sorry, of the russian military operation in the ukraine and erode recently the tone of western discussions on the possible outcomes or the possible progress of this conflict has started to change in what way. and what do you think is behind a change? i think it's clear that the be now see much more from acknowledgement of the fact that russia is making progress. but if you want to put advice strongly, i think some people are even beginning to be honest enough. for instance, they're starting to focus on visiting it that it to say. and so if you claim this, those things are more. yes, i agree with the 3 are hearing some voices of caution, but i think for the most part, the american uh and the who crane in leadership for sure. a still a speaking in favor of continuing this conflict until and ukraine regains its former territories or as they like to put it on to put in is defeated. do you think

either side believes that they can achieve that goal in objective terms? i mean, then logistical terms, do they have enough resources to get there regarding the ukrainian leadership? i wouldn't be able to to, i have to guess that the president savanski himself is basically diversion. and that he has become drunk on his own rhetoric as well as the slats of use that to use to receive from the rest. i think this has made it arranged, committed to bed and disturb transportation. i'm trip to reality is true about everyone. around town. i can't imagine that so the appropriate people in ukraine will also have a better grasp of free entities and he does, but they can't speak up yet right now concerning the best. my guess is that they have quite a few people in washington and in the us way. i understand that they have to get out of this for this out of us can defeat now. do they understand already how much?

because it has to concede them. i contents funds thing that i think is behind this ongoing talk about be the still continue supporting and so on and so on. about 20 flow or even $25.00 being madison. i do think it's potty in negotiating tactic to essentially and not shows of us inside weakness and montana sort of flip level against the dresser. basically saying, we are ready to be due for the if the house to do, if we lose more as well as your bus even comes up with some of these paper, i'm sure, but now is a bargaining chip. you know, when i read the western and russian analysis of, of this conflict there, sometimes you get a sounds, the russian, ukraine and your brain supported by the west. they are not only fighting, totally different for is that they are sort of leave in very different centuries. that they use very different frames of reality for analyzing what's happening on

the battlefield. and what's necessary to keep this war going because you mentioned bleeding an adversary. this is something that just doesn't happen just in words. i mean, here you need the resources unit to strategy. in order to do that, i wonder if your share this perception and if so, why do you seeing what do you think explains this huge difference in assessment because after all, military science is, is a science and the, some of the generals who are making the decisions they're still, they shouldn't be basing it on some objective facts and measures in terms of the american leadership and especially was quote, the washing blog. so people said public and government parties think stands project, other offices, and hopefully get it together somehow to find american foreign policy. i don't think they live in another. essentially i, i think they live in the decatur is actually both. they live from the 1990s. they have come to be explicit about the fact at least the smartest of that,

that the moment of so called unilateralism has passed. but if you look at the way they actually behave, they don't display any change of behavior and that's, that makes them so arrest. no right now, the logic point is, i think that, remember that the bins, a large scale was started. a lot of less than projections into you came out with instance uncle america backs and said things like that. the russian president thought he might put into the lives in a different, centrally, he lives in the past. i think that's a fundamental misunderstanding and i wouldn't make this person, i think that professional leadership extra lives very much as a present as to as the chinese leadership. absolutely divani and, and many other powers of the positions was actually the best for collective with the americans. for their own reasons and us, where are we essentially refusing to drones have tried to for century, they do not want to make a transition to award and reach the power to be of the deals and in which they

really have to live with a much greater number of subs, significant accidents, but they cannot control what or control think what in part of explains this difference in perspectives, is the realist versus ideal as the framework. because both china and russia practice reality to take the 3 out, you know, being rude to the actually in reality. know then what you want to have, but rather what you can practically achievement. i have a question about that because the rush is military and diplomatic strategy over the centuries has been favoring a circle, positional approach that is playing as number 2 or with the black segers in. and she has and the hallmark of the strategy is that it doesn't produce spectacular results. but it's very mindful about accumulation and spending of their resources, both the manpower and the weaponry and essentially, you know, makes a bad on exhausting the adverse me before that adversary exhaust fuel. do you think

