say the lack of equipment and training with the use of soldiers, but all these denials, they didn't come out of nowhere because the ukraine ends the lens capacity. his retinue has been pushed quite vigorously towards the lowering that age of mobilization to 18 years of age. first and foremost by the united states, defense secretary has been pushing ukraine to do that. or america, secretary of state has been also very well pursue a very pursuit until this idea that ukraine should send well high school graduates to the front lines under the u. k. while it did not explicitly suggest that ukraine should lower its drop date, it has uh, hopefully said that it pulled the support ukraine. and of course, the decision to lower the age of mobilizations that would be met by london. well, quite favorably. getting younger people into the fight, we think many of us think is necessary. right now. 18 to 25 year olds unlocked in the fight. our view has been that there's not one weapon system that makes

a difference in this battle. it's about manpower and ukraine needs to do for and are due to firm up its lines in terms of the number of forces it has on the front lines, we need to make it easier for the ukrainians to access and we need to work with the ukrainians to help them motivate and mobilize more recruits. now key of a has being repeatedly trying to sweep under the rug the uncomfortable truth about the forceful mobilization. because people are quite outraged at the draft officials at the dropped offices who roam the streets in their vans. they are pursued people, these 2 people, even, and one of the videos that has the most lately, a young male arrived in a taxi to his house and it was the own one of the cc tv cameras. it showed a van, well, creeping up behind that taxi, and as soon as the young male exited the cart and tried to wells with me,

you will do a walk. you get it quite fast paced towards the door towards the into his apartment building. well, you could see dropped, office is chasing him and well mobilizing it was clear that that man was not exactly a volunteer and that have been ever such a videos emerge every day and sometimes, and quite often they all violent drop the offices the use for the beat people up, they have even lately gotten the approval to shoot people on site in case the life is in danger. the, the that video does not suggest in any way that the life over that particular draft officer was in danger and still a one life was through all that man in the video he was killed now. so it does

suggest that the excessive food, so that sadly some of these uh dropped offices that they are happy to use excessive force and basically do everything in the power to welcome script as many males now as possible because according to some reports, many of them are threatened that if they do not meet a certain criteria, if they do not meet a certain number of cost groups, uh they are threatened that they themselves would be sent to the front line ukraine right now. basically, a script of any sorts of advantage and any sort of leverage when it comes to when it comes to negotiations. ukraine could potentially try and dropped in cost script as well as tens of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of new people of a new will do conscripts to basically try and do something akin to what they did. and russians could as region because definitely they did hope that that

foothold that page had initially gained and brushes cool course grades. and that that was the upper hand that they had during these negotiations. but since then they have already lost move and a half of the territory that they had that they initially took a to control of and they keep losing more and more every day. so that this could be the lowering of this age of the dropped age. could be ukraine's way to the basically final attempt to, to do something big and to try and get at least some leverage on russia. well, rush, a better be ready for us that has been welcomed by a series of sabotage, incidents carried out by civilians who being trooped by. scam was purportedly from ukraine and what appears to be a highly coordinated campaign. a number of systems have been persuaded to set fire to police, cause a sort of some government and bank offices. i'll see you correspondent, honest to say the legend has more details. well,

it seems like you crane continues to operate inside russia through recruitment. and just as of today we had over a new case always 66 year old pensioner setting fire to a police call. i mean, particularly 3 of the 2 most of cocktails under it and a well, it happened in central moscow near about and to be precise. it was near auto bought russian internal affairs ministries, department, and the fire was quickly extinguished, no casualties worth while reported. and i'm a part of the, or the, according to the available information demand uh go to the. 7 site uh you can drive that in his call and uh, at the last moment he changed his mind. uh, because of the bus he was supposed to throw the molotov cocktail at the actual building. but then obviously he changed his mind on, through the, the cocktail onto the police call. according to the available information, the mind was 65 years old and he was recruited by sign scam us. the mine was later

on detained and i'm going to repeat myself, but the fly was extinguished, no casualties were reported. and this is just not one case that we've huddled so far. that was not the case in russia's setup of what a present set of fi to fi works in a shopping center. as a result of which uh, the vistas, how to be evacuated, a no casualties were reported. but apparently, according to the preliminary data, the woman was 77 years old and she acted on the ukraine's guidance. that was another case in a rush. this tool, where a 66 year old woman was detained and she used pyrotechnic products inside a fine coal fish. and she, later on, confess to she was in fact recruited by scam us. and us. com was actually persuaded her that it's a special operation to against those who made her lose her money. it

