the last one does, can you imagine the, the discounts dodge the journey? the, are you ready to come along the, [000:00:00;00]

the the number one of the great mysteries and the treasures of the world. and one of the largest deposit the stuff is right here in the baltic sea. so we are in the clinic, rod region, trying to learn all the we can about this multi call. the want to meet cool is a geologist and painting intelligence. amber is important to his work and he's the perfect person to give us some perspective. the 3rd one is here. um i see sounds a member. let's get right to it. scientists disagree as to what exactly it is. is it a stone? is it a gym? is it resin? what is amber?

exactly. the just needs to be inside. yes, i'm a good question. from a dia, logical point of view. you can't cool amber, a mineral, a minimal hold of the nor a stone. it's an organic substance, good fossilized resident. or if this cup, i am a small from a chemical point of view, it's an i'm office frame pull about it's composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. it's literally like most organic substances on us. they can also contain impurities, like sofa and other elements settings. that means that what is amber? it's fossilized resident with the fossilized resin from ancient plants. i was wondering if i still have the ancient greeks new with them, but i don't get a garbage in small and is origin from plants even. you're going to test it to so when he wrote about these, these, these 2 have some bolted drive that lived in the 1st century. a d said they collected fossilized resident which contained remnants of plants. so that was back

in ancient greece. and during the 18th century, calling this and the great me, if i use them and also for almost single tediously determined that and it won't get, i can nature and comes from plants to push the number is only found in the leningrad region. there's literally, it's just a, there's a lot. yeah. i'll tell you why a little later here hold on a can be found in many places around the world, mostly in the northern hemisphere. dominican number is very famous as well as them, but from them it's moving as bo mike. there's also a lot of amber in the far north, in the polar regions move in the time you have a tendency left on. so cutting near lake bank of steven and both right as um, but when you're up in 3 places, i mean you can and around the can in drugs. poland, ukraine's rough in the region get an end in gemini saxony. mean, december is a little roughly the same age, but it's very important that the m bus throughout the world is a difference of geological ages through stuck in some places. there is geologically

young member under now those at smaller ancient but many geologists may consider sucks unite to be true and excellent. different types of em, but i have different names here, thought she was. this is called sucks and i to name it exists here in leningrad, just enrolled in a land in germany. full arrest found in various parts of the world of gold, amber like residence. yeah. they differ in their physical and chemical properties. they're less dense, less and biscuits, and really used to make jewelry clothes last, what's good about all around, you know, a sex. and i say, well, is that it's actively used in jewelry making. an interesting question is how amber foamed. and when that happens, i'm just going to still talk about as i will see me, scientists have different ways of measuring the age of um, amber. so what is the oldest known sample that we have available to us? oh, no. okay. here's the course study cuz he said, well,

of course it's not as old as our planet or as we know from the oldest rocks, this is 4500000000 years old. planet was formed around 4 to 6000000 years ago, as well as the moon and the planet system is just of course, amber is very young and compared to the smaller amber, like the piece in my hand is around 37000000 years old. it's it's, it's geologically young, but there's more ancient amber. i used for example, in burma who am i am a oh, it's about a 100000000 years old from the cretaceous period. oh is, is from the pedagogy in period. what does em but gold cocoa, it's very young. 30, a few 1000 years old. you can find it in japan and south east asia. and in the southern hemisphere you can find cocoa will stand argentina if you wouldn't mind. it's just a few 1000 years old. but how do we know the age? if we look at this deposit, what it's a marine deposit from an ancient see. i thought it was,

it's the same age as december. does the person with it so you can find a book in them, but to a lesser degree, it must be a pleasure. they were formed in a sea, but not the baltic sea. yeah, the baltics that you dan logically youngest insurance. it's 10 to 12000 years old and you know, because it was formed in iglesia lake, it was with the baltic. sea is now. this came from a melting garcia. it's about 20000 years ago. but before that, this land was dry hunter. and under these calm, re, in shallow water conditions, i thought of the sealed clay in some deposits formed what we see here, a sort of tends to 2 to 3 meters on the rest. and there's a different kind of deposit called what blue, full, blue ground bed watching and amber is highly concentrated. precise. it's in this blue us and a fortunately, sol, amber reserves can be found in blue with us. why is that? why do we find amber here on the coast border? because this blue ethics stands out to about 10 meters from the sea bottom with the

