aided along with 13 local residents, 2 others were out of were outside the house and all of them eventually died. according to the proof that touched upon this case as well. it was not the idea of fire that killed civilians. as the army only acted after hearing gunfire and leading them to believe and to make sure the residents inside were executed. well, some eye witnesses wouldn't agree with that conclusion, but again, it was the army investigating the army, its own actions, and many, no question. whether it was appropriate in the 1st place for the idea of to conduct such a pro. well, the reaction of the families and all the local residents in one word this such as factory local residents, including those who survived the virtual attack, say it didn't answer key questions. we note that kibitz barry did not need the results of the investigation to feel the failure of the idea every minute. the failure of the army has been burned into our bodies and in our hearts for 9 months, despite the fact that the investigation was thorough,

the members of the kibbutz did not receive a satisfactory answers to some critical questions. for example, why the many military forces who gathered at the gates did not enter the templates for many hours. when the keyboards was burning and its residents were crying for help. what cool is the intelligence failure that enabled the hum us invasion plan? and how was the board defense breached without an immediate response from the i d f . that the soldiers who came to the kibbutz understand that the most important goal was to protect civilians? the families main concern is but despite the army admitted lack of professionalism, no one was punished for the deadly for their stay till mistakes. the idea of acted responsibly regarding the guise of border communities and the leadership needs to draw the appropriate conclusions. people were slaughtered in their homes, the top command should draw conclusions, and those who failed should resign. literally minutes off to the official results of the pro, the work published earlier on says name is rand. the opposition was thinkers. we

acted saying that the investigation must begin with a prime minister and the minister of defense, and not the troops that were sent to the ground with a fatal delay. and that the governments could not continue to evade responsibility anymore. they ask for a state commission to investigate the funds. so what cobra? the army, no vows these pro is just the beginning of the long process of finding out the truth and all the questions will be asked and answered. but later. so we're looking for a busy one at the top of the hour rachel marston's going to join us. so doing joining shar most going to join us as will a handful of guests as well. so you can join us when we get to and about 25 the the,

the the, to thousands of years humans had been looking to the, started searching for answers here. and there's the, are the scientists continue that tradition?

getting information from galaxies far far away and hopes that humanity might survive in the future. you're not even really. yeah, that is head of a special as to physical observatory, home to many unique telescopes, which means we're in for an interesting tour. the good. yeah. hello. hello. so this is v b t a. so tell me what is it? how do we get an image from here? it's not like looking into a telescope at home and seeing the moon. what kind of an image can we get here? uh, big to school. this is the launch out is a most telescope is despite its size, the way we capture images. so let's deal objects, stars, galaxies, quezada, and so on. with this telescope is fundamentally the same us with how much the telescopes is pad. the unique feature of this instrument is out as the most mount to this quote. this telescope was on it in this regard. and so think of the was the

fuzz platform, with initial observation. this took place colloquially just because it the gloss because it looks like a gloss. observe is used to sit the one time as that was nowadays. of course, everything happens automatically. an observer is no longer needed. the observer used to sit that would adjust the code notes, tracks dogs, and so on. click through to his credits and now for this is really starting then if i understand correctly, you are the last person who is able to work up there. yeah. right. have to has the person who puts there. so this is my to input for 2020 is your. so this is like a time machine in many ways because the light that we're getting here now is from billions of years ago. what is the for this back that you've ever been able to capture an image here at this telescope? and, uh, let's see what just in general. as of today, we can say that yes,

i should know what you mean. it's indeed a time machine. you told me that allows us to look not only fall, but also back in time with an item. if at this telescope was repaired specifically for this purpose, for faith, this is what makes it unique. here we go. this is what makes all large telescopes, unique quantities. this telescope can look very, very far, which is an end to very, very long ago. what we mean by that. these events that happened in the universe more than 10000000000 years ago, and the couple they can also look at the distance lights has traveled more than 10000000000 years icon say exactly right now, what the maximum friendships. so we have obtained the galaxies or quizzes, but it's somewhere around 5. so that is, i don't know approximately 11 to 12000000000 years ago, and that means 12000000000 light years from here, accordingly. so that you go,