all was signing off. so that's how we thought up the top of the average under laney. they say, oh my gosh, do mr. ginsburg, let's begin with the most important question for something we recently heard from you. you mentioned that as a result of the new vaccine or medication, melanomas can dissolve and disappear. could you explain in simple terms for those of us who aren't doctors, how this is possible? studies, i'll try melanomas dissolved because the medication you're asking about and which will be discussing today. cancer vaccines based on m r n, a technology act as a therapeutic treatment. these vaccines train the patients immune system to actively destroy malignant cells, meaning the tumor itself, the immune system achieves this by producing side or toxic lymphocytes in the body

of the vaccinated patient. these lymphocytes, a top of white blood cell identify for and proteins, specifically known as anti gents on the surface of tumor cells. the attached to the tumor cells or 2 or tissue and release a series of active enzymes contained in small bicycles. there's some of these enzymes, grade holes in the tumor cell membranes. these enzymes are called preference, hence the name which relates to preparation or another group of enzymes enters the holes in the tumor cell and begins to break down its proteins effectively tearing them apart. this process leads to a phenomena known in scientific literature as apple ptosis during apple. tussa is the enzymatic activity of these enzymes causes the cell to essentially digest itself, breaking down into water c o 2 and you re uh, why is this important? it insures that the destruction of 2 more cells does not trigger an inflammatory reaction. as a result,

the tumor cell is live aged without causing inflammation. this mechanism allows us to protect the body from form proteins, whether they come from infectious agents or appear in tumor tissue. right, since our body contains many sided, toxic lymphocytes and this specific vaccine stimulates them to multiply further, they can destroy not only the primary tumor which to be fair, a surgeon can remove with a scalpel. but more importantly, the met a static cells as well. or these are tumor cells that spread throughout the body and can settle in any oregon. surgeon, of course, cannot remove every micro tumor with this. calvin. however, sight are toxic lymphocytes which travel through the lymphatic system and bloodstream to reach any part of the body can accomplish this. not only can they, they are biologically programmed to do so. their role is to identify and destroy for and met a static cells throughout the body. at our institute over the past 3 to 5 months, we developed an animal model using mice to study melanoma highly malignant tumor.

this model has shown that the vaccine created with this new technology can destroy not only the primary tumor, but it's metastasis. we're continuing to refine this model and we're developing additional models for other types of tumors. by around september of next year, we planned to transfer this work to real patients and collaboration with our 2 leading oncology centers, the hertz and center, and the blind center. the centers will use therapeutic vaccines developed at our institute to treat uncle logical diseases. specifically to more targeting vaccines designed for treatment purposes. not sure what's going on. so we'll go 1st quickly that about the speaking of timelines. how long have you been working on this new vaccine life? so good, and of course we all want to know when will the word cancer no longer feel like a death sentence for people. you mentioned that it will soon be tested on humans. when will that happen? and how long have you been working on this adventure that are both assume no good. that as we all know, this is a multi stage process. we began the 1st stage around the middle of 2022. when we

realized that the technology underlying the development of these vaccines held great promise. why 2022. because it was only in 2020 the technologies emerged, allowing for an anti jens to be introduced into the body of proteins or engines. but as nucleotide sequences in the form of genes, this breakthrough was made possible by the rapid development of new cobit 19 vaccination methods. at the time to very similar, yet fundamentally new technologies were introduced. as i mentioned, the key difference is that the vaccine contains genes that encode these proteins rather than the proteins are added into themselves. it was quickly show that this method enables the gratian of highly effective vaccines in a very short amount of time for vaccination in a preventive context, the q requirement is the ability to develop vaccines against infectious diseases where the specific infectious agent or protein target is clearly identified the most effective approach has been the technology used to create the splitting the

vaccine right through this method results and minimal side effects. and when the vaccine is administered, intern easily side effects are virtually non existent. m r n a base technology used to develop the pfizer and where they're in a vaccines is also effective, but has a relatively high number of side effects and healthy individuals. however, when this technology is applied to create treatments for patients such as those with cancer, the side effects it may cause are generally already present in cancer patients on. fortunately, this technology also offers a significant advantage. it enables the production of a very high concentration of the target protein required to activate the mean system when exceeding the levels needed to train the mean system to distinguish between self and form proteins. this includes differentiating self proteins from viral or material proteins, which is crucial for developing preventive vaccines. in contrast, when therapy dict, vaccines are developed, the immune system must learn to differentiate between self proteins and proteins