with lips. then you will see wash it down here. and the other is lighter than water . it's light. so it ends up on the b triple that we collected. well, yes, it most of it, right? so about the age of amber, you've talked about that, but how long does it take for the resident to actually become amber itself, which flows in. of course that's very complicated because these i'm a ring deposits that and performed on land comes from trees. so there are many hypotheses about this. one of the theories is that the was a shallow water see here, and i've also left them there where there's land. the river flowed 37000000 years ago, just it was gold, or do i read enough to spend the forests growing throughout all of this area that produced this residence? the resident fell into the river and here the same way, we're supposed it's miles where it fluid into it, like google and all that. and but from the river, accumulated in this marine settlement on the basis of the chemical physical

transformation of arisen into m. there is complex and it's still not completely clear how because it's not known how long it's spent in the soil in blue, or if it fell directly into the river. or if it land the ground and was then washed into it. because model number like quite tough to remember if the coco that's being dug off is very brittle, like a typical resin truck. it's not sticky with but very brittle. it's just you but sucks. and it has a very interesting properties, but it's very hard with a high melting point. but almost they can be found in different colors and so on and use that tool connected to its origin. because we still don't understand what kind of tree produce them. but for example, japanese em, but was produced by the group industries. but what exactly, what kind finally done snow cool for in the currency. the main scientific research points those time for ease. because we find pine twigs in the embassy to spend the japanese umbrella pine. that's also a kind of forestry that still grows today. it just, it's also,

it's not really clear, but i think was a will eventually show us that comes up on, you know, mostly i believe those in the book of us. what about this place itself? i know you've already mentioned that there are other places around the world where amber is available and you can find it. but it is often said that here in the baltic, it's the best quality, amber. why? the baltic white here? i'm not talking about. well, 37000000 years ago that was a completely different conditions. now it's cold like that, but then there was sub tropical conditions because it was quite warm. will the why the continents were in about the same place as now. good luck with and talk like it . we had a continental drift until ticket was connected to us strangely. there was no and optics component current as of friday there was no ice cap on the optics and dr. go and it wasn't a temperate climate here. how do we know it was warm, like a sex?

and if there is the positive accumulated fossils from life forms that like pete is coming to don't live in the baltics anymore. this deposit is gold. is emily a credit does? what does that put on the results that have accumulated was if you search, you will find some what start to look. good enough. first, find the noise to show us the story event and number of which a heat loving animal and the waste is in the baltic. now let's the broker and we didn't really have see a country is or muscles is usually a completely different animals live here on the see mid look start to continue on with also literacy yet you can see it. yeah right here. ok. so how does it gets here? i mean, we know that for a paleontologist like yourself, amber is

a very rich material for you to find history and to learn about our past. and what has been the coolest thing that you've been able to find. it will just be using, well actually it's not only fossils. we find a number bearing deposits. was that in the under itself, there are fossil inclusions because that's a very interesting because if the fossil loses, its structure are continually inclusions because of the tiniest details like inside passing through from apollyon to logical point of view. that's a treasure trove. what's the truth of new knowledge about the ancient and before is that existed here 37000000 years ago? i think a lot when i, when speak for myself, but about the ref, finds you can come across and use it for examples to lizards have been found in both the kind of goes camel spiders that live in warm regions. you know, the majority of animals, we find the number of trip on the small animals that fell into it rather than trap . they couldn't get out and just remained to them, but it was, but it's rare to find the big around them. it was because big around the most

camera escaped from the resident. we very rarely find fleas because fleas on them all of our sites and they can jump very quickly. you know, so long ago, had was found from a memo. we've never come across the premium will, for example, in dominican amber, which is more ancient and boy there was a famous dinosaur, will find you the hand of a small bird like dinah. so what i have to ask a lot of people have seen the movie jurassic park and are fascinated by the idea. in fact, when i telling people about amber, this is the 1st thing they ask me, is this something that scientists are working on to be able to extract the dna and maybe revived dinosaurs or something along those lines? the biggest thing that's a good question. this is actually, if you look at the inclusions in the, you can see, find details, and musky does the work. but it turns out the defense, it's a poly merick substance. yeah, there's a diffusion takes place. what we see is the animal itself. it's a sort of animal print like a 3 the shadow of the animal itself. for the reason this practically no biological

