a squatter, henry myrick wrote in a letter to his family in england, in $1846.00 plus strategy as fast as these rightly described as blood soaked in races. if at the beginning of colonization, there were one and a half 1000000 indigenous people living on the continent, then by the beginning of the 20th century, their number had degrees still 100000 people. despite the indisputable historical facts, the problem of full recognition of the crimes of white australians against the aborigines has not been resolved so far. the with the holiday season upon us, we decided to gets well and truly into the festive stairs and come to

a real winter wonderland. i think no place fits the description better than the northern russian republic of cordelia is not right. the piano express is one of the few and steam fading, still regulating service in the country, the smell of the cold, but this of this theme and the sound of the worst. so it's almost like going by to a bygone era. so without further ado, let's get on board and get under way. the

security, there's something magical about traveling on a steam train these days, especially at this time of year. we think of a lot more carry it to the modern electric trains. what do you think it is? but it's just a, a nicer one, but i was a good you notice to look competitive is always an extraordinary experience because

i felt like are every day trips have more than trains because there's something truly magical in challenging about it. and can easily on this team look emotive, has a unique reason math only almost like it's a life. and that is where it's chum lies for science care with this technology dates back to the taurus in sylvia 2 years, older generations. remember, these trains and steam engines, you know, proration uh, 11 the energy orations have never seen them in real life. and there's some, don't even know what the cold. so it's like a new experience for some and no style just for us. yes, that's absolutely correct. and tell me about the sky to express itself. where did the root come from and what makes it so special about a filter sketch. good rou, scale express runs between the cd of sort of all line roost killed the mountain pug . nobody kind of this rule of kind of really and truly is in mobile corey that wants to play device a role in the construction of st. petersburg. so it's a story called boot on this interior. it's just magnificent waltz era. is it

supposed to reflect this strain? is a combination of different historical elements. so nobody, for example, the look of motives and cause originate from the soviet era. because date back to the 19 seventy's and eighty's why locomotives from the 1950s premier, the post war period over about 11 of the interiors has been recreated with design elements from the color sky, railway representing the terrorist imperial tiara. and you can put on the call we're currently in is the trick lifestyle to reflect the soviet period was absolutely wonderful. said okay, if you ask any russian what they associates with a trained trip, hey, in the country, i bet they'll say it's this glass on the ordinates metal holder with this traditional come from and why as t always served in this topic of the session, the railway tradition of 17 gloss hold as she's above all practical one spare,

with the use of tall trucks. and the gloss contains boiling water and making it necessary to have an insulator austin to hold the gloss comfortably and stuff during the imperial year. uh, these holders will only view and re like items are commonly found in wealthy households. but by the end of the 19th century, more affordable and practical bloss hold as became widespread in your musings. then the tradition has endued the n. t and trains is still served in these hold is tied to a roof and made from nickel bras, or cult uh, i think the more leg 0 is versions of corrupted from silver. occasionally. gold. oh okay. wow. i'm not seeing them yet, but it's okay to thank you so much for telling me about the let's kind of you explain. you're welcome. thank you for a 2nd. the,

the, the, the adult row. you have as much choice, so i see them both show you the see, the little skill to express isn't just the train, right? it's a whole luxurious experienced. it gives you a real feeling of what life would have been likes to the sauce in russia. the if you want to go back the way you came. so the real scalar express uses this line to the table to do 180 the,

instead of getting your a drive a all 0 scale an express train you, i can't think of anyone better. just tell us more about the engine itself. how different is it driving a steam chain like this from say, a diesel or an electric train? 8401 production of the steam engine started in 1945. i do really to start one of these to fire up the furnace and get it up to a certain temperature and pressure for the us to get the train moving. the driver opens and closes valves, relying on gut feeling. some of there's no tech to assist to determine exactly how much team is needed to feed the engine and get it moving. exactly how much water on the cold, the years on this route. 12 hour shifts of the train consumes $3.00 to $4.00 tons of cool, and approximately $15.00 to $20.00 tons of water. simple. normally it's quite some think is the so, you know, i've seen the inside of the cabin and it seems a bit crumbs intuitive because it's all the dose from the coal on is quite

physically involved the way i quoted to you to it what drew it, to this work because the fact that when you drive a steam engine, you sort of fuel that has a soles fluid, it's kind of become one with it while driving. most folks and it's a whole different feeling. it's addictive. one day you realize that you want more and more of this film through action with the machine like this, this thing. and you don't get the feeling for more than trains probably around the most modern trains don't give you that feeling. they're totally different. it's a little how long does it take for you to learn to drive a steam train like this or re qualify? to be honest, because i have been working on this train for 10 years and this, and i'm still learning really because of that heavy trip is different from the train. they behave differently every time and you always have to be on the look out for any irregularities. the boy is ready to handle them and drive on to the goals and fight something you never stop learning to do so each team train behaves differently. so you have to get to know each train each has its own character. huh