that are almost identical found and transformed, malignant or simply tumor cells. in such cases, the differences can be as small as a single amino acids or deluxe. over the past 10 to 12 years, as methods for determining nucleotide sequences and humans have become widely available, it was discovered. the tumor cells differ from normal tissue of the same individual by a large number of small mutations. these mutations present in tumor cells are now being used as new engines, new engines that can be introduced into the body of a cancer patient in the form of m, r n. a. as we discussed earlier, this process stimulates the patients immune system, particularly side or toxic lymphocytes to target and destroy tumor tissue. this is how the drug works. the 1st stage of developing domestic technology for synthesizing and designing m r n. a base treatments began in 2022, and partly because the same team that created the sputnik, the vaccine at the emily institute began working on this project once they became

available during this time 6 patients were obtained. and as of today, they're already 7, making this technology, fully domestic and sovereign. we implemented numerous fundamental changes that enabled us to secure patients in the russian federation using this technology. as i mentioned earlier, we created an animal model of melanoma and demonstrated its effectiveness and treating mice. currently we're developing models for all their own collage equal diseases as well for such a serious own co, logical disease. and they are all serious of course. there is a particularly common one non small cell lung cancer and as i now understand though, i am not an call just, it is the most frequently diagnose cancer with the highest mortality rate. this type of cancer does not respond well to the existing treatment methods in on call gene, such as surgery, radiation or chemotherapy. yes, that's why we're now creating such a model. other models for on cause equal diseases will also be developed including

for the pancreatic cancer, which is also different to treat surgically and certain types of kidney cancer. unfortunately, the business can go on it includes cancer is for which there are currently no effective methods of treatment. these are the cancer types for which the immuno biological method we're developing is likely to be effective. ask for this specific timeline for transitioning from animal models to patients. according to the roadmap, currently being approved by the ministry of health, which was actually developed by the ministry of health under whose guidance. all of these studies are being conducted by around september next year. work will begin at the hertz and institute, and at the blind center led by it could emissions kaplan or cd to introduce these treatments to actual patients. in the initial stages, the technology will be tested and its effectiveness will be demonstrated on the limited group of patients. once this technology is registered by the ministry of health, i hope it will expand rapidly and be implemented in other medical treatment centers across our country. so as if it was the ginger, it's

a ability here. i'd like to make a remark for our viewers that unlike traditional vaccines such as the flu vaccine. sputnik that can be used universally on any person on this cancer vaccine must be individually tailored for each patient. or am i right in this? why is it so, so shouldn't the person so shifting them, i mean, absolutely right. this is a very important point that is essential to the completeness of the story that we're telling you today about the creation of these vaccines. this is a truly personalized product with a customized vaccine created for each patient. it is because of the fact that no 2 tumors are ever similar. as of today, i'm calling just to know about 2. i repeat that i'm not, i'm gonna call just myself. but as far as i know, there are about 300 types of tumors that differ. so, you know, typically if we take several tumors at the genetic level, that is sequence them to determine the nucleotide sequences in the genomes. we will

find out that no 2 tumors are actually the same. and this difference, which is the characteristic of each tumor, is an excellent target to force the immune system, figuratively speaking, to find attack and destroy this tumor. but for this purpose, 1st of all, we need to identify these point mutations in each tumor for each patient. based on this, the medicine can be called personalized. then from these point mutations, we put together a construct called m r n a. the one you and i have talked about, synthesize it, and then package it in a little bit shell, which let's not go into detail also represents some technical innovations and then injected into the body of the patient from home. this personalized data was obtained, at 1st glance is going to be very expensive at 1st and it is indeed. however, at the r and d stage, which we're now talking about, all the costs are borne by the state. when this goes into mass production, it will be the result, not only of the technologies i just mentioned, but of new technologies related to the calculation of the nucleotide sequence. that

