polish-lithuanian commonwealth. with their help, the impostor was granted an audience with the polish king sigismund ii. it took place on march 15, 1604 at wawel castle. the king listened with sympathy to the legend of the false dmitry, giving him a gold chain with his portrait as a parting gift and allocating several thousand florins to fight the usurper godunov. in this game, the polish king swede by origin had his own interests. dzigismund ii. this is the crowned sovereign of sweden and poland. what did he want when he went to war against russia? here is his family dynastic interest. eh, for him, russia is the key to the final victory over sweden , the return not of the polish-lithuanian commonwealth of livonia, but for himself personally of the swedish throne. to

the chagrin of sigismund ii, the majority of polish magnates opposed interference in russian affairs. chancellor ian zamoyski called the false dmitry a character from an ancient comedy. after this, the sandamir voivode yuri mnishik became the main support of the impostor. this nosy and greedy nobleman hoped to make good money from the resurrected son of ivan. grozny to settle accounts with debts to the treasury. mnishiko decided to reinforce the financial alliance with the future russian tsar with a family alliance, marrying the impostor to his daughter marina. on may 16, 1604, lyzhe dmitry entered into a secret agreement with yuri mnishik. according to it, he was obliged to pay his father-in-law after ascending the

russian throne a million polish coins. maria mniszech was also entitled to all kinds of jewelry, velvet and silverware from the moscow treasury. the cities of veliky novgorod and pskov with all the people were declared hereditary vodchina, where she could freely build catholic churches, schools and monasteries. in addition, mniszech forced his future son-in-law to sign another agreement. according to it, the impostor promised to give the polish governor the eternal possession of 14 russian cities, smolensk and seversk lands. on april 17, 1604, lodge dmitry secretly converted to catholicism in one of the jesuit churches in krakow. after that he wrote a letter. pope clement vi, in

which he promised, if he came to power, to promote the reunification of the moscow state with the true roman church. u dimitar the pretender did not have the slightest chance to maintain his position on the russian throne and change the course of events. it was doomed from the very beginning, between you and me, i suspect that most of the polish elite, who were promised large incomes. if they support and who would not mind making money on this, precisely for that reason, i will not support him, because all the lions of sapieha and krzystofer adivila perfectly understood that the matter was hopeless, in the fall of 1604, the false dmitry, at the head of 3,000 warriors, moved to chernigov. boris godunov sent troops to meet him, which were almost destroyed the army. impostor, but the massive

transition of the population of the cities to the side of the resurrected tsarevich dmitry predetermined the outcome of the struggle that had begun. the people and boyars turned away from tsar boris, who died suddenly in april 1605. the people were expecting a legitimate king, and in fact, they believed that demetrius was the legitimate king, this is the king who should be after ivan the terrible, after fedor. as for the elite, the elite, of course, looked at these things much more cynically, they hoped to use the impostor as a tool for the overthrow of godunov, as a tool in order to overthrow godunov and subsequently ascend to the throne either by shuisky or someone else, that is , one of the representatives of the highest moscow nobility. on june 20, 1605, lyzhe dmitry under the bell of he triumphantly entered

moscow, but he did not have to reign for long; in just 11 months he would be overthrown as a result of a bloody coup. this will happen almost immediately after his noisy, pompous wedding with marina mnishek. the wedding of false dmitry and marina mnishik took place in assumption cathedral of the moscow kremlin on may 8, 166 . here, in the presence of the boyars of the people , patriarch ignatius placed the royal crown, cross and gold monomava chain on the daughter of the polish governor. at the end of the ceremony. an incident that caused murmurs among the clergy and the assembled muscovites. the couple refused a second anointing, which would have meant a conversion to orthodoxy for marina mniszech. this refusal cost the false dmitry his life, and his wife

the russian throne. marina mnishek's apparent reluctance to accept orthodoxy and observe russian customs only. added fuel to the smoldering fire of general discontent; the people were especially irritated by the behavior of the polish guests who flooded the capital. they entered orthodox churches without taking off their hats, rattling their weapons and loudly swearing at the russian service. at night, the poles reveled noisily, after which they beat passers-by and raped them; among those raped there was even a fight. daughter, who loved the luxury of his pen, the impostor arrogantly brushed off all warnings; during the feast, he

compared himself with alexander the great, spent a huge amount of money on maintaining the outfits of his foreign bodyguards, in a country that had not yet recovered from famine..." he ordered a new palace to be built for himself in the kremlin. on one of the pens, he preludely cursed segismund ii for refusing to recognize his imperial title. at the end of his stormy life, the impostor was planning a military campaign against the turks , which was supposed to bring him world fame. demetrius made a lot of mistakes, as a ruler, he was an amateur. like any person who strives for power, he promised everything to everyone, he promised the boyars, the nobles and the peasants, a heavenly life, just give me power, everything will be, when he received power, he gave nothing to anyone, on the morning of may 17

