the continent before the indigenous people make up less than 3 percent of the us population today. the, the, is it possible to get lost in time? well, come to contract and see for yourself. here's several unique ethnic groups are remaining in their own bubble of sorts. surrounded by these beautiful landscapes, we come to see how the natives of rushes, far, far east lives and preserve the ancient traditions and culture. and if we've come this far, we know that it's going to be worth the journey here

here, here. and you're. so one thing that i've come to learn here in come shatka is it really is a true melting pot. many different cultures coming together, but the edelman were believe to be the 1st people that come to contract that you yourself, are you the woman? um, where do you come from? usually its not good up the street. we don't know from where the a tillman came to come shatka. there are several theories, but none has been proven. one hypothesis says it's woman sailed here from hawaii. another claims we tracked from mongolia some say we originate in america. however,

the implement call themselves the people living here. that's what it tillman literally means. a local sale, archeologists proved that the it's woman has been living here for over 8000 years. they were here before the corey x, the cheek, she, the evens and the alley. the these before ancestors had spread across these parts. before their arrival. they worked for the land, they fish ton to the sea, mammals gather, did woodwork and grass for etc. and we, their descendants continue those traditions. so the german scientist george stellar. he was also a traveller. he has a theory that and you've already touched on this a little bit that the edelman and the north american natives are the same. people you've been to canada, you've been to north america in the states. what's your thoughts? what's in tough. we're often told that we look like the play and get the cho key,

etc. okay? nobody at that, but i see differences and they see them to our language is, are different. and so our, our cultures dance, for example, our traditional activities are not the same either. sure. there's a similarity when you visit one of their villages. you look like you could easily blend in, but the clothes are different, traditions and culture as well to time. so i think we're different from them in that were indigenous to come chattanooga, they have their own tribes and as soon as the cities with their own rich cultures and traditions, you mentioned earlier that you don't mind or believe to come here to contract to 8000 years ago, in that 8000 years, are there still traditions from them that you still have in your daily life in your daily routine? the yes we do have these traditions. we still celebrate the implemented ritual festival of all light. like our ancestors we chase evil spirits away. all our women

get together make awful faces and scream their heads off until evil spirits the car to leave our homes and our families. we still dance till we draw because we still love to have fun. same deal us and dance like our ancestors did. boredom was a major's and for them having fun, enjoying life, feeling happy is one of the most important pursuits for the it's woman to be a great to me and you and we still respect this tradition of ours. you to look for those we. so we've grasp baskets using c, we'd towards the end of august, we go to the pacific shore to gather, see we will use it to cover our typical it's omen dwellings. take houses and buy la guns with them while ago. and then there's fish, of course, worth of a fish is our livelihood. when we stow fish dry fish ro we'd dry, you cooler, a fish meat that comes from salt guys, simon, chum,

salmon and co host salmon. we make a lot of preserves for ourselves. and for our dogs, we pick berries for us. if you don't go foraging, then it's like you haven't lived that year. as soon as berries come out, you feel this urge within you. you want to go and pick them. and i'm not talking about picking raspberries and strawberries in the garden. i'm talking about cranberries blue, honeysuckle, and crowd berries. in a sense we modern it's women still follow the traditional life style of our forefathers. we talk to the earth spirits negotiate with them, and thank them during specific parts of the year. exactly when our ancestors did the same. one of the traditions that you have in the abilities that you have, i would say, is being able to cook using wooden pots without an open fire. for me that this just seems impossible. how do you do that? there's our ancestors didn't use iron. this is a steel knife,

but in the past tools would be made of obsidian or stone. these days we cook like everyone else and it's the women who do it. in the ancient times, however, men were in charge of the cooking. they would heat stones in a fire and put them inside, wouldn't pots with water and pieces of fish by replacing cool stones with hot ones from the fire. they would simmer the fish to it's really delicious. our traditional, ancient way of cooking is much better and preserving all the whole, some properties of fish with what we would as well they didn't use salt, i'd suggest you give it a try. it's a physically challenging process. so how to solve it to them. you get hot standing next to a fire, they would strip to the waist and sometimes even remove their pens is but suddenly cooking would be done inside a pit house. they had special wood and tools to help them pull stones from the fire,