is part of the m r n a on co vaccine. for this purpose, we're not working with the leading institute capable of doing this. the vondik of mathematical institute academician, ever d. c on academician battelle and degree to fundamentally new mathematic framework for this project. we want all the calculations which now take 3 weeks or a month for each patient to be done in an hour and a half, maybe even less not to mention the far greater accuracy of these calculations, which will also surely increase the effectiveness of the vaccine product at the moment about 30 specific orientations of a patient are included in one vaccine system. this is done in order to guarantee that the immune system will recognize at least one or 2 or 3 mutations. as for the new mathematical framework will greatly increase the probability that a given mutation will activate the immune system, and the size of that m r n a can be reduced. thus reducing the time it takes to create the vaccine, a layer on the schedule with some i'm going to say probably the biggest,

most word for 2024 artificial intelligence. surely that's something you have been using at your center in some way and surely artificial intelligence since will have some effect on speeding up certain processes. can you tell me, please, how did you involve in the creation of this vaccine? can we talk about that? especially was that the to a process of the students in their target, are you ready to and thank you for that question. indeed, when i was talking about our relationship with the vondik of institute, it was about them creating a neural network enabled model, then would not just do calculations, but would also enter the results of those calculations into a database of cancer patients being created at the same time so that this software can train itself in terms of speed of action and accuracy of its predictions and calculations. it's the textbook definition of artificial intelligence as far as i understand it again. i'm not a professional mathematician mathematically speaking. when can we say that a particular development is being made using artificial intelligence?

we can say so because the program that under pins, the creation of a certain medical service, our product is based on software that is powered by big data. and the results of the worth and the rendering of the service are entered back into this database, thereby increasing the efficiency of the software. my mathematician colleagues have taught me to say not a model, but a mathematical environment. yes, we hold join seminars and we learned a great deal from them. i hope that we in turn offer them something new to some new information. right now. the creation of a mathematical environment for this work is being spearheaded by a highly respected colleagues at the vondik of institute insurance before we spoke on yesterday is when he got in. there's mr ginsberg let me repeat that because each case of cancer is unique, every patient will get individual treatment and a customized vaccine. we've mentioned that let's talk about the rest of the world. is there similar research going on anywhere? the yum described opening the technology and that's the yes,

when i talked about the m r n a base technology, i believe i said that it was originally created by pfizer. and whether or not the we meant to use it for treating cancer, but it became widely known indeed, wide spread use in a co with 19 vaccine. even though large quantities of it were manufactured and administered, the advantages of the technology based on g modified additional viruses which underpin the splitting the fee vaccine are obvious in terms of the number of side effects, not only to us, but to all the countries that have been using the vaccine, however, because pfizer and my dear and i have had that proprietary technology for awhile. they had an early start. i said that we were going to roll out our cancer vaccine around september, pfizer and, but they're not. however, having completed animal testing have recently started administering their vaccine to cancer patients and have seen very positive results. even though we have orders of magnitude less financing. we're competing at almost the same technological level

. and i hope that our know how will allow us not only to catch up with them, but get into the lead in terms of treating difficult cancer cases with the help of this technology. it also seems the task you oppose. hopeless, forgive this. now you've dreamers question, but will cancer at some point to be consigned to the dustbin of history like plague or typhus made to the airport in the show here. so i'm certain that the concept of cancer will evolve. let me explain why. yes, we will prevail over what we call cancer. now, unfortunately, however, or rather fortunately, the antibiotics and vaccines have helped us extend our active lives significantly over what people could hold for 200 years ago in the pre vaccine, iraq, and before antibiotics or more correctly antimicrobial drugs. we've extended our active lives by 30 to 40 years. i'm sure that within 10 to 15 years, humanity will figure out a way to get rid of the conditions. we now call cancer. yep. longer lives,

mean new diseases. cancer is mostly a disease of old age. when you get older, the risk of developing cancer grows exponentially. that is why i'm certain that unfortunately, our definition of cancer will evolve as a lifespan keeps getting longer. when someone brings up evolutionary processes, i like to say that only god and charles darwin know which way they'll go. but we can ask them a question. so we need to be prepared for everything at all times. and the research component for the fight for active longevity must always be at the forefront politically and economically let alone scientifically. virginia go down there, which initial the mug when us put notes, a solution for this being here. i simply must ask you about what else your institute is working on, what other drugs and vaccines will you offer? russia and the rest of the world? especially it was a process on us um, over the states and then i will thank you for your question. we do have quite a few things in the pipeline. some have been officially released or are pending