, 1606, the alarm bell sounded throughout moscow, at the head of the conspiracy boyar vasily shuisky stood opposite the impostor, and together with him, the nobles entered the kremlin and rushed to the royal palace. when the conspirators appeared, the foreign guards fled. the only one who tried to defend the false dmitry was boyarin pyotr basmanov. he was killed right on the porch, along with the few who remained loyal to the king people. after this, the way to the rest of the palace was open. hearing the noise of the crowd, the impostor rushed to the sword. he was not there; the keeper of the royal weapons was also part of the conspiracy. having run out of the room into the corridors of the alzhe palace, dmitry only had time to shout to his wife: my heart is betrayal, then he jumped out of the window into the courtyard, was badly hurt and lost consciousness. having woken up, the impostor tried to find protection

from the archers who surrounded him, but was killed by the conspirators who arrived in time. marina mnishik managed to escape. hiding in the wide skirt of one of the court ladies. on the same day about 500 poles and lithuanians were killed in moscow. after some time, the body of the false dmitry was burned, a cannon was loaded with his ashes and fired towards poland. the boyars saw the impostor as their own costumed doll, which they kept on the throne for a while, then threw it out in the backyard; it was only baked in a polish oven and fermented in moscow. vasily klyuchevsky. the russian troubles, it is total, in general the whole thing, everything collapses,

instantly and irrevocably, it would seem, well, by the way, everything is also being restored at once, piece by piece russia is not dying and not is restored, it does not die, or it all dies at once or it is all restored at once, after the murder of the false dmitry , the head of the conspirators , boyarin vasily shuisky, was proclaimed the new russian tsar, according to klyuchevsky. yes, you can’t lie, intrigued. upon ascending the throne, he promised to judge everyone truthfully, but the people, seeing the hypocrisy of the boyars, no longer believed any promises. the country was divided into warring camps, which, rising under the banners of one or the other, the legitimate king, began a merciless civil war. mechanism russia's entry into turmoil... is always approximately the same. the first and main thing is general discontent, popular dissatisfaction

with their situation, when this situation is really deteriorating sharply. the second is distrust of the authorities. the third condition of unrest is the struggle of boyar clans. the struggle between these powerful aristocratic groups, which are literally ready to give up half of russia to foreigners, just to seize the throne, just to get supreme power, to enjoy it and take advantage of those benefits. which she well, finally, intervention, interference from outside, this is obvious , when a country is weakening, then the introduction of force immediately tries to strengthen this devastation, take over some areas, bring this country under their control, this is a common occurrence when a country enters into turmoil. in the spring of 1607, a new impostor appeared in the polish-lithuanian commonwealth. he will go down in history under the name of false dmitry ii. he managed

to reach moscow and set up camp in tushino. after this, dual power was established in the country for almost 2 years. one government held a meeting in the kremlin, another in the camp of tushinsky thief. some nobles managed to run over to one side or the other several times, trying to gain benefits. from both governments, they were popularly called flights. all this time, numerous armed gangs of false dmitry ii, consisting of foreign mercenaries, cossacks and runaway slaves, robbed and burned russian cities. on september 23, 1608, they besieged the trinity sergius lavra. the enemies were counting on lesovsky’s armies and the sopegi only resisted about

300 russian soldiers. to the enemy’s ultimatum , the defenders of the lavra responded: our hope is the holy trinity, the mother of god is looking for the wall, saints sergei and nikonas are ascetics, we are not afraid. from that moment on, unprecedented violence began. a sixteen-month defense of the monastery, which was marked by many feats and miracles. according to legend, on october 23 , 1608, the monk sergius appeared in a dream to the sexton irinarch and warned him that the enemies would launch a night assault from the direction of the beer yard. the governors immediately sent additional forces there. 2 days later at night poles. they actually launched an assault in this very place and were repulsed with enormous

