the, the, the, the circus is an amazing world full of laughter, fun and excitement. and it's a whole lot more generations of circus artists to keep the art of life moving forward and preserving traditions. at the same time. this is one of the oldest circuses in russia, the moscow circus on february boulevard. some of the greatest acts in the business . and some of the most impressive taking action happens right here, the to learn more about the philosophy of the circus and the rules that they live by.

we're going to speak to maxime, the coolant. these are the director of the machine. and thanks for taking the time to meet with us today. it's been impressive of seeing what you do here at the circus. so i have to ask, is the circus more entertainment, or is it an art form in of itself the printer? so it just goes to, i see it as an art form for sure. so the same holds true for everyone who works or is involved in the circus or last. it's a mystery to me why people consider the circus a form of entertainment and the so i don't think that's fair. what historically? that's been the attitude towards this age. this was, it was, there's no doubt in my mind however, that it's an art form equal to one which can easily compare with the performances at the bolshoi muranski theaters, furthest scholar opera house in milan for the beijing circuits in springs. a consider this was how long this film existed as an art form to have spoken. and what about the circus school? can i think that answers your question?

what does this, as you just mentioned, film a 2nd ago, which is a type of technology um, which makes me ask, has technology changed how the circus operates and if so, how so? oh yeah, according was, as with any card form, there has to be a balance. what we use, we want new technologies, new tools, and new techniques to enhance with circuits, experience and we have to let not replacing this. are you sometimes behind all the sets and props are scenes and equipment, soft lights and sounds so you can lose sight of the surface itself and all of the performers and their arch it and see if the performers are at the heart and soul of any circus let me slip so that's why i'm not a big fan of say the circus. so they like to me. it feels like they're impersonating a real circus. me, unless you could argue that it's a circus, like show short, it's not the real deal, but i mean, it's not in the classical sense. it was in use of the to me, which the surface it's one of the oldest in russia,

and it's also now named after using the cooling your father, which makes you part of the dynasty. talk to me more about what that means and why are there so many circus dynasties in the business? it's very so it's not depends that argument, if you compare modern circuits with the 19 sixty's movie, used to be a whole lot different facts that are people, the people who are born into the circus or as we like to say born and saw, does this work do they hardly ever had a chance to make anything else of their lives was as to whether you would see a boy or a girl learned to walk on their hands before actually walking. you know, for a friend, you know, immediately what their life was going to look like. but some families would move from place to place, always on the road just to go to a meeting. there was no proper school education or warner. so these young men and women would stay in the circus like even that was their whole life. let me use this, no trouble. nowadays, there are a lot more opportunities for, and my young performers are already gearing themselves up for their future life outside the circuit. so they prepare themselves to the reality that the

professional life of an acrobat, a gymnast, or an airy list, which is rather short, each of them the work for 35 years or so. and then you retire out. so not only that, but you often retire with the disability released the theater to our meniscus only for ruptured. achilles tendon isn't always worried, damage is fine with the shift. that's the price you pay with matthew on swanner slaves. you want to do this. i still don't get why people choose that sort of like the, i'm not a performer myself and so so, so it's all very confusing to me. personally, i can understand what drives the person to it matters, the pay, one of the things you need to rest their life several times a day every day because the they climb, they fall, they break their bodies and he doesn't play other things. and doctors put them back together, but just as soon as they've recovered, when they go back, but that's how circus performers are. so. so one thing about the circus um, which is often associated with force or before me, i don't wanna say

a negative connotation, but there is an idea about the surface. is there any truth behind that or is there more to it? i may have to may have tons of this notion bothers me, a lot due to isn't calling someone a clown used to be an insult system. okay. so when my mother told her parents, she didn't have it for a former and wanted to introduce him to the family. they said to her forehead, which theater does he perform? work was? she said he was a circus clown just but despite her mother was so shocked she fainted. cool. it turned out after the last time she, cedar clown was before the revolution at a circus showing serrato and the clown was drunk with red hair as well, and kept taller. and yes, it was time to change. you boys with everything changes in life, varies with, with some of these outdated perceptions and obsolete attitudes. unfortunately, persistence, though it's just like, it's still part of the language to stop clowning around, it cetera. so there's a nice area, it really is a problem for us as showing that because when you start explaining this to people