. and do you have a favorite one? 0, so i can say i have a favorite ones here. they are all my favorites. you just have to figure out each of them and learn to control them. well that now we live in an age where we have a super modern comfortable electric trains. but what do you think still attracts people to steam things like this from a bygone era? do you think it's a certain sense of nostalgia romanticism? otherwise cool. well, i think the people who don't know their history have no future restore my life. people are attracted to the history of trains. the way the engines have developed. all the modern looking modems that we have and how originate from steam engines, in the face of sports, people want to know the history of how it all began with the 50 train rides might be over, but the magic doesn't, and the really is ending magic landscape is shrouded in ancient legends and missed a we've come to the scale. the melting pot, which has a rich mining is see. so let's dig deeper

the song. well, can you tell us about the landscape and currently, what does it tell us about the ancient geology of the region? one soft, familiar with the whole landscape was calm down by glassy eyes. sure. but it's quite incredible when you think about this year, more than 10000 years ago, degrees c, a words like powerful sand paper or cost file. i screwed them, then literally scraping away at the surface. so i'll play you have listed revealed . what do you all logistical to both x ray or any of that will defend a scan the windshield is it's known internationally with this pressure. it was these rocks and stones and minerals that created this amazing a pallet of colors and tanks. jessica authority, some of these stones have volcanic origins like mobile for example,

with these ones. let me see here. it's actually transformed deep underground where extreme he's been pressure created. these don't use the full folds and stripes. we think today, all sorts of ethnic groups live incorrectly. i'm what can you tell us about the relationship with this region and nature here, both past and present? what did you say to you this region, that same modem, 10 different peoples interacting across and vast distances for centuries, orders from this, it should, history goes back you more than a 1000 years on the floor. it relates to the off to the glassy of or treated noticed me with the 1st to settle here is though they like to move further north. the russians call them the potty. they hunted reindeer hunted and fish to what they were both. then came the koreans who were more agriculture oriented and quite industrious, unique of micro climate of this area, really shape tell these people's lives. yeah. because they had to live in harmony with nature. yeah. there was simply no other way to survive here on your cards or when it was a coke because somebody didn't say it's also a place where you can see how landscape shapes of people's mindset with the new

comers who settled here adapted to this reality. and just 10 to 15 or 20 years, we are drawing inspiration from the territories and eventually living just like true convenience because you live. i know that currently isn't just famous for its mobile light. this is also known as the land of a 1000 lakes. can we go and see some of them but you don't. yeah, so let me show you one of our lakes the . busy busy hacking, there was so many lakes in kind of in this the most of the next performed find the iglesia, which copped out huge grooves as it moved across the terrain. so the leg room level, that was groups and the data filled with water notion was that these lakes are

simply beautiful and never failed to inspire us. no, i sort of like the eyes of nature reflecting the sky above. how is the prevalence of so many bodies of water like this influence, local police, and folklore? and are there any stories you can tell us about it? of course, the human every body of water in camelia has its own guardian spirit as needed. and as a chief guardian, like a senior water spirits cooled up t, what's he's in charge of the whole territory deciding where fish should swim and who deserves a good catch. so it's good. hopefully you can be blessed with a good catch if you understand and h as low. so if you don't take more than you need to open your mind, if you live in harmony with your local lake, nice new if you don't live to got them all these police are still very much alive today. angelo to people really try to maintain that harmony with nature. you'll find those who break the rules associated with that well, but what they know makes it has its own harsh way of dealing with them. i hope it will defend. that's what we believe around here. how can we get them going? mm hm. so you mentioned the budget and roy had the wall to spirits i,

i've been in clearly a while now. i'm getting the feeling that the trees, the rocks, the wall to the old car. yes. so it's significant. so some people believe that the inhabited by spirits it will turn up as a whole, new family of mythical creatures here look. so she, we call them the monique's way across. it's an attempts to give a mountain twist to the old time belief in friendly spirits. i really don't. okay, will you tell me, please? i said just wait, but yes, let's go and meet them. let's simulate when we get to him. the pitcher is not me, don't you just a moment or you can, you can see symbolizes the wisdom contained in the scale. yeah. mountain box. nature. all part of got his name. and what is what kind of what piece i'd like to have for a reason to do so, his mission is to god the entrance to the underground world. right. let's go and take a look what the look. yeah. a while it's a,