i see we have some movement here. can you tell me what's happening? like, what are we actually seeing here with this telescope? the telescope, it's going to the star and rotates on this axis for the operator gives the compound a, a specific point in this, in the still city. yeah. and it starts to close now it's supposedly aimed at the stop. so i'm not just asteroids. there are other things that can be dangerous to us here on earth as well, such as, let's say a pulse. our craze are close to us. um, do you worry about any of that just any that keep you up at night and you don't worry all sides and coins us very far away from us, plays us. in fact, she didn't really exist in the present time. well, maybe some of the closest ones do the quite so as we see among the most distant objects that existed tens of billions of years ago. they show us the i, the process of galactic disk formation. these are young and to galaxy

nuclei. the demit numerous amounts of energy, but don't worry about them. there's nothing to fear. neither passes, no coins, those, those any threats in general, all events related to the collision of large objects, such as us or the solar system. while not entirely impossible are extremely rare because we find at least the hours. so the system system, nothing will threaten us. we do in the hundreds of millions of billions of years. so i have to ask, you've been studying space your entire life. would you like to personally go up into space and be closer to the action and reducing, think that there might be a benefit for astronomers like yourself to be up there and closer and see things for themselves, record with us and they do dream of space, but i see many interesting things to do here as well. so moreover, some of the things in space of fundamentally impossible to achieve. however,

i believe that in the future when space travel becomes less costly, astronomy will move to space, perhaps to the moon. observing space from the moon would be very offensive. um there's some people who think that astronomy doesn't help us in our everyday lives, that it's just something that's going to happen in the future. what can you tell people about astronomy that uh we benefit from so for good question here, ocean. so i get asked this question very often by visitors to the observatory for to thank you, but why should we buy such a law and some of this from texas to satisfy curiosity of this? so in reality, is this. well, this question runs much deeper. typical portion part of that perspective is very superficial. besides the fact that astronomy and which is a cultural life for me,

it also provide significant technological contributions to domestic and global advancements. this is in feels and technologies unrelated to astronomy, in this sense of astronomy, even if it doesn't directly feed us the process plays a role in this process was capable, fundamental science is built on this principle. and the note is very wrong to think this the, what we do here is detached from life an unnecessary, but we need to consider everything as a whole. an old technological complex is in the most highly developed countries of the world into connected, unrelated to each other. so that is a direct practical benefit from astronomy. the

. so looking beyond our solar system, uh, we have actual plants and they exist. tell me about those and are you certain that we're gonna find life there? uh, yeah, boomers, i think so, but that is some things, but the white stuff in the future life is a stage and the evolution of the overall chemistry of the universe. it's chemical elements that are from the moment to the, to the aging of the universe. it becomes more and more complex. initially, it was just hydrogen, then other elements was synthesized and so on. then came wrong materials, organic substances, and finally,

life. we know that this process occurs uniformly throughout the universe. if life exist somewhere, it doesn't exist everywhere. jupiter is just a matter of finding is tacitly with the people. i believe that biological life will be discovered on other planets, not civilizations, but biological life. some forms of life for signs of its existence will be discovered within our live times. funding and civilization is much more complicated or as this was, the question of civilization remains open to the complexity lies not in finding. the civilization was much in understanding what the civilization is. if we're talking about a civilization like ours, it's hard to imagine what that might be. this was, at least, i find it hard to believe it will be very similar. it could be some other brush of

life, but we can only speculate. so the sun, as it expands 0 to will not survive this as it gets brighter. how long do we have before this happens? and uh, what can we expect to see in this process? if it is, don't worry, we still have some 5000000000 years to go without any problems. i'm gonna ask this because of the dark project, but um is in essence, astronomy. the only science is really going to help us survive in the future because we need to be ready for asteroids coming our way. know when they're coming or know how we can manipulate them outside of? no, absolutely right. astronomy and this sense has great meaningful our lives right now at this time. this has to do with asteroid astronomy as well. so i'm just, i mean,

people under estimate has just recently a couple of years ago. a massive asteroid blew up near to bins. didn't being 10 times bigger, it wouldn't be a tragedy. it was actually quite intense. no one was killed, but windows was shifted. people wounded and so on. and we hadn't noticed it within the last hour drama as a strong of those estimates very so we use but these days we only control limits just a few percent of out of space because the rest of it is on its own. different asteroid is far away. we have plenty of time to see it. smaller was they fly and the dog was and they are dangerous. they emerge out of nowhere near. and they are easy to over look. is there a bit of a paradox? i mean, if we can change the course of an asteroid, can we be creating more problems in the future? i gave you some, i don't know if there are going to be more problems, but possibly,