dropped them inside the pots, and put them back. i want to ask about the raven. i know that it's very important to me, eat them and culture, but it's also important in ireland to the irish and goddess of war. what it on it is also surrounded by raven, she appears as a raven, the scandinavian god. odin also is surrounded by ravens. why do you think that this icon of the raven is so important to the woman and across many different indigenous cultures on us? so you could have the corey x and the 2. but you also believe that could kenya code the raven created. come child good and gave birth to the corey act and that you 2 people in the tillman believe that the quick, the raven, together with his wife eat home, created the land of come chattanooga becomes human. we see this differently from the cory x and the choke cheat for whom this land was a rock lifted from the depths of the ocean. for us, this land as

a living thing was once upon a time, the codes and a home that were flying over the sparts, and all they could see was an expanse of water for you. they landed and the raven was able to stand. but his wife sang to her chest and there she gave birth to their son. seems to come in, which means or then we can put includes the raven made him become land, which means we walk upon the land of quotes and the homes 1st son seems coming. when we call to the spirit of the earth, it seems good and we talk to what we say seems good in. thank you. please help us. later they had my, our children end. at some point, the tillman came into existence. is it a coincidence that many consider the raven to be there for father, a wise bird, or some kind of an important character in our story. i don't know. what i know is that the raven holds a lot of symbolism for russians as well. it's symbolizes wisdom, a sort of intellectual force that sees every thing. it's a hard question to answer,

but i like the fact that we share some characters, be that metaphorical representations are actual spirits. we believe in, they unify us. it means humanity used to be one. it just means tribes split apart at some point and went their separate ways. the raven, however, remains sadly, and which still binds us together. this a news, i'm sure that at some level our cultures have something in common in the way we see ourselves and perceive our connection to nature. but the road is my understanding and we've talked about this a little bit already in this conversation. the dance is very important to the gentleman culture, but in the past dance was a uh, asking for a good hunch or maybe asking for good health. does dance today have the same type of meaning for you, or is it more just a tradition?

yep. no, our dances are also rituals. you enter a sort of trends during the it's, i'm in festival of how i like we hold the russian traditional dance championship for the indigenous people of cum shatka, where we dance for 17 hours, non stop there, we share energy, communicate with our tribes, the earth, and the spirit, the, the, the promote, it's an unforgettable experience. each indigenous dance is a story, a way to get in touch with higher powers and the energy that surrounds us. air,

water, earth, fire, and the spirits of animals which we sometimes also invoke in our dense youth. in many years ago, the gentleman used to dance, so they literally dropped from exhaustion over generations and generations of different ethnic groups with income track. i have mixed. is it safe to say that the cultures and traditions of the different groups have mixed to become a unique come track, a culture can years. but the news certainly traditions and cultures are mixed. and traditionally, korea commend and women never dens close to each other. they dance their separate dances each and their own bible. the tillman are very different. the always i see a man issue of care. the issue because she's a woman means and we go the

. 0 the victorian to the doctor. this dance practice now the to condense together and have fun. there's a cross pollination of cultures. on the one hand, it's beautiful on the other. it's becoming more difficult to make distinction is and figure out what austin took it to him in culture is a in of so there are no more peer at. tillman, tillman. families are all mixed with other ethnic groups. the

1st of all, i want to thank you for bringing us in here to have this look into your life, into your culture. it's fascinating. thank you. i guess i want to ask 1st uh, what does it mean to be claudia? where do the credit people come from? and what does it mean to you? not only do it, there's a distinction to go there are coastal codecs in one and 200 corrects the just to them who heard reindeer. and let's say that they're known as rich folks because they have huge herds and reindeer are highly prized by c. r grandmas who raised and taught us in the village would always say that the correct main treasure were a large family, a really large one and a heard of dear kids. that's why people took good care of their families. of no

reindeer reindeer, maybe even took priority as they were essential to life by side all our clothes, everything we have everything our ancestors had. it all revolves around reindeer. when they made clothes or a reindeer meat, they used to say that the animals lived on with them. we where its skin live, the life goes on. you can see that we're surrounded by randy or heights, and i can see that they're working specifically on making these beautiful clothes that you're known for. and it seems to me that it would be incredibly difficult to make all of these clothes and by hand. do you have specific tools that you use to to make your clothes now for his instead? yes, we do. uh well for the for civilization came to us so to speak. there were these old tools are, these are the tips for the connection? yes, they were created naturally. i go up there,