that's what's going on on the battlefield at this very moment, the long battle that the russia is digging? if hills have hoping to exhaust not only its adversary across the border, but perhaps it's adversary across the ocean as well. i think it's clear that the person who's managing has managed to exhaust ukraine. now that isn't such a big surprise to feel honest because most of it is demographically, a must be the country and nobody and much has stopped at this is from the army. also, the used surprising, the little effort to initiate that. but the other thing i think to have survived that's also happening and this is going back to how's the best response it is that russia is now also exhausting the west and you'll see it the ends of ways a western production. for example, the simply cannot catch up, although they have declared that a several times and they're still declaring that this seems to be a fundamental problem. i think what's underneath on us. it says that the best

doesn't have states that have strong enough. and also it has such a financial lies virtual allies, the economy that when it came to the crumbs to actually get stretched or we just go in and makes things big experience astonishing difficulties this because it's promising difficulties. let me add one thing. i think that would be a bad mistake to. i'm the as to it, the west eyes, because that's coupon cigna view. the rest is finding a proxy of all here. it's a catastrophe. it shall never have happened. it's syndicate, it's hard, but, but it is for the best of ones are probably for less so for the europeans, but the americans have decided please. so let's not conclude that if the westberg abroad and a large move a conflict, very good. so it's quote would be spent is virtually act in the same way that i think would be going to probably don't know that well and hopefully there's a whole not have to learn about it. but the speaking about

a traditional westchester strategy, as far as i understand it, or at least as far as it's understood here in russia by military historians is that the west traditionally favors an offensive rather than defensive approach favor and smashing blows. blitzkrieg spectacular victories, but it's also quite costly in that it requires a lot of resources. it requires you to be in charge of the initiative cost monthly . and if it's quite exhaustive for sure. um and uh, i wonder if uh, i wanted to how do you understand the strategy that both the west and ukraine now trying to execute on the battlefield 2 years into this conflict? because clearly the blitzkrieg, the effort to stifle russell by sections didn't work. what is the strategy that they're pursuing at this moment? but it seems to be a seeing that often has finally to been fully acknowledged that the condo offensive of the summer has not worked for legal craniums. that was sort of an absorbed

blitzkrieg scenario blitz creek with all the necessary resources. right. and it said to take something off. does that has been acknowledged and hoping he is at the info some sort of long, whole, some defensive operations digging themselves and much more. and in fact copy and so most of us and tactics, right? so i think the problem say is that their faults are exhausted for this to work. this might have been a violent strategy for your client if they have taken it from the beginning. but they have wasted so much, even with them that was successful in terms of getting territory. but last year and hockey for how goes around target from august. even them, they've raised that so much man power and weapons and ammunition and so on, that they let them substrate. so this, this shift now that be here about 2 defensive strategy. i think it's too late. i think it's testing today. now, speaking about the exhaustion that you mentioned,

western strategist historically, as may have been quite instrumental with that allies when an asset, a geopolitical asset, turns into her ability. the americans usually have little qualms about the withdrawing or abandoning it altogether. i think it's happened in clear sight and i've gotten a son in the arrived before to some extent in a syria. is it likely to happen in ukraine? i think that it's likely to happen if the next president it might happen earlier. if, if that is a sucking bus in advance, for instance, um, but if the next president is donald trump, if it doesn't have to happen that doesn't quite quickly. and if the next president is again joe biden, for some reason i can't really imagine that, i think he doesn't stand a chance now. and then i think about also how i think steven board is right about it. he's just publish the piece and phone policy. what he says, the other won't be much of a difference. the reason by button isn't doing up now is because he still has the