who, because of their busy lives, haven't been to the surface in a long time. they go for started, we had no idea what the surfaces actually like today, or they thought it was the same as when they were kids different. but it really has changed to all things change for a living in a different world now was this is the surface of the other planet for you. and what i mean by that is i've heard you say that children have to grow up fast here. people take care of each other, talk to me a little bit more about that culture for you. a lot of those images literally showed me there was an amazing friend surface promoter with a friend of mine pharaoh be done so that we can proceed with any, said fleming. if i wanted to make people understand if we live on 2 planets as well as the which one is the normal planet for people. yeah, i don't, and the other is their own little circus search the to respond the big planet. there's all kinds of crazy stuff happening all the time. the wars went, murders, cheating, floods, well, earthquakes, and armies. people die there. you know, the,

the head on the small surface planet use. there's none of that from those has not to romanticize the circuit. cc, that's just how it is given to the circus. you can have conflicts based on the city, your nationality. there's only one nationality here. so some of the performers when looked up. so all that matters is what you're worth, as a performer, which you won't be judged by the color of your skin or your religion. the only god . here's the readers. your most of the reading is the god you pray to you by your let's do the new really you have left the circus. you will hardly ever see a drug addict or an alcohol or towards that lifestyle is simply incompatible with the profession within your cause. you won't be able to work if you and that's it. just one of those relationships between people are different here. when you grow up in the circus environment, the circus becomes part of your life, and you have to follow certain unwritten rules. so those rules that have emerge spontaneously, naturally,

and one of those stuff which to me and then there's honesty. there's no lips thinking, no special effects. i know 3 d graphics only systems you can't say tightrope, walking or doing somersaults in the air. if everything is real world, everything's in plain sight to what's reality of it all is palpable. suggesting certainly you can feel the performer giving is all in front of you. it's to doing it for you. it's giving up everything go to the way we lacked that sense of honesty in everyday life, which is very little love is lo, she is just like with love loyalty and other things that are always in short supply easily perfect. thank you for the taking the time. it's been incredible pleasure talking to you an interesting conversation that you opened up from the start as well. but donald is a one of a kind area list. he created his own flying trapeze act when he was just 18. coming from a family of circus artists. he grew up in the arena. now he has

a team called the flying heroes. we decided to ask him, what drives them the thank you very much for taking the time to show us what you do. it's incredibly interesting. every single show, every single practice. you're putting your life on the line. it's dangerous. um, what's in it for you as the artist? by choosing last night and what do we do is more like a life style is something we do all the time. let's say it's not a hobby, so it's, it's both a job and a lifestyle. and i'm with the, i've been doing this since my early childhood, which i was born into a circus family. the my dad was involved when i was still a child and i knew what i wanted to do when i grew up of the most that so it was more than worth it was. it was a way of life and, and not show. so there's a sense of danger and what you do, we know that you put your life on the line. what is, what's in it for the audience? what does the audience get? is it a sense of adrenalin that keeps him coming to watch a show?

and the was me typically people come to the surface to see danger and tricks. our job is to give them emotions as a transition, feel satisfied, and emotional level magento and comes into it. well, there's what our main goal is to blend athletic routines and wrapped them into this static some of the performance is going to pull this, make sure it's not just an adrenalin buzz, but also a way to discover something in this genre that matters. and if it's a couple of seconds now, no one else can do it. you do a triple wide trap is act on how do you face the fear in doing this though? i mean, everyone is afraid. yeah. so that's no fear is impossible. so we managed by focusing on our work, what's the date? there's a tricky must perform dukes and a little bit of adrenalin helps keep fear down. mean somebody is during rehearsal. so if there's more time to think about these things and maybe fear begins to bubble on, if you do something so many times you get used to it as to the soap, the fear society associate still there because accidents can happen. where so

fiscal, it's impossible for each performance to be identical is medium terms of how we link hands. sometimes you do with too much force lawyer not allows you to invest, but or you can break something if you're positioning us wrong or left us obviously you feel some anxiety every day before work because they do it every day. bring something new. no, it's not like you just keep doing the same thing over and over again. enough every day before we go on stage. so what we focus and prepare ourselves mentally for something new and you never know how it's going to end this time. so when we go to work, we don't know if we'll be able to link our hands name up. i guess the catch will go right. even if i this is our everyday who's id or stress with me and you get used to it. someone will say the stress and pleasure at the same time, stress pleasure with the results. what's good, that's how us to pull shirts. you mentioned this just briefly right now about so you have to really work together to make sure that you get rid of that fear element. but there's a lot of trust that is needed in what you do. how long do you,