content. the reason the also by both nucleic acid has a quite complicated structure of the composes quite quickly. and it seemed for about 500 years or so, it conducted some experiments. they took residence, today's residence, they bought insects and it is very different. so if i'm trying to sequence the dna about 5 years went by, was the when no results showing that we could completely recreate dna item and that was only after 5 years. and we're talking millions of years. unfortunately, amber is a poor trap for such, he'll get an extra to is when it comes to dna. also, jurassic tough may be a great and beautiful fairy tale, but unfortunately, it is just a fairy tale. what about the clarity? you have very different levels of color. sometimes it's a milky sometimes if even blue is one of the rare colors, what gives amber? it's a specific color. and why is there such a wide range? you say,

oh you think the milky and what's the transparent amber that can be light blue or a greenish color. all this depends on december's chemical composition. let's see if there are many aspects to consider. it depends on the kinds of impurity this was the amount of fracturing demo fracturing the less transparent when there are a few fractures, it can be highly transparent and wished when there are a lot of fractions, it's more opaque solution, but most highly value them. but there is milky em, but because it's stronger, think it's the most commonly used in jewelry making. there's also a rotten amber which is very fragile, but that's all connected to its physical chemical properties. but the chemical formular itself is always about the same, do not cover search and see $14.00, h, $16.00 or 2 for that could be an inclusion of different elements. just let me know if you're junior, because it's really meant for me. what about the physical characteristics?

i mean member can float. it's not particularly dense. it actually burns, if you try and set it on fire, it can melts. uh, what are some of the other characteristics of amber and why is it this way? oh, that isn't the what you know the source solution to the well, but has a lot of interesting properties in the summer. and probably the most interesting is it's newman essence. if we were to come here with nights with an ultra violet length and turn it on and we'd see how it glows in different colors, milky green, those are transparent with the luminous light blue. that's also caused by that old genic lattice that reacts to the ultra violet light, which she had what i have to ask. i'm fascinated by her tattoos. i know that you love what you do and it shows in our conversation. but your tattoos, are they amber related as well? or are these just random creatures that you've adorned yourself with? no, no, this is the fun question. um we have some parental. i'm

a probably on till logistics as i conduct research in various areas. not only these em but bearing deposit seconds. my ph. d dissertation was i'm trying to buy extinct marine offer pucks witness now to become a full professor. i'm working on a paper that's also one ancient offer. pods, immune system, oregon. so these are the kinds of species i've written about. okay, so, uh, yeah, so that's my style. i guess the here at the amber museum including drugs, they have one of the world's largest collections of the precious stones. you do not keep on those is indeed exhibition curator here. and i bet sheets have some stories to tell

the even thanks for taking the time to meet us here. um this is such a beautiful collection. i wanna ask, what has amber meant to teacher managing throughout the years? to finish ordering by chicago across the now there's a lot to take in here because amber has great significance for me. just can we don't know exactly why it was considered magical, 4000 years ago. and that's what it seems that was magically that when we were at the beginning of the 80 period, the amber trade was making, it was connected with the romans who considered amber to be a magical stone because of a greek legend. the amber trade greatly affected the economic life of europe during that period, even though it started here. when the i asked he lived on this land estate later, amber became one of the most important materials traded between the hands,

sciatic league, and the teutonic order. it is just then a diplomatic gift, a gemstone, and the medicine for half before the majority of diseases. since now it makes fantastic jewelry. and in principle, we can find amber throughout human history. so mature is chris put it. so here i know that there are a lot of legends surrounding amber. uh, what is your favorite was probably my favorite one describes the attitude of people in ancient rome towards amber, which has had an influence on many of us. it's the story of a paste on the phone who suspected that he was the son of helio, the sun. god shall see us to drive his father's chariot with its fiery horses, but couldn't cope with, and was killed by the sub list. and now according to the legend, amber is present. ready and also the tears of the daughters of the sun. god is a senior. so this shows the attitude of the romans towards amber. it's the stone that lights away in the after life. well, there's