electrons i have, but yes, they've been dropped. you're fine. this raises another pretty dangerous, but those are because i think there is an additional security advantage to both russia in europe to kim, this war going at a low to medium intensity because it keeps all the weapons that have been sent to your crime from all over the west in or around the battle felt like they are sort of concentrated and they're being used for the war effort. but once the constrain is not there, there is a huge risk of illicit weapons trade. and i'm pretty sure that the russians uh, with the put in vigilant uh, security apparatus, uh, cognizant about that thread. but do you think your opinion leaders are equally aware of the of the blue rang the fact that that's all this weaponized ation of your brain may bring to their door steps. i don't know, i do so. and it's not on the weapons. all right, let's start with that,

but the rest has done in your brain and it has, as we say, normalize a file, right? is very aggressive, far, right? there's a stream there, militant, they're both very reluctant before the last it works. and once you're trained to be treated in some ways, essentially, like i've gone to stonewall as follows with my uncle is treated in that state right . the ends of him being, i just want to go back and do a finance, maybe angry, not only about the on the, the civically angry this the so called our eyes who have a view step. and i think this is what the rest has done to them. they will also still be angry before us, or for very long time. i think they shouldn't have any of those. and so frustrated as i've told the enemy eligible. but if it'd be right in groups of us, that's fine. well, professor, i'm are, we have to take a very short break right now, but we will be back in just a few moments station. the,

i look forward to talking to you all that technology should work for people. a robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except we're such orders at conflict with the 1st law show your mind, anticipation. we should be very careful about our personal intelligence. the point obviously, is to create a trust rather than fit the various job. i mean, with the artificial intelligence we have so many with him in the a robot must protect his phone, existence was on the

welcome back to when supports with to be serial amar associate professor at the question. diverse action is symbol. now, professor armoire, the most painful thing about this more for me at least, and i have and ukrainian heritage is that is that really didn't have to happen, at least not for the direct participants. because i, i strongly believe that russia and ukraine could have settled their insecurities and their interest in and negotiate a peaceful manner. they were all the objective preconditions for that. there were even talks in, in turkey, in the beginning of this conflict, rent, everything was possible. and yet, uh, the war efforts continued because at least i believe that to be the case because of

the interest of the west and sponsors of this, of this conflict. and this is what i want to ask you about. do you agree with that? and if so, what do you think is the primary objective of the west in this war hasn't been satisfied, so was fine. so i have a degree, i think the roots of the who are really a good back to 2008 the infamous bucharest summit. when goes georgia and ukraine, but foot by the best interest and same position of the same one that you're going to be in nato. but not now, which of course expose them and made sense to that's for russia and phones, then it's sort of spawn itself out. and by the time you go to the 201314 prizes, all of this became very if you would for ukraine them many long was smaller agreement, buckman stores of actual text. most definitely a basis for, for getting out of this piece for the it was not only abandoned of a cyber cost estimate,

but i don't know. and also i don't think anybody treatments to bay, but i have long come to the conclusion that the best estimate treated as the worst . and so you're cringing dealership, right? so then the negotiations and, and the doors and turkey at the now know that there was a very serious chance of ending the ones that and that would have saved or spans. you'll find most of it and it could easily has been done now by that device do all of this. i think for 2 reasons. first of all, it would simply not give up on that idea of expanding nato, which in itself is an insane idea and ukrainian neutrality was much better for the countries than engaging that's as far as promise. and the 2nd thing i think was a, was a long term jew political strategy of gutter brush. all down of taking about russia has recovered from the 90 ninety's. people in boston did not want to accept that sort of situation for verse douglas anomalous. usually russia isn't that week,

so the fact that it came back have to be faxed to them. and instead of integrating this reassertion of process of which they were born repeated, right, those of us need are separate sets. they counted it with a blonde policy of trying to take lots of down bottom using 2 knots to make it a much less significant power, honest as a straight to estimate was a stronger and in fact, i think it fits well into the american strategy that you have been describing in one of your articles, you said that the america, the american literature historically has had this unique ability to disturb piece, due to, uh, it's an extraordinary concentration of economic and military capabilities. but my question to you is whether, if can actually 5 ward reward if push comes to shove, the united states has to face russia or china directly north via proxies. but