how, how do you build that trust with the people you're working with? the bill or what's your trust is really key. such a person in the air has to have absolute confidence in the culture where it is or can you trust them with your life, just hopeless of your safety depends on the person who catches your head. the more reason if they catch you and they let go, but you can break some things. the catcher must be a professional by what you will if you see that they're professional and just you trust them more. it's a kind of, you've worked with them for a long time, still you trust not only with the with, but it takes time after a new person joins our team, which you get used to them. we'll say we get used to how they grip your hands before they catch you. so it's a process the longer you've worked together, the better those mistakes happen. it doesn't matter how careful you are. it doesn't matter how much practice you've done. what goes to your mind when you've missed a catch or you? you start to fall. so that how, how do you deal with that as an artist to you some good in virginia. 3rd, different kinds of falls summer extreme work. but you know, when you're spinning but not knowing which way you're going to my name,

but in this case, all you're thinking about is landing safely in that. so mostly, ideally, you want to land in your values, but it is very dangerous to land on your head with less people. so, so you're thinking about how to avoid landing on your necklace, 4 feet. i really wish you don't know where you are and then you're focused on turning in time for a safe landing. in other words, it's not really thinking it's more of an instinct with a link or it can be a simpler case equipment. say, if you weren't caught during the show, then you drop it into the net. in this case, you're a little frustrated because you're spectators would like to see an immaculate performance conceptual so it does happen that you fall during a shell. the 6 always a little frustrating like a space. i mean i know that in theater there a lot of superstitions. are there any superstitions in the circus about good luck or bad luck? things that you have to do to have a good show and do you believe any of them or follow any of them? a little bit of that goal of i can't say our team has any specific superstitions, either more general circus superstitions looking for instance, you to,

you can't sit with your back to the arena then what, what that's common for everyone is they say it's a bad luck if someone crosses your path, when you're going on stage, if i deal with these things are mostly remnants of earlier errors. so that's to keep them in the modern worlds. no, we don't think about these things so much. but we do observe those older rituals get like you don't whistle in the circus, doesn't mean that don't sit with your back to the arena, etc. music. but it's not because we think too deeply about these things with them. it's just like a unwritten rules stuck. but i love wish looks good. do you love what you do? i mean, what isn't it? what is it about the circus? what is it about flying severe? the drives you to come and do this every day? no, no, because of the deal with 1st and foremost, this is my job and it gets to the, for the people who've been part of the circus for a long time. and so this is more than just work a keyboard. it's a way of life. and as i said before, and we have an unusually long break when we're eager to give back to training, if you've been away for too long, do you feel the physical urge to go back to your routine? said if you want to do this all the time that's of worth it, even after an injury,

do people want to recover and get back? even though they realize the danger is equal to. so this is more than just work. and if it's up the stairs love for what you do, so they say the circus pulls you in and doesn't let you go. it's hard to leave. there's a lot of stress, it's not always pleasant when we do some sort of still the people keep coming back with you to is going to perform. it says, of course, are rewarding and people are clapping and they see their reactions and they have the slips to up and makes all the work you've put in, worthwhile, the stick a thread. and i thought, i think it's very interesting what you do flying through the air. thank you for sharing this time. for me. appreciate the animal artist are part of the circus here in moscow, called a tutor and carina bundle saw my brother and sister who carried on the tradition their father passed on to them and became tiger trainers. first of all,

thank you for bringing us here to be rena. this is pretty intense. so have you become an animal trainer? it's not something you go to school for learning. is this something passed down from generation to generation? no, no, right? or no schools for animal train is anywhere in the world. the most mold, usually it's something that's passed down from father to son, to support after a fitness these, you nice to me, the current, many circumstances, these were a certain craft is passed down through generations or continuous look, i didn't. yeah. and i was less little about 6 years old, but let me get them yet to trace me money. i traveled with my dad. those cooperate was already a tiger trainer at the time. going to be, i decided i wanted to become an animal train of you put to work with big hats. so slowly i began to learn the ropes. well. so for the animals they don't come from the wilds. do they come to you at a very young age? um, how do you train the circus animal? are they also part of the circus legacy showing up the showing you are absolutely