a legend that started various violins were even coated with a powder of amber. what other uses are there for this stone? you've always for this fortune noise. it's been used for many different things is consumed or anything from diplomatic differences to amber lenses for measuring the density of beer. and at some point, it was discovered that amber improve circulation and can be used for blood transfusions. grove, in the 17th century, or even earlier, many medicines contained amber is when it was actually thought the amber was a cure for the plane. although that may have been a legend started by amber catchers who spent a lot of time in water. so they had better hygiene and at the war with none, the less the spell doctor's treating the plague to amber wisdom and put it in the beach masks. it was thought the amber or a unicorn horn, which was actually ivory and couldn't detect to poison and food or drinks to ship.

those things weren't quite readily available at all. but they still thought it had these powers. there was a belief that amber powder or oils were very useful for treating diseases. and we need to find out which disease is exactly why you'd have to collect prescriptions from all over europe. for example, there's one prescription from the pope, from the 13th century. this piece of property in school thing not split the so how does amber make its way from the mines in its natural state to jewelry and museum showcases, were able to get access to december coming up to a unique entity which handles the whole process. the like thank you very much for taking the time to bring us out here and see how this all goes down. so i have to ask, this deposit is about 50000000 years old. my understanding is to get something that old you have to go really,

really deep. maybe even down to the core. uh or does the amber just kind of find its way up to the surface? talk to me about that process. so there are some if you have enough, yes, a very valid question. we're now located at the side of the biggest ember deposit on the planet with the to get to the layers with amber bearing clay. we have to move 50 to 60 meters, so waste, or you know, that's what most of our people work on. so we do 10 times more work removing ways to get to the blue earth. if the side has been in operation since the 9th and 17th and they'd be extract it 10000 tons of amber here, and there's got to be 100000 left voltage to so you and i surely won't live to see you over move. can you read him thoughts? so talk to me about the whole process. so you dig, you find you process, talk to me. how do you find amber? you know, mushrooms that will still do well, any mining operations begins with geological exploration? i think you geologist, search for the amber,

they get bore whole new tests and determine the con tours of the deposit and its volume that i was giving you after that would bring into miners. so you will already know approximately what depth will will find average deposits, how much there will be, and we can already make some preliminary calculations and look at the economy shortly as far as the equipment is concerned. so form of 15 meters using various machine seen by employ, move the 1st 25 meters with small excavators and trucks, which take all the waste or is from the develop space and the pay off that might be we remove the lower layer so where you can find water that henders vehicle movement off with drag line excavators near which you can see over there about that aren't affected by water adult. wasting my arms one bucket load can remove about 20 tons of the waste, or if it's, you know, that's what it's doing. now it shouldn't, and when this excavator finishes its work, we will finally reach the top of the blue earth with a 5 meter deep layer of blue earth, which contains the amber,

which you will. we need to lift this layer with the help of the excavator, and so keep with a powerful stream of sea water. so after that, the slurry made up a scan of the clay and sea water, as well as the amber itself, goes to our processing plant out of our separation and sorting stuff. them very cool. now when i think of amber, i think of small pieces with inclusions in them. what is the biggest piece of amber? are the most exciting thing that you found here? to? yes, and i shall, and they've got enough. so now i won't say about this i, but in general, 0 has been established that a piece of amber weighing 12 kilograms was found in the baltic coast in the 19th century. it's, or that's a very rare example. let's go and build you. i would say probably wasn't of the best quality because the bigger is a piece of amber. the more likely it is to have floss expecting that this far this side is concerned. like a few years ago we found a piece waiting more than 3 kilograms. so you'll feel like it's now in the sites, amber museum,