directly, do you think it would be able to stand as ground with its current level of military capacity with its current level of uh, strategic capacity and with all the other capabilities that it has, its its disposal. if i had to speak to that, i would say uh if i bought it into my computer, so i was waiting on tests that because look the, the last was that americans have actually experienced in their own country, most of the american civil rights. everything has, they don't follow the rules, it's been an offshore balance, so they go to other places and break to them. that's what they do. and usually they do it person in the most minute try and super over to over their appointments. so that it's, i'm sorry to use this term, but usually the exit, you're talking shops, right? and the only thing that gets in the way, i sometimes get rid of complaints and sometimes meeting him at 1st. so he is that is big enough to actually push them back, which is happening all the promotions. none of this, however, is as painful as

a large scale war against p. a competitors, the americans that have to clarify so near peter competitor and understand that in certain metrics they can be using that that's the case. but if you really look at what most i can do, but if it's means by mountains you're getting a demonstration of that, it's a pure competitive. and so i, i, i would not try that out if, if of us. but, but you don't know because my sense is that'd be, cannot rely on american best finality. i've seen through marketing leadership is now very low intellectual quality. and again, i don't mean just as an insult. i mean that as a description, they, um, i extremely, i do apologize to the vermont there. so that's an talk tonight to, to refuse to engage with the reality of support. i can be count on the understanding that such a big what essentially what, what would be self destructive for them even before nuclear weapons, even with all those being used. i don't think they can count on that to,

to migrate to be glad to have to say the professor i'm or this is it has very serious question because aaron, ganz coupled with uh ignorance. uh they do produce a very detrimental results. and you suggested that this declining american empire declining not only in terms of fits and military resources, but as you mentioned in terms of it's called native abilities. and i think we can see it on all levels including presidential, it represents. and your challenge for the international system due to both it's of central size and it's somewhat or quite irrational behavior. how do you think this challenge should be? are managed in order to, on the one hand, minimize this disruptive, deliberately disruptive and seating k of potential or capacity of the united states . but on the other hand, to hopefully encourage washington to act in a more dishes in life affirming or progress affirming way. ideally,

by stopped returns, i think the united states needs to be contained and detroit. this is ironic because the united states, of course, sees that serve as a country that contains and deterred its greatest adverse survey in peace. i'm a more or less piece of the soviet union until the ground. i seem to have long reached the stage of history, but other powerful states. those with nuclear weapons have to contain deters united states and living. it has to don't in the very blunt way precisely because the united states doesn't for act to soften statements anymore. i think it has to be done very, very crudely as a 1st time during the cold war. but this time is the biggest problem. most of what i'm really convinced of this is the united states. that doesn't mean every single, it'd be fine. once the united states becomes a smaller and less aggressive power by the opposite. but right now, for the next, i don't know decay tools. what else? our biggest problem as a state is still not that states. the single biggest problem is this. think the

greatest potential to do an immense from, to all of humanity. now taking advantage of you uh, being a historian, i do want to ask you how much will a sofa cool question about history? because to some extent, the current, the american poster is a stance against history or against the very nature of humanity. and they're sort of in a very good and like way they're trying to freeze the moment because supposedly it's so beautiful for them even though i mean if you talk to regular americans, i don't think they would actually agree with that the that the assessment. but that's, you know, itself is a pre k remarkable. i believe that somebody, a nation, even the most powerful nation can stop the flow of history. you mentioned the soviet union and it's a, you know, it's treated with degrees and the pores in the west. but even the soviet union was based on the idea of development and utopia. and it will just stop in development.