this is the entrance to the scan caves deal. this very place is a full around a was a mountain called green mountain, a sniff, as you can see, there's little left of it because of decades of mobile mining. so what, i'm, what i now i said, yes, we go and see the caves inside the green mountain. let's go and take a closer look. it's an absolutely was seeing all the soviet unique underground caves in google scholar. what makes most of the special antoine cl for this is the very heart of the escape. the mountain pocket for the

entrance to the caves is actually sink to like a hot well to the sofa. it's the basing off of the area in every sense at the moment, and it's all new place of power. a place that inspires gross development of creativity . because this project has given a new life to the old risk and the mobile call raise as possible history on the account here, which is absolutely invaluable. and always taking the risk of the a mobile qualities was the name as the enterprise of mind to mobile back here in 1896. so this place is both about unique nature and technology. and it has this mesmerizing look to it, which makes it all nice to call the worldly and mysterious on i absolutely love and admire it every single time. i'm very proud of it to assume the, the,

the, the landscaping is dotted by giant boulders of unusual rock formations until they even say the giant's used to rome, the land to is that how the ancient people explains the landscape. so i used to be younger, so yes, as a legend about giants committed. so mysterious method, elaine and who are, who could easily pick up huge rocks and throw them around. so locals, so really and had to watch out for them. and so which them and then they had an alliance with people, according to one of the legends and helps the comedians move these huge boulders to the edges of the field support. and also there was even a period of co operation between the giants and regular people. yeah. but of course, that's a legend. although what's interesting is that there might've been something that gave rise to these belief. so i'll just go from here. but there are rumors that the archaeologist will offend, found an unusually total human scale. it's in her will though wherever is it, we don't know, but i know the idols may delta stone, ancient petra glanced,

and even maize is made up to stone. the local people have bestow special meaning onto the rocks here is due to a used in the they're all the so called magical rocks, rocks that are a life ethical have in house, at least that's what ancient people believe and use the for tools as a fellow of the korean science and research center, but i'm convinced that any ferita held on legend usually has a scientific explanation. yep. send the young some people and such as the subbing for godaddy and send to them, see them solely that central rock formations had special palace for him no longer if they made offerings to them, whatever talks to them. so the key thing about it was that old list allows people to explain the landscape personally. do not want to just i'm thinking it's not. i believes that we can safely say that these ancient rituals where in fact, pre causes of molten geology, the science about landscape and to rain man, monkey o griffey. and the risk of the mountain park is a unique place where we can talk about the history of mobile mining,

deal about ancient belief or near and about the present day life of korea, cordelia. the, the, the new year is just around the corner, and it's often a good time to reflect on the year just gone. and so wonder, well the next one has in store was take the guesswork out of it. we've come to the sides of an ng, some settlements of the some of the people here in colorado. yeah. well we hope to find out exactly what 2025 holds a month vision. the good,

who did the, the solve this as an ancient sites of the saw me. people are so you have a lot of these wooden totems on the ground say what does this symbolise? it's awesome. we saw many people has and pagans for a very long time. but even when christianity came to their lands, they officially adopted it, but remained pagans in their hearts at all. continuing to worship their ancient gods and ancestors and so on. and here we can see some of those gods, do you have cups? nobody me a for example me on gosh, here is a god that's half human, half reindeer. are these regarded as the for father of the saw me a pretty it's come. some of it will be so in a way the saw me and the reindeer are relatives. so i'm of. so as far as i know,

the saw me, they've been celebrates new year christmas like we do obviously is december had many people are preparing for those holidays. and when they did have a festival of the people snow, can you tell me about that? please let us know. of course in ancient times the saw me couldn't have had new year because back then they were a whole different nation with the different calendar and different traditions. now of course the saw me celebrate new year just like everyone else, but they also keep their agent tradition of celebrating pure snow day on january 7th, we'll start or on that day the saw me bathing snow to cleanse themselves from everything old, outdated, unnecessary, god, the words on that day, people also make a wish most for wish to come true. if you write it down and then burn that note in the fire they take, no, we can go to our fire and do just that. yep, perfect. so let's do it in the