right off mile inquiry. you'll see a baby tiny gave me so mamma. she's only 3 months old. those are both her mother and father are here to see stuff to visit dennis, do you like us to get this ticket up there in a while? tigers. happy lift off me up. i can now i have to ask, there's a lot of controversy surrounding animals in the circus. what kind of a job is this for a tiger? what do they feel when they come out? they are, they to go against their instincts, your firm started and you put the last thing is they've done suppressed their instincts that wisdom get that off. you know, just for example, that to you to is always rolling. nobody else their instincts, as mentioned to my nissan north wild animals, their 3rd or 4th generation circus animals, or what my father used to be pretty. we should have a hassle like the one we had right now. he made it to work out for them. so we really like going to the gym level, what makes the fitness group, they run the jump here, good through exercises and so on a little past noon. yeah. well we didn't put

a during the show thing. play that part. gotcha. like into santa, what's the total not? he's match of all i want is the tough guy. yep. and i'm on this lady. there was a sleepy head. it's obvious that they say if we tiger as a unique power to play or full and selling each one has their own skills that they show of the bonus. if it shows the book of i'd store and you moment. yeah, it's me. did you feel attachment to these animals? did they feel attachment to you? do they recognize you as a trainer or the head of the pack, or something along those lines? if the boys should got demo like cats like a cat, they don't feel the kind of attachment dogs did. uncle, somebody can to get the haitian, except predators for the bathroom. so either not attached to a human. so tool, you probably will not going to rush to protect anyone, like in the cartoon when jasmine had a, have you try go, we're going to protect it. sure, i think that, but you know, this is a predator. hold on. we don't need to be kept in a sudden distance cross though. if i put those, give me that i'm on what you can just look up to it and put it in even though we've

said well with them. um, an animal is a predator. um, do you ever feel afraid? is there fear at all in your work? no. okay, yes. and i'm the sure you guys find that have been showing the huge diaper the 5 liter capacity. what about the, what the i put that on and head to work schedule was that i sure am said yes of course. and you smart them up even though this is animals they still have coolest you. they have long shell tc. they're massive, but i never know how your show is going to in which that the show. if you recall the story of siegfried and roy, they were working in las vegas with those nice white, i guess the thing that i've seen to come animals busy man, something happened between these are what it's like a busy me in the neck. you'll know the same here, so it doesn't really have to be a lot of people stay on the floor by standing here. karina's inside the reno. you sound like your destination if she leaves, they'll be, may have been like, oh, i can never turn your back on or tie, go, we should have never shown on. well,

if you slip, but if i turn my back on him now, did you see that? did you see how he looked at me? yeah, it didn't think there's didn't even a baby tiger that his mom and dad never lived in the world knows from the earliest age of national merit, it should jump to you from behind to get you in your neck. interesting because it doesn't matter how safe you are. accidents happen. um. first of all, how do you deal with that? and has anything ever happened to you? the slowing in the soul, and i mean you're unable to go. there was a kelly's. he attacked me during the show and it all could suggest. no, no, it was. seems that huh. he was lying down there with that, but it says it just happened during the show. so we'll switch you is that guy so that you'll never fully protected and ethics to my it's a dangerous job. we never know how the next performance is marital good, how it will end when they come out here right now, there's no one out here in the audience, but for a show,

this place is packed with kids and all sorts of distractions. how does an animal fight its natural instincts to go against these distractions? total summer, a human child is no different to a ton of good cub lincoln chalet, excuse me. know these tigers from a very young age. and so from that to the age, they get used to the life of style noises and you know, the special effects, the applause and so on who came to see it? at some point during rehearsal, of course they, we invite kids to sit in the front rows and clearly we see that our animals can get used to that as well. so now as you can see, the sleeping color when an animal sleeping mask like this one here, okay, do it. that means it's completely reassuring about what's going on in the

printer. thank you for taking the time to speak with us. this is fantastic. and so i have to ask, how are you perceived by the animals when you come out as a trained, are you the boss, are you the, how does it pack, how does they look at you got even the idea, a post, as you've noticed, leave receive us differently this and you, they see me as a calmer and soft or kind of person. yeah. when i'm in the arena with them, they're relax. you have a lot of twin arthur approaches. is that because they turn more aggressive and more actively, man, so we have different roles that create isley apps for orleans. so when an animal obeys at your command, it's not about the strength because clearly the tiger is stronger then you are. is it about psychology? is it about trust? how do you get them to do what they do? what you want? and they told there's a long and for through the process of getting used to each other allows you to be building a relationship. what are some building costs over to?

