the wild bank, many people do not know, but what is now called the wild trades organization was also muted at that time. but of course, what we know is the general agreement on top of all got these institutions was dominated, created and still dominated. by the way i'm, that is why they are full. when the pre became an idea and it must be said that the idea was from a conversation by another width and a goodman sucks. who came for the 1st time and talked about imagining economies, particularly the economist or need, who talked about fixed them in brownsville, russia, india, on china. between 200 the 2000, the 200112009. there are many activities with the fust imagine meeting taking place in the 2009 under of cost in the

12102011 south africa was admitted and it was no longer brief but bricks and then i was asking myself, what was the reason behind this suggestion that this should be on economic broke or couldn't economic but you know, not the brits. the reason must be understood in the context of history in the context of history to mean that many african countries it was terminated by western institutions. so that you had a goodman such as is a low man convention which was between the african countries on 03 and union. outside of below may convention, you are convention site to the quarter new convention. and aside from that, we also, so that the, i am,

i am mess and the log bunk. what very dominant in african countries, particularly during the 1908, is under what was then referred to as this structural adjustment. during the structural adjustment, i am asked on the wired phone came to the us with the economies on what they did was to make economic prescriptions from which african countries of nobody covered. it is when economy is which are not in the fast wired, so to speak, started to emerge as money from shutting economies. they started to a much as made j economies that it became sensible to begin to talk about these imagine economies as the count, the way the i m f under was brazil was beginning to emerge as an economy which was industrialized even mexican jets. india was beginning to

emerge as being very domain and in the wild of technology in the computer, china was also imagine as the manufacturing hub or i share of cause had been, had bought because of its a military capability among other things. and also its ability to leverage on technology. so those why the not federal the stones upon which the new economic order would rest. but africa was being exploded. and because of the go was being excluded the question then i rose. how do you involve off with gun with south africa, which was the domain, not the economy at that time. a said that they were interested in these arrangement . there was then i missed it. of course there was then the question at, at that time whether you wanted to admit the nigeria, but nigeria zip code of me would not as sophisticated as south africa's economy. so

i'm even talked about the admission of egypt at that time. but in those, on the days as we know, it is south africa that was admitted and we now talk of, but it's the question that is, what is the value? if any of critics to the continent of africa. i hold the view that brooks provides a great opportunity for african countries to look at the front of me is from a different standpoint, many african economies are still a good area. and if i'm permitted to use that word, you want to look at the economies that are going to make africa go through what i call the lot that they agree. carter i agree under pollution, the india can provide that technology. russia can provide that the lower technology through the foster allies schemes china can provide that grantsville can do that.

if you go into the fishing system, trying not to do that. brazil can do that. in other words, these are countries that have appropriate technology, which can be deployed in the continental wasik if you leave the car, just secretary in the energy sector. right now, if you look at a country like china, it generates more electricity than on african countries combined. we need that, that knowledge in order to improve a, the hydro electricity generation g o samo. we need to have high, we need to have solar. we need to have wind and is not lost on me. the china is indeed the home of most of these solar panels. we need that. we need also to have our infrastructure. and once again, these are countries that have the know how,

because in the reason 1st they have succeeded in ensuring that the economies are lifted from above. and we don't talk about this as often as we should. but in the last 2 years, china has been able to lift no less than 800000000 of the population outside of it. we also need, as i've said, to go into this space of industrialization and when you talk about industrialization is not lost on me. the right now, the russians in negotiations with the new city and for purposes of deploying min, nuclear, this knowledge, a nuclear technology, is going to be very useful when we need reliable power. they also in negotiations all a while to get into negotiations with book enough for so on the molly for nuclear technology. and i think the that is very significant. the russians are also going to be negotiation, as they already stated, in searching to trust 5,

the necessary technology. they had, the thing is uh, in the area of competency donation. we all know what happened in 1900 done 72. i remember as a young man, there was at that time the for an minutes though $4.63 of the united states, henry kissinger, and there was on a so d, o a minute stucco ship is lucky jamante. and at that time, that is when the quantum, the of the wire, the was a dollar eyes on, through the doing that or i is vision all the international economy, the whole idea of the pit for a girl that came about as i speak to you now on my see does may very well be conservative, almost 80 percent 7, something between 70 to 80 percent of international trade is the time in nathan in the united states dollar. in other words, i'm in nairobi, kenya,