very old. that's a kind of with this rock is used to carry leather. what if the sun with this is the best traditional tool to get the phone instead of moving the video? because cool. so here's a more modern version from the time when we began using iron throughout the course google on boston, which is sharper than stone. was that when my grandma had me tana hyde was this iron tool and she gives me a high quality piece because she knew i would rip it from you. so she gave me anything that wasn't valuable for renewals. can you show that we just do what we use to use this board for tanning? will you place it like this? ok style and put the deer skin on top of that of the image and i am not going to press hard now because this piece has already been attend school. otherwise i would be

going like this at best to put your arms get really tired of these, but that's how you build muscles and become very strong. see lease like the the light is so we remove the top layer. we grease the hide with deer mock several times 3 or 4. so it becomes soft when it's soft like this, we can further process it using our hands. okay. how much time does it take for you to make a specific piece of closing load, say, a coffee uncle for a, for code, for example, regarding how long it takes and it isn't much depends on what the craft artist plan is, how detailed and beautiful she wants this piece of clothing to be there is also burial clothing. it is our custom to have that ready when people are still alive today, it would be very unusual. but our people have this tradition. and then you know, we made our own burial clothes. it would take 3 or 4 similar pieces to make

a complete set for women, my size touch and feel how soft it is is very cool. now i understand that you decorate so beautifully your closing with bands and symbols. uh, are they just decorative or do they have meaning? it's just, it's just that i'm getting the run because well, i'll show you a piece so you can compare these ornaments are called some today. we call them your google and cut out meaning moons. you correct? still use the lunar calendar for seasons based on the lunar faces. the correct people know how to get their bearings using the moon and stars will not. our ancestors were really good at finding their way like this for so i'll come back a visa or nimble up with, you know, beads were brought here in exchange for local products. we didn't have beats before that this summer and local craft swimming took

a liking to them once new because they added beauty to the traditional needlework patterns and brought out there also intensity. we knew i'm talking about the traditional moves. our ancestors used to embroider on their clothes without beads. they may beads of their own from natural materials, like fish bones, shells into your hair. just one book here, i'll show you. it did, of course, and this is an authentic product son, pattern, or a movie, as we call it. so can you tell me a little bit more about what the symbols and then me and specifically i am in the cracks, display their lifestyle in these decorations, having the world. now, some of the most important thing for them was the deer versus the waterlines. so most often to pick deer antlers or mountains volcanoes or tree branches as the coastal corrects. also called lawns lived along the coast. so they had these wave

patterns. as for the colors they used, there weren't as many color options as today. they mostly used red, black and white. they're ornaments, elizabeth, what the mobiles because about my grandma used to say when we decorated my for jacket on the good news that you need to take inspiration from the ground. black or brown represents 1st. yeah, green is for grass. we didn't have green or light blue, for example, one of the choice of colors was limited to the basic on black, red and white. white is the color of sanctity purity. red is the color of defense. it gives you protection. that's it. a back in those days are crossed, swimming also made carpet switch, told their family stories, see if there was no writing system. so ornaments told stories you could tell from those pictures the families occupation. the even tragic incidents were depicted from when someone died or was killed away from home. family history was passed down

an ornamental there's a legend about a new man who loomed the earth with his reindeer. when the animal googled and weary it turned to his master and said, kill me, drink my blood and we will become one. my soul will come back to earth and giving birth to a new race of reindeer people. we are now headed across the tundra of contract to meet the descendants of those very people, deep evans, the so you're out here with no signs in the middle of nowhere, no communication. how do you know where to go? this mode, if we have a special route so we can't go beyond certain limits because that's outside, i'll post you. so we pay for the right to keep our animals in certain areas and for hunting land climate factors to. it's very hard to do a gift. there's a lot of snow on the account get to the most, so we need to move to another place with less snow up to 50 centimeters. and how

many ranger do you have in your heard here? and so, is it difficult to control them? with this 2000, including the cough so that the number of fluctuates as some do you have become sick or full prey to other animals, including 2 legged ones, most people are afraid to just to fully explore. some stuff is low up on the it's not easy to control. lorraine data, it depends on the pulse you'll end. or if you stay in the same place all the time, you'll destroy all the mos. it takes up to 25 years for new most to grow. you need at least 15 years for some of to appear. so we can't stay in the same spot. we need to keep the rain the a moving. i'll be looking for areas where there isn't a lot of snow or ice when you're out here in the nature, when you're with the ranger, what do you feel? what isn't it for you to? so for both the, during the recital, i feel free out here at the not folded by was there anything else that civilization doesn't get in the way, but it's a no radio though, so i can't listen to the news that goes so find things out later,