where anyone who wants to see it can take the boys relation with a variety of shapes and large color palette. amber has always been an inspiring medium for many artists. piano a pumpkin assembly has been looking at giving amber, a new perspective. well, also preserving centuries of tradition, the piano, it's always interesting to come into an artist workshop to see where everything happens. so thank you for the opportunity. i know that amber is quite fragile to work with. is this an asset or is this something that harms you when you're working with a uh yeah, i was raised here in colin and grad and i've been coming to the coast and collecting amber since i was a child. get a quote. it was very exciting. i knew it was light and fragile, even back then you simply fall in love with this material and little by little he learned to work with it. yours. you acceptance for jill? it a nice but i have a project with but the tier touch it. yeah. you, i worked on the edge here, slipping off pieces i just so i played around with it's for jewelry and it turned

out like this book. it all is. so there are advantages to evo, choice backwards dealer. how do you select a piece of effort to work with? yeah, what to do next for so i use 2 methods. i lay out the number, i buy it at the mill, this is fine. we cut it into the slabs and sort them by size. i think there are 2 options, basically do something with what you have or come up with an idea by carefully selecting each piece. you can go through everything there and then find none of it works for you. so even if you have a ton of amber, your idea might not fit. it's a very long process, but in any case, you have to find the right piece law. settlement data to lay too. i know that some artist actually color the amber in some way. do you color your amber specifically for a piece of work or do you like to use the natural color that exists? yeah, which i only like to use natural amber, just natural colors without any chemicals or physical coloring. just because it's great is it is you can choose a piece of amber to work on,

but with time it's color will change. it's very interesting and how you execute your work will impact the color over time. and how it might look later. it depends on the artist, it's a skill i wanted to ask about that. does amber actually change over time? not just the color, but the, the texture of the emperor as well. uh, for its shape. yes, it's white amber for example. here the oil evaporates little by little and this changes its structure a bit. but these are little things that only a craftsman will notice. the color of this kind of amber will change a year by year. if you have a piece like this, you can take a picture of it every year, and every year you'll see a different color. it's very interesting. so if we take amber of this usual golden color, it will start darkening 20 or 30 years later or so that's quite a long time. but it will only become more valuable with time is valuable, increase with that color. and it's interesting that my favorite amber is black amber. i don't think it's very well known color for amber. so it has an interesting

peculiarity and that it does the opposite. over time. it becomes slightly gold and every year it's like a drop of gold is that as well? so it's very interesting to observe a little bit of that. very cool. now you've touched on this a little bit before, but i see that you have a sketch over here. when you are working with amber, do you sketch out your ideas and then follow that pattern or just the amber speak to you? to give you an idea of what you're working on. me. yeah. yeah, no. i've learned how to make this don't work for me. it's you plan to work and already know which stone to work with was his last vehicle quick. i knew it comes with a book. may i ask what you're working on right now? i guess to just deal with what i'm, what i'm doing this. not long ago, they discovered a horde of valuables from 1300 b. c in cyprus and found pieces of amber. so people have been extracting december for all that time going into the sea and collecting it. and my project is called the inver catcher. unfortunately,

people die collecting this amber even now young people who haven't really mastered scuba diving, also, di. so this idea came to me to ember catcher. whether it's a realistic person or some kind of human form or just call. and so i'm doing this kind of work now, and these are already finished forms of practically ready to be worked on what's good. so these are the shapes. that one more thing. it's also interesting. thank you very much appreciated the there was

a time when i started to was abused to obtain flowers divided the continental lawn for time monks themselves. it was divided as a hunting ground. if we do not unite the corner knives as we come out again, we know that they are those who want the mazda continent to stop and 8, but the mazda clinton, and never be stopped, because the mazda continent must be great. she will only be great. on the shore does all of us sons and daughters on by the set. all right, so now click on the goodwill console. and let us confess about underground east the mazda upon the, the,

[000:00:00;00] the, the washington tells moscow to stay out of the us presidential race wall. apparently a, reserving the right to keep my, but in other countries around the globe as us been doing for decades. this is another step towards segregation of the media by nationality towards the destruction of freedom of speech, both in the united states of america and in the world as a whole by the hands and instruments of the united states of america. staffing out alternative opinions and an exclusive interview with r t rushes. foreign ministry specimen says there's sanctions imposed against our channels. employees are getting more evidence of the us,