i think what we saw recently that changing of an asteroid is trajectory. that's green progress really gives us. so what, but in the future, at some points at least this problem will be solved and will be protected. the, this is the return to 600. it is the size of 40 football fields and has about a 1000 mirrored elements. it was designed to capture signals from space, listening in to the conversation of the cosmos. the julia, thank you for taking us to your office as it were. appreciate the opportunity to

show us this radio telescope. what kind of signals do you catch here and what kind of information can you get from them? and also have you ever gotten any circles that you weren't able to explain a cooker between just like a common land based telescope did the region 600 temperatures, non thermal synchrotron emission, mostly from celeste hill bodies. give an opinion, for example, the sun, the closest start to us images radio waves. and we can observe it and have the most other objects are extra galactic sources or radio waves like galaxies and quasars due to this. and the signals from them that the radio telescope captures are the non thermal synchrotron radio emission of electronics just to it's called synchrotron emission because electrons move along the magnetic field lines at close to the speed of light here. that's the main type of data. that's a radio telescope captures. what we observe here are hundreds of thousands of space

subjects that emit radio ways. we receive data on their activity on their calm state and on the evolution of the synchrotron emission that originates from the central areas of galaxies and craze. ours, mostly the galaxies and quasars that we observe here. now, i understand that the sun is getting ready for and a period of extra activity. and what kind of information can you radio telescope tell us about what's to come in? what can we learn from this? an extra active period in the sun. well now that, that's just something using in our daily observations, with rates and $600.00, we study solar activity in the radio frequency band payment. so the key advantage of great and 600 is that it can work in multiple frequencies because we study space objects from one to 30 gigahertz. and we receive this data in simply video as the nearest star,

heated to 6000 degrees kelvin. and the sun is the focus of our studies. as we know, the sun is now and it's 11 years cycle of activity now and it's girls face we didn't know. but after many years at the minimum now is set the maximum. so the key data that the rate in $600.00 retrieves and where we have massively improved is solar activity forecasting guys. number. for example, the radio frequency allows us to predict pro downstairs on the sun several days in advance. with a proton flair is a powerful outburst of solar particles with a large share of protons. for the radio frequency data retreat by rate and $600.00 allows us to predict such flares 2 or 3 days in advance of the data is fed to our observatories website, where automatic forecasts are released in the positive or negative. of course, this forecast is not 100 percent accurate,

but an 80 percent of events are flare forecasts are confirmed. so these solar flares these burst of plasma coming from the sun, very strong enough to cause disruptions and communication down here on earth. what can we learn from this? what can we do to prepare? and i mean, is humanity in for some sort of chaos because of the solar storms, can use not look, solar activity has a significant impact on humans, the atmosphere, and all communications. how good are we protect ourselves against this? here at the rate of 600, we own gather information that helps us understand what's coming. as for the measures that protect us from solar flares. well, sometimes we're told to stay at home, i'm going to get to the, to the opinion. okay. so the return 600 can capture signals from far away lasers and craze. ours. and it's incredibly interesting and important. what kind of information can we get from that? and how can it help us in the future?

i asked you because out across the laser, as in quasars, are different classes of active galactic nuclei. no, not. they are radio sources. the electromagnetic radiation, the med, mostly falls into the radio range. so why do we study them? it's not just for the sake of fundamental science. it's for the benefit of human and to you. we all live on earth and it wouldn't be foolish not to be curious about what's out there. it's the 1st question we ask us humans. we are surrounded by colossal energy and enormous energy sources. by studying them. we can explore alternative ways to produce energy, which is a pressing issue, given that our planets resources are limited. the on the i'm going to need to know . so this is incredibly interesting. can you show us a little bit more of your office or should i say this telescope, the

so that we know of, we have not heard any signals from alien civilizations. is it because we just don't have the capabilities to do so yet, or is there nothing out there to look for? like, what do you have on to be honest, i can give you a definitive answer to this question, isn't you mind? our telescope doesn't search for signals from extra terrestrials civilizations. i'd say we focus solely on fundamental research. that means that however, there are major applied research programs around the world that are well funded and dedicated to this task. let me look at the efforts being made in this direction suggest that our technical capabilities are still far from achieving this goal. these needs skia wasn't, wasn't this too because of the leaky, they at the law. so,