computer slow, but you have this tradition where you have to write a wish on a bit of paper and then throw it into the flames. is there any specific way that i need to formulate this wish? can i wish for anything if i telephone about it? wish not then come through. uh, one you, oh no did 11 thing is to make your wish as detailed as possible. if you just say i want to be, have need to, we might just lose your mind and start smiling for no reason. so what's the sort of so you need to say exactly what makes you happy, almost as soon as easy. and of course, do not tell anyone what you wished for, so you don't drink, set it up with them in order for wish to come true on new jersey. no one casa the saw. many people, santa claus deluxe, the which is from people, and throws them into his magic fire, which has to be made in a cauldron. then the wishes are granted, obviously, but since money costs is not here yet, you for this has new years. eve is

a few weeks away. people can give their wishes to shopping. so model, i'm ready. i'm ready. the glad you to then put your wish into the showman. this drum? no, i'm steve. oh yeah. a leah and i will call on the spirits of the north, south, east and west each. and now we confirm the piece of paper with your wish. can you flush those eye piece close to us? all right, so where did this tradition come from? most of the belief surrounding they've got a flock of sing though, the fire hear it has always been considered to be a messenger between the earth and the sky. because the smoke rises up and reaches

the spirits and gods this way, they hear us. so sacrifices were often thrown into the fire in the old days and to make your wish come true, we have frontier note, and that's good to float up to the sky. now that's high and it goes straight to the upper world. that's super, that's the one that is so say could to the saw me people cause good. we saw me say that we are reindeer people because reindeer help us create our homes. they are transportation, our clothes are food or medicine and our souls to be emotional. in fact, in ancient times, the saw me covered their houses or crew locks us with reindeer skins. they made clothes for me, skins treated diseases with the blood of the reindeers of you and their antlers fun . and naturally their diet also consisted of reindeer meat and reindeer milk or the new. so the saw me, people's whole lives revolve around, granger, new blood. without them, they would be completely different and not all of them. mm hm. now this month's or

jago, as it's called, the silly me until this most. but i also believe that he has health benefits for humans as well. what makes it so special? uh yeah. get it. yeah, go is the favorite suit, me but it's not the only. so he said they also have tree bark and grass. but the reindeer little moss contains all the nutrients and vitamins, they need that much and we'll go live all the and the saw me themselves also makes yegell through. so it's a great remedy for costs and colds. it was through me and system will more you can add the brute to t or drink it as it is a the, the, the, this is from coach of fortunes heading to in korea. i see we have some students here on the table with symbols on what does these useful?

if the engine that's good, these are scandinavian rooms. they can be made of stone phones or pieces of wood on the side. what matters are the symbols depicted on them. if you want, we can give it a try. probe, which forget but well, you read my thoughts that was going through the next question and we'll just 2025. how the in store for all programs in lung patients? me move away at the the what do you do is ask the spirits are god's your question to the answer after all. and then without looking, you take 3 rooms out of the bag. okay. if i chose, any of them call out to you, then take the rooms out and place them here, the area. mm hm. what does this come about next year? or the wow, you've got to see, she wrote me a bit and represents wealth and doing that. so whatever you need, we'll definitely come to you this year and i move, i'm pretty much the most, whether it's intellectual wealth,

material or spiritual and whichever you need to hold. oh, got it. so the notion of boy did, wow, i mean, so he's the best one to pick out. well, really, so neither good nor bad. put in this case. yes, this is a good one, but we'll certainly take that the next to the doc donna. now the 2nd one is the canals room. it's the room as in our fire, the fire in your heart, and the fire of creativity works the way it's about having passion for what you do and the ability to share the same sparks with other people. so it brings within them to was very appropriate for our show rooms to create a c o b box. but let's see what the 3rd one brings us will not uh, this is the root of the wild, so called the loose. this room signifies strength and health on energy and the ability to push through any obstacle and work towards your goal was these are all very nice rooms. i'm very happy with those boons really slow. and thank you so much

for sending me more about the, the codes of the some of the people in cordelia. and i'd like to wish you all the very best for 2025 as well. thank you. the

a when i was wrong. just don't you have to say about the application and engagement because the trails when so many find themselves will support. we choose to look for common ground. the test the year is being coming from. administration continues to believe it can end the conflict in ukraine from penny as people are beginning to understand. ending this conflict is more difficult than starting a war. the problem is moscow cube and washington wants different outcomes.

the, the head of the world health organization escapes a near miss as israel bombs, b m, and international airport. the one of his planes crew members was part. this is a group controlling the airport condemned israel for targeting civilians. the, this is really attack is evidence of their military bankruptcy because they resort to targeting civilian targets such as airports, the ports and power stations come all on one hospital workers are among the 50 victims are part of the killed in is really airstrikes on northern guys. it will, we are panama is solver and over its territory in the canal is part of that territory . outrage and panama arrives outside the.