but just to just know what are their task for anything else. create them. so i say about the dog footing as a very special place in the life of the indigenous people in conjunction. what seems like entertainment for some was once a crucial method of survival in extreme whether this american family is now reviving. these ancient traditions the now that is impressive and very all right, so let's get right to and i've heard the rumors that your children before, they can even walk are already in a sled. what is flooding to with these dogs?

is it a sports? is its a way of life, is it an ancient tradition? talk to me about that? no good screw what they say the most. my wife participates in dunc said races even when she's pregnant and was to be in by police just like let's go with our kids. are in the sled with her or did so. i still do, i'm sending for us is on live life in the forest with dogs close to nature because even here. so that's how we pos, culture, tradition and emotion this down to our children. that very perceptive read that will cause they grow up surrounded by this strong healthy and learning from us spinning yeah, think we think that they do, doug, setting on their own, go like, and i can tell your whole family is involved. so what exactly is a musher and what you have to have in your skill set to become one that you're the marshal call you is dedicated to his dogs and he lives with them. is the most that drives the dogs. that team pulls up, i would call in the boss,

believe the total. everything depends on the marcia the entire life of his team. okay. inside. now, do you become a marcia? people usually start with one dog and then the team started scrubbing with the 2nd side. now you do anything special to train your dogs to run or is this justin their jeans? yes, the women prepping for a race is like any athletes. and we dropped a plan and tried to stick to it, which i believe these particular dogs have it in that blood. so we don't need to make extra efforts to brent, but don't just letting you just put it into the harness. it will get up to this lead and off it goes. i noticed an interesting phenomenon when they were getting ready to be hooked up the entire group of them all started housing at once. what does this mean? is this a signal? is this a rally cry that they're getting ready to go running? or they, it's a very interesting question issue and you know, i don't remember anyone giving you a comprehensive answer to it. no, i think by housing, they express the unit, see an eking this to run is

a lot. yeah. this date will show example once it will starts housing in the whole pan copies install it down and see. but the same is happening here with the dogs and place the manifestation of teams. where is how this might seem like the most basic of questions, but how many dogs are there to a slab? is there a limit, or is there a set number that have to be there last but we use between 6 and 16 dogs for one said depending on what's required from a good take killer run. well, if it's a long distance from 1500 to 2000 to columbus is us we would use as many dogs as we can up to 16 bye. so i give it to show it to run 68 or 10 dogs have plenty me. now you know that different dogs have different roles on the sled, which implies the fact that they might have different psychological traits as well . how do you choose which specific dogs go where on a slide to monitor? that's what we see right from the start. and when the dogs are still puppies,

right here that kept in a kennel. and as they grow older, we start walking. go and we take the mother on the lease and go to the forest for a walk using them we can wash the pumps and see the account i just right away. i need some opposite rank to have a not afraid to run ahead. we. we mark them as potentially dogs who will stay of the team. that's what i mean, other bob so less active and only stay behind the brain of a one piece of paper. they will go in the middle of the dog team on campus there. and some always stay close to, you know, going around your legs, but they will run away, but yet they are afraid to fall out of the rest of the team. so that splits a piece, these dogs, you'll be harnessed in the rear of the team directly in front of the sled, the wheel dogs existing. that's how they'll grow. so determined let an initial stage before the day. so when you still in training, the dogs of the abilities will manifest themselves best. uh, is there ever a case where there's

a dog that just isn't suited for run thing and what happens to that does that happens was sometimes a dog is afraid to run in the harness with the team. it starts to slow down. we're going to even lie down. you can't use dogs like this. again, they're usually very good companion. so walks in the forest because they never run away. we have many such dogs here, and they remain part of the family and stay here with the rest of the team. the we've traveled the breadth of the contract to peninsula taking in it's mesmerizing landscapes and people the they live in some of the harshest conditions known demand for wind and snow. the even making their homes i'm,

it's fire breathing volcanoes. in here, there's total harmony between nature and people preserving the unique culture and identity, the, the valley, her mother's storage,

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