shells was filed in rockets in arsenal. point to the human rights watch. definitely per led to $500000000.00. so munitions, you know, that's a lot of an issue hire right. and these are bands my or

a $120.00 countries for a reason why there is going to that, right? they cannot tell the difference between or small tile. they don't have any mechanism that we solve the straw. so that means the cheese or countries like miles, claudia and get. now, we're talking 5 decades and we're still cleaning up these deadly weapons. and people has to be our, our actual line. um, now our us government will say that we are leaning towards, you know, doing everything that you mentioned in cost munitions when we require a signature forey. um, you know, the latest in 2017 i, there's a mandate that requires congress to not be able to transfer any documentation that have a better way of over one percent at the bottom says violated i sending nations which is on government has a, has a again,

i don't rate of 2.35 percent. now this, this is probably above the one percent, right? but still, maybe we cannot trust these the court because any time the use the munition and about feel always have consistently shown that is different from race that are specific reports. right, right. and when you look at what's like the congressional service review reports, the government's own a house report. all these patients the rates are different, right? in the case of the 2022 rational service, you were to get the manufacturer stating that the the, the rate is between let to buy sense. but do you mind uh, do you mind experts with these uh,

the rate uh between 10 to 30 percent. now in the case of work that we have already witness, i like the war miles, familiarity and um, those got nation rate, those daily rate, those dod rates, excuse me. so those that rate are anywhere between 10 to always of 30 percent as we seen in los. yeah. and you have actually just recently returned state side after a visit to louse this summer. i have seen a lot of new videos on social media recently of developments across laos, like the new high speed rail built by a chinese investment that goes from beyond john, the capital city all the way. uh, north into united province china. there's a large, upscale shopping mall that looks like any mile you'd find in america built by a malaysian investment group. the russians are building out new infrastructure at the bmw airport. do you think this speaks to one like the spirit of the allow

people to move past it's designation as the most heavily bombed country on the planet. but as a double edge sword, do you fear that seeing so many new positive developments there, that people might forget the ravages of cluster munitions that still linger especially all over the countryside? or yeah, yeah, you're, you're right. there's a lot of the development in laos and national geographic. it just actually does a lot of the top for estimation for 2023 lighthouse. you know, i don't want you are not there to the god just because last is deals help me mom. she is history that there is and it's a few a right. there's so many beautiful places for torres. what? who, you know, in my home town, i miss out on the plea i'm tired and or have already been cleared and

a safe for taurus louse is gary now to chair. did a twice me or i'll see on to be the chair boss unit twice before. so there's a lot of people that will be miles and miles is holding for investments in the, for the partnership with the rest of the world. so i'm very proud of that and i'm proud of you know, the government right hiding. just because, regardless of the task that people out, these are for it and the people well deserved to see my time view as it's more progress neighbors. but to answer your question, the are number one priority. manila is actually the issue, meaning to remove the munition to make it the worst people and the elements of this beautiful country are they actually adopted. in addition to the 17 sustainable

development goals that hundreds of companies know that they all the world, you know, prioritizing lake power, the equity generate quality loss added a s p g 18. so that's last week for my, for now. so, you know, in addition to the united states, funding class offers other countries like the u. k, norway, a turkey of funding clearance offers in laos de la p are also investors own money and resources to do this work as well. yeah. let's, let's hope that all the shiny, new shopping malls, people don't forget that this is still happening. like you said, every day people are still dying of this and allows. so last question here. you've spoken to the survivors. many of them from the secret war survivors of the cluster, munitions, you x, those bomb, is there a lot of names for this stuff? right? what is your take away from their stories?

if you had to summarize them all, what is it that you want? the international viewers watching this to think about this overall conversation. yeah, um, you know, i think it's simple. i, this is a problem that has a solution. we know that in the words, you save more lives and make the land one, use all this to be moved and destroy these women's rights and more funding needs to be a power priority. meaning, you know, like, let's make sure that your words are happening all the world. germination happening . it's not just, you know, the latest report shows that you mar, there's also as new rejuvenation, syria, as new damnation, right? this is a little problem with at least 30 countries impacted by ease. debbie is governance cost immunization. so we know that there's a solution. we just need to really power eyes. the part of funding that is

consistently being allocated to support countries like while they're trying to move forward from this. and i hope that in addition to, you know, the funding support from the united states, other countries also do not forget about the warners and places like laws. claudia . yeah, i guess and you know, the list is going on and you know, it's really the media needs all to pay attention to the cheapest one. because while toward miles has already lived in over 50 years. people are still being named and injured today. you know, and i think that what changes now was it is the $1.00 will be invested in this. yeah, absolutely, that is the hope, a appreciate your time and the work that you and your group do. circle up the lot is the ceo of legacies of war and chair, person for the us campaign, the band land mines and cluster munitions coalition. you can follow her on twitter

if you still call it that, like me. and sarah laughed all out. thank you so much for your time, sarah, based. all right, that is going to do it for this episode. i've noticed operandi the show that digs deep into foreign policy and current affairs. i'm your host manila. chad. thank you so much for tuning in. we'll see you again next time to figure out the m. o. the . the

of the revolution of 1789 in france, gave hope for the liberation of the oppressed peoples in the french overseas territories. but paris did not want to part with its sources of profit. so 1st sign of the colonization was the uprising of black slaves and hating that remote island, produced almost half of all the sugar on the planet sooner was made by

d as in franchise slaves. broad from africa scene 1791. they started an uprising against their oppressors. the black swept away the colonial administration and formed their own army. it was led by that charismatic leader, francois dominique. tucson leveled to a range of dams to regain control of the colony were unsuccessful. having jumped up, our napoleon dispatched a large expeditionary force to haiti. the french manage the caps or to solve it. you are by defeats, but they could not suppress the rebels and suffered devastating defeats. on january 1, 18 o 418 declared independence, the 1st one and the whole latin america. however, freedom was paid for with the blood of 200000 courageous haitians who had sacrificed their lives for the abolition of slavery on our planet. the events in

haiti were the only successful uprising of slaves in history when they not only through of slavery, but also began to rule their state the to do more leisure or for keys to then city on the right near. we usually buy more into the account and the senior levels actually exist very for me for, for your me a solution in liberty. next 3 of the, to the new system. the current about which is 2 types theater under the impression the g 's used in quite some of your subscription to the

most part of which lexus messages here on some she did the 1st of all, but those are the ones you have in your struggle. the product was sticking with the brother party to ship the bridge a lot. if you do here for the same, at some point this how much adds to it? yes, i did it the usually the i'm not sure the, the truth and the solution, the but i'm with it's just the name, but i'm with the system. i mean, motions far enough too much better to for us. you both create doing that, you know, i'm so you and what does it can give you? welcome that logical. the new shows eat and stuff on ocean federalists and then we certainly see the. busy the

the pope, the to become a mixup treatment. the area is how's going says struggles to cope with the chance for you all to take that thought that needs 700 palestinians of a port disney killed in a single day of detroit on boss. this one was a photo because we felt strongly on the concept. we're also doing so now in the southern part, it will be away from the strength of that off to routine thing, not to northern dogs or to ruin. israel says it will now focus at the tension on the south. that is despite having previously told part of simmons to heads that to that we had the very least.