and i use a visa card or american express. it is expressed in don't let them know the words. the banking system internationally is controlled by the west. it is swift. swift may be registered in belgium. but if i'm transferring money from, after i am gonna have to legacy nigeria, it must go through a corresponding bank in new york before it comes back. that is a how domain and the international money for the system is got to see of the west. and if you're not dealing with the sift you are dealing with the i bond. and if you're not feeling the soft kind of behind the curtains in the was us talking dollars. you are talking euro. you are talking about the styling, phone a. and as somebody said, when the american dollars sneeze,

this african cutting says, go into a coma. the brooks, in my view on now saying that we've got to have a payment system that is going to the dollar eyes though i, economies so that our economies are not dependent on the united states dollars. and in fact, we do know as the fact that almost anything between 40 to 50 percent of the united states dollars is circulating outside of the united states of america. bricks does provide an opportunity for countries within the continent of africa to trade using the carter. this is, and i know for example that the india and india on the tons and yeah, i've already started the tried to trade in there will be, i know, exam b, i also tried to trade in that you want. but the whole idea is that, you know, have

a bus get the car and says, i didn't that way with the dollar eyes though i, economies on when we did dollar eyes or economies, it means that we are going to be much more in control of law says in control of inflation and or those are the things that are necessary you for calling them is active girl for the benefit of the people back to what the challenges going forward already they are mary sounds jittery of the i get 30 because the bricks is ex funded, today the bricks country is combined. have large a quantum me then western europe combined as that these yeah. the brooks economy is controlled, that is 6 percent of the economy and the bricks or other, the western countries control only 27 percent. and that is increase it, because many african countries are now saying we want to join and we want to john

brooks and countries such as an idea and other event in the arab world. i joining the brits and if the western world is not very careful, then brooks is the next big thing in town, even if it is not. it does not look like it now. but what do headwind the western world is already resisting? as they already saying they are going to sanction you. so is the, what one of the choices is, sanctions, the already going to say that we are going to impose tar, if a non target battery is only a goods. they already go saying that we are going to ensure that we deny you access to credit through institutions such as the math. and there was another thing that they are doing is that many western countries are now acquiring interest in african development bunk and is not lost on me that often a jenny,

the 2nd largest shareholder in the african development bank, is the united states of america. the germans are the, the jump on these uh the, the british uh the, the franchise. yeah. and as i've said, the different, for the honest within development bank is in danger of being on the african bank by name only. because it is fundamentally controlled by those shareholders. so this is going is not going to be easy. there's going to be divide and rule. and i suspect that a number of african countries are going to be don't we prepare for, give you a debt if you don't joined the books, but i owed the view when i put this cane that breaks. if we remain faithful to reach the agenda, provide us with a concrete with an opportunity to participate in on economic order with the on the fund on which they participate in from us on point of respect. and as for

dr. members, as opposed to institutions sides of the math on the word bunk, which was created when african countries was still on the colonial you'll speaks, is the way to go. i hope, and pray. that particular succeed, difficulties will exist, but those difficulties can be conflicted into opportunities. conversation around africa continues apace, but let us have a break. we see you in a short while, the

now there are many places in the world where you can say you're on the divide between the 2 oceans and the you might not think kids. what does this, hey, and what is northern or found guest vision in the can or is that us and national park? and today's, we know the was a software systems taking a deep side interest, which because of the

i m p a room, but he uh, power dies gardens in campbell county in the republic of kenya as we continue with our conversations about the continent of africa and today we focus on a country that has the rich history historians at one time referred to ha, as i've seen you, but known to most of the as a field on one of this great is claims to fame is that it is a country that was never colonized that is not to mean that there are no attempts to colonize ish. there was, and after the violin conference in 18841885, the pin flour that made every effort to call.