and of course, there's love that knows no bounds. just the thing, you know, if you don't love this job, if you don't love the animals or feel never succeed, which will not good. what we do is the 1st one of us these cops play. i mean, we observe them playing, assist and see what qualities they have. we need some are better jumpers. if you guys, i'm can do a beautiful turn. good. others fully just look splendid ones sitting or lying down . i see was 1st and this continues until we are 2 years old in 2 years to think about it. okay, that's how long it takes for a tiger. to turn into an artist your what assess the reading. a dog would be much quicker, so on. but it's different with the type varies to sit out and do this when they reach in hubert e at around 3 years of age. and they may refuse to do what they have been doing before. what the last thing is we have a tigris, unless it's a very well is it, look, she's lying over there on all the other tigers are in the arena clear, but she won't go let's step through because she could perform anything until she was 3 blends and then all of a sudden she went to prima done on us and me and said, i'm done. she won't, i don't want to,

that's it. i can warn you that you can do anything about her. you can't force her to work. it's only when she feels like it isn't what level used to be. it is great if an animal likes a good meal that such animals are a breeze to train that some animals don't care about food that much i need. so i use different text or something with i have this wrong brush and i use that liquid, we can go over to the kitty kitty kitty to us good to edit hops along the following the brush. if we're gonna make this routine sick like awesome. so we traded the animal when it's young diagram, of course this is in their headphones and, and their muscle memory. and that's what makes them professional artist news. then there's a percentage and that's just kind of weird question. but do you speak tiger, how do you communicate? with them, uh, do you have your own language with them or was that you know, there's, this is a special kind of snort arthur showed you and you what that when they're snorting like this, which means they're happy to see that. so they are really fond of yours, polezza. sometimes you see them flattening their ears. they've come jerking their

tails. i'm but raising their hackles much, and i, that's a sure sign to leave them alone or sing if they're angry right now. and don't want to do what you want them to do it, can you and surely, you know, after all these years so fresh and we've been doing this for 35 years now. is better? yeah, that's most of our lives. no, get a boy when you have been around animals for so long, you understand them. so if you feel them to dump us some magical, subconscious level, feel that you know what they want. torched me. these animals are majestic, they're grand, very dignified. they even have taken just 5 names. can you tell me about the animals just for the i mean i'm with you're right. we always choose beautiful names . i mean it's, and we have tigers called a more cock overall. and by co named us, there is the great depression, rivers, the and the great lake was it on them? as of now, should i see if there might empower are reflected in these names. yes. and i think we have hector, you know, the great where you're not used to have accurately. sonya said that,

but we also have boots. i have no idea why he is called that way. and this is the only silly name we have card. we have a car so i can put together the tigris auction car so you wouldn't call them fluffy or a total. would you make any inside of your car? do you love what you do? that which for yes, very much so. yeah, i love it very much if the 1000 and let me tell you that name is sandra. i'm with i'm and there was the tigers. i feel more at ease than with people. that's true for subjects even when i'm not feeling well. we're in a bad mood. i walk into their enclosure and i'm in good spirits again. you know me, i feel restored. i'm fine again. they're moving source of positive energy unlike people. can you tigers don't have and be or hatred yet. they don't feel hillcrest, literally don't have the negative qualities. we have got that as a result. and the other energy is pure. so it's, i mean you, when you're close to the store, this energy loss and you feel great said there's one that gives you the current. i

thank you very much for taking the time to speak with us in the,

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barbaric actions of the colonial administration let the monstrous consequences can a year up to 3800000 people die from starvation and disease caused by mountain addressing. though great britain itself had enough resources to overcome that disaster. at the same time, 170000 tons of australian wheat made its way back. starving. india did a british aisles. i hate indians. they are a beastly people with a beastly religion. the payment was their own fault for breeding like rabbits, british prime minister, winston churchill commented on the reports of the tragedy. the famine of 1943 became the climax in the british policy of genocide against the indian population. according to historians, from 12 to 29000000 people overall died from starvation alone during the reign of the british in india.

the criminal aggression against our yeah, many people will not go unanswered and i'm punished. poor the rebels file. they will strike back after the new s n u k found to targets across the m and overnight the attack sparks outrage both within the republic and beyond this borders the sound, the k. all using disproportionate force against the i'm on the currency. it's hard to tell the rest seem to the blog ball say hey, is represent, it's defense to south africa as accusations that a genocide is being committed in downtown. the and truly an

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