uh, i know about the kinds of show of scale about needing much more energy in order to possibly make contact. is that a technical problem or is that still a theory? it was all but it could be either was not well, but the electromagnetic spectrum that we know spans from radio waves to gum or res speaking to receive and process signals within this range, which is why we focus on it. modern instruments such as ground based and space observatories and to increase sensitivity to detect very weak signals. it is possible that we're searching for something that doesn't exist we, it's also possible that the signal we're looking for is extremely same. but that is not very likely. it might be that there is no one out there for us to find this to them. you can always scratch the

so you personally do you hope to find alien life out there? something on like a soon as you media, like everyone else on earth, the sort of us being alone and the universe is frightening to me. that on the,

on the other hand, it's also scary to think that someone might be close by and could pay us a visit. somebody of course, the theory of problem bill eddie suggests that in the universe was unknown boundaries. and so now we can be the only form of light only when there are most likely other life forms out there, which could be less or more advanced than us. it would be fascinating to meet and understand them. but like most people, i'm also apprehensive about it. can you do? can yes, now. yeah, it's about the size. so, space exploration kind of goes hand in hand with what you do and what you're studying. what is the next era of space exploration in your mind? what do you think is the next big step for us? are we on the edge of a new era in the space race? i believe that the next big step in space development will require a significant technological leap. of course, ground based telescopes are improving their sensitivity and angular resolution.

well, what we can do this endlessly defense. that's why space telescopes are crucial when well, there are currently many space telescope emissions, including some in our country because they allow us to be unconstrained by the atmosphere and increase sensitivity or angular resolution. when a space telescope observes simultaneously with a ground based telescope, the next step is definitely space observatories, which i think humans have not yet fully mastered and full. and i need a sword, shall of you know, what is the one thing that you just have trouble wrapping your mind around because you're dealing with huge numbers. you're dealing with things that basically people don't understand is there was something in your mind that just really is hard to understand or grasp. i know you this is the summer, but the most important reason why we study the universe from why we study outer

space is to investigate its birth and evolution. this is the main question. we study all kinds of objects and their development can point us to the history of the universe and its growth. what does it need to, how and where is it? everything originate from? what was the starting point to it, to there's a theory that everything started with the big bang. but what plus before that? and was there a big bang at all? there are many questions with theory and observations in not a line. in order to explain was sir you what we see and observe. we need to make a lot of assumptions, adjustments, and introduce various color fissions, which we often do without explanation. our primary goal is to understand how everything happened and how everything evolved from this is the main thing, astronomy, 6 to answer. if i may ask, what really excites you about your job? why do you do what you do?

so much, particularly the most impressive thing about and astronomers work is that we get to do what we love professionally. mostly when we come here, we are 1st and foremost, we were free in our choices. we can improvise and very often just we don't have to be told what to do because we are in the state of discovery. and that's exciting. now i do know as one of our colleagues said, you come here, enjoy yourself and get paid for it. it really is a pleasure, especially when you succeed, when you discover something new or confirm your hypothesis sweeps, bellagio, the people forget how small and fragile our world is here on earth. as carl sagan said, were you just live on this pale blue dot was working with such a big numbers and literally astronomical figures. uh, does it put things into perspective for you? i chewed in the store. obviously, if you explore what is around you and also far away,

if you broaden your horizons and to engage in any science, you also need to be a philosopher. you need comprehensive approaches, sometimes non trivial, once the se, in this regard. astronomy is no exception, but it's also global because we study very distant objects that we cannot caesar erect we, we need to figure out how to observe them, how to improve the image and enhance the signal. and this broadens our horizons, 1st of all, but also naturally our world view. it's a comprehensive approach. the

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the now i want to hand it over to the president, ukraine who has as much courage as he has determinations. paige, i'm a predator. oh no, he didn't. yes, he did fight and really blew it. the fumbling. dropping the bolt. i'm calling president zalinski. president to check and while the blocks meeting ends in a traditional gaff, allied leaders are circling the wagons around joe biden. they are spinning a narrative, but the us president still has it all upset, present part and let through all of that. talk to some incredible achievement of this counsel and i think he deserves credit for that inexperienced man because he is undoubtedly one of those around the.