but um, you know, the developments and on the last, what do you think behind these drive to sort of put an ad to history and to freeze the historical development of the entire human race at a point that favors and suits the americans. the st. the people who lots of google woods, i think america is actually a very i go home to call if you want. it's not just the country, it's a sort of civilization on. and it's not aware of that, right? because for americans, they think i do all it is or the solve a school staff, or maybe the most career has knowledge is if a state as well and you want to find your logic and that'll be a book that's all laid down. indoctrination will be very open, so america is extremely audiological and it is steep in a set of values that do not function but any more and there's a conflict between these values and the rest or not the whole rest but, but the large part of, of those other inhabitants of the planet by the rest of front and america solution

to this is to impose itself and it's very, that's what's called privacy rights. that's why there was talk of american primacy . america is not yet ready. i. i see very, very little of an awareness of the fact that the united states can be prosperous and it can be sufficiently powerful under could take health on this new judgment interest in the voice chat with others who are truly different. they don't see the board like that, i, i'm sorry, to put and so forth. but american who needs see the board as a place that must be constantly of a shape not only to or politically. and that's a given, but even a logically. so that by changing the blue, they make it safe, was their way of life. and this mother, they no longer work because the power is declining. and if they fight against this change, then you're all in great danger. i think that's. but if you all walk us right now,

you mentioned the issue of values and some in russia. a tribute, this american drive to for his history to be loss of the se cro, whether in the form of religion or in the form of traditional or collective values that you know and, and these are increasing till towards a very individualistic or i would say narcissistic. world view, and there's this idea that there's nothing above man that the ma'am can be fully in control of everything else. and i want to ask you as a historian, not as a person of the face or believe what was the historian when you look up the historical process and always continue to do you ever get the sense of the inexplicable of something that is perhaps beyond human control of some patterns that you know, inspire or look i can figure but i'm speaking from the 1st from doing the story. i was very just as a roman catholic and but now i'm relapsed roman catholic,

but you never really stop being, but it's impossible. but i do have such a sense and i tell my students about it, and i can give you a very concrete example. more we learned about the cold war between say, 4789, and the last century. the more i try my students as the more intakes divine intervention for us to still be here, it was such a close one think it was not a very managed event. so at least $3.00 to $4.00 extremely dangerous devices. but it's basically america that didn't stop short and nuclear weapons of each other, right? you can talk to us now. um, i have some of you to easily explain. vibrant, didn't buy each other out, or at least stop human civilization. performative fuel in all native and freezing somebody goes left, but somehow this happy going to be that lucky the next time if you keep tempting faith or whatever it is, i don't think this can be done for i, but at some point,

as a spaces we really but have to look it up on like, well, i'm the, we have history for that, but history that i think the latest years has been true. the in the west, more as material or a product in the very consumers way rather than something that you know, needs also to be treated with the degree. all 5 really draw city and it sounds that you don't temper with it and you try to learn from it. but you don't try to bend that to your to and professor mart. this is all we have time for, but thank you very much for this. the inspiring conversation, at least towards the whole divine intervention of with north abandon this last time . thank you very much. thank and thank you for watching types of sharing guns on was a part the

or the specialist the mainland mazda awards. they probably partially vs deal. i hit

the pool, i started senior, should i did tell you what i wanted a bunch i well, i mean on the lowest plan is on the by the 3rd said normally by doing abbreviated to be the mustang case. studies say to me, if there's only one more machine to open ancient so it's easy, so it does make it for the residents in the police get pregnant. then we come missing a mo, heading with the types of active since she was the way we used to be good for another fellow. by the way, i was told by them amy, but i'll juliet's, i don't want to be as the

least 20 civilians are killed and 10 wounded to cube strikes of fe create. and then they've gotten a real popular, most of bronze at a tire attack and says the west is complicit on washington plans. and certainly looking for the escalation and dependency. despite that such a 6 as strikes brain down on the 5th target in yemen. also to con lemay, it's called a student that came on boardman salvation and told me to read the reality of life precautions could rapidly get to gloss if funding is not quickly reinstated the u. n's release agency that that's a warning from a rough and an exclusive interview to all take us or us in the alternative plan is to resume support. otherwise there will be.