release this year. i'd like to mention our road to a virus vaccine, which was not included in the national vaccination schedule before. a team led by tatiana going to be new cool, a corresponding member of the russian academy of sciences developed this vaccine on our institute. we've also created a new anti bacterial medicine called starchy design on which has already been registered and is available at pharmacies which is effective against all multi drug resistant bacteria. that is because the action of ford design on is based on a fundamentally different principle compared to other antibiotics. what's more, but tyria did not develop resistance to it. it 1st helps the mean system turn off certain proteins called berlin's factors does disarming all pathogenic bacteria. and then the immune system use a site to toxic t cells, which we talked about today, a lot or very similar lymphocytes as well as target sides to consume and digest these, this are by syria. the drug is very effective against many vectors of hospital acquired infections, chronic infections across the titus,

and many other conditions. it was developed by a team led by professor and i. e. z got to hear about the head of the medical micro biology, department of family institute. over the last 14 years, we will soon release a conceptually new tv vaccine. the tv vaccine that we all know, the b, c, g vaccine, which is produced by institute protect small children against severe cases of tv, but does not prevent adults, our children from getting infected with the. the new vaccine however, will prevents tv infection. this will dramatically change the epidemiology of the disease. we can now hope that it's factor which humanity encountered in its infancy as it were. when people started domesticating cattle and other animals, that's when it most likely happens. so we can hope that this vaccine will succeed analysing this vector from the human population. so i hope that this vaccine will be officially released by late 2025 or early 2026 circus and the see it for jessica. later for all you just mentioned animals which reminded me of monkey

pox, you're doing some research on it as well, aren't you? i began communicating about the early successes in the monkey pox research achieve virus scientists who attempted to create a gene engineered vaccine. it is based on the same platform that we use for split think read, which means we know it well and it's completely safe. this vaccine is great because it doesn't just protect people from different strains of monkey box for what makes monkey pox so dangerous is that it's genom is almost identical to that of smallpox, which was considered to be eliminated in 1980. apparently, it would only take a few rotations to make the vector of monkey boss called the same severe epidemiological and clinical consequences as smallpox, to our gene. engineered vaccine doesn't cause the severe side effects that are produced by all the other vaccines created with live viruses or inactivated viruses of count box or by cd a virus. their side effects are very significant, especially given wide spread immuno deficiencies in the human population. a gene

engineered vaccine, however, it doesn't cause these effects and can be administered to patients with immunodeficiency and children. i believe having reserves of this vaccine are a must for our country. the d r and d on this vaccine is done. we're now waiting for the start of the new year because the ministry of health care as a government body operates on the basis of the calendar, not the vaccination schedule. so we're hoping to get new financing after january 1st. even though it would be helpful to have emergency funds that could be made available sooner when we're talking about the threat of new dangerous pathogens, it would be great to have more flexible mechanisms to support the research that can protect the population against emergency infections. to give you a more general answer, while it would be great to have something like this on the international scale, the situation is such that at least on the country level, we need a system that would allow the creation of vaccine prototypes against pathogens with academic potential something we called can't vaccines. the world health organization published a list of 30 such pathogens,

given our country's geography and climate, the list could be shorted to a dozen of such pathogens. we believe russian needs a program that would allow us to have prototypes of all these vaccines based on the same technology as can vaccines that could be kept in the same fridge. and when the likelihood of an epidemic emerges, if you have the production capacity, you can roll out a vaccine within weeks. you won't need to develop it from scratch. you can just pick the right prototype, introduce it in quantity rush. it should have set up a program like that as a lesson from the ongoing cobit 19. and the demick, the core, there is minute system in your suspect for 0. i'm a little nice organizations that have you. thank you for the interview. mister ginsberg, i hope to be able to talk to you and your patients soon, especially if i was going to thank you for the interesting conversation. the

. if you think about russia, what is your mind the picture? the landscapes open up the phone lines. the last one does, can you imagine the fetus? god starts the journey, the, the you ready to come along the, the,

the, the westbank this hill fast ahead repair to 5000000000 besides the prostate jesus solemnly small present today is the backdrop of young cutting is rainy assaults, on the palestinian people vary a christmas tree. and a large table fit all this news that's fine. proposed to me by h t. s. link is limits hot spots to mass out wage among christians. the reaction from the syrian want us to officials from says the nation has been the never received the from the west or we have always faith, especially if you would endorse years. it is if it was even.