damage to them. in the troitsky cathedral, all the defenders of the lavra took an oath before the relics of st. sergius of radonish, and kissed the cross in order to sit under siege without treason. those who went to the walls confessed. for six weeks, the enemies continuously fired at the lavra from 63 cannons, trying to destroy the walls and set fire to the monastery, but they failed to do this. the laurels are holy russia as such, therefore the defense of the laurels had primarily spiritual significance,

because, strictly speaking, this international rabble that came under the walls of the lavra, it was a rabble, just as in any turmoil, in any revolution, a rabble always gathers, they wanted, first of all, to overthrow holy russia, trample it, if only they could managed to do, let’s imagine for a second such an impossible thing, what sadness would have filled the hearts of our compatriots? despite their small numbers, the defenders of the lavra not only successfully repulsed all the assaults, but also more than once committed daring ones. during one of them they managed to discover and blow up a tunnel that the enemies were making under the walls of the monastery. then the polish military commanders decided to take the laurel from the moram. the monastery was overcrowded with refugees from surrounding villages. there weren't enough rooms for everyone. many lived on the streets, eating only crackers. in november 1608

. due to the great boredom of the people and the lack of running water , a tsenga epidemic began in the monastery; in six months it claimed the lives of more than 2,000 warriors and eight hundred ynks. by the thirteenth month of the siege , only 200 people remained in the lavra capable of holding weapons, but the enemy was unable to break into the monastery . after 16 months, the enemies retreated from the monastery, admitting their defeat. at the same time, archimandrite lavry dionysius and kel avram and palitsen wrote letters calling on the people to come to their senses and save the fatherland. meanwhile,

to russia, engulfed in civil war. more and more disasters struck: the hordes of the crimean khan invaded it from the south, and in september 1609 the polish king sigismund ii besieged smolensk. the pope sent sigismund a sword consecrated in the vatican, blessing the crusade against schismatics, this is how orthodox believers were called in the polish-lithuanian commonwealth. and their heretics. in his station wagon, the polish king declared that he had come to give the russian people peace of mind and demanded that the population of smolensk greet him with bread and salt. in response, the city's residents took up arms and declared that they would rather die than submit to foreign invaders. sigismund was fanatically devoted

to catholicism, and considered medieval spain as a model. with its inquisitions, with all the outrages, he did not envisage for russia no other role than this semblance of the islands of westindia captured by the spaniards, no unions, no inclusions, nothing, only enslavement. on october 12, 1609 , the royal army stormed the fortress. smolensk fortifications. the enemies managed to destroy the abraham gate, but they were never able to break into the city. the defenders of smolensk fought to the death. smolensk is a special city in russian history, it is the city of klyuch, and, as a matter of fact, the residents

of smolensk felt this and were accustomed to perceiving themselves as defenders of all of russia behind russia's back. and when polish troops appear, when these foreign soldiers, foreign warriors appear, they automatically lock themselves in their city and say: no, we will not yield, we will not give up our city to any strangers. on july 17, 1610, as a result of another boyar conspiracy, tsar vasily shuisky was overthrown from the throne. power. the boyar duma, which included seven of the most noble moscow nobles, took control of the country. the people called this provisional government the seven boyars. almost immediately between her members began a struggle over who would become the new russian tsar. the candidacies of the golitsins and

romanovs were rejected. having failed to come to an agreement among themselves, members of the boyarshchina family. to call the polish prince vladislav to the russian throne. with the help of this intrigue, they hoped to maintain their power, gain new privileges and restore order in the country with the help of foreign troops. on august 6, 1610 , the text of the treaty was delivered to hetman zhalkevsky, the next day the boyars led by fyodor mstislavsky took the oath to the new king, vladislav. polish troops occupied the moscow kremlin, and mstislavsky was awarded the rank of servant and konyushev by the polish king. however, it soon became clear that sigismund ii himself was not averse to becoming the russian tsar. he did not let his son go to russia

and demanded that the moscow ambassadors immediately surrender smolensk. the boyars obediently prepared a letter to the besieged garrison demanding that they lay down their arms, but patriarch germagen categorically refused it. sign, despite the fact that boyar solttykov threatened him with a knife. the russian ruling elite, formerly in total, the boyar aristocracy, by the beginning of the 16th century, was experiencing terrible decay. the reason, the main reason, historians believe is complete moral dissolution during the reign of ivan the terrible, the transformation of noble aristocratic families into cattle, fear for one’s own skin, readiness... to bow down to not only the tyrant tsar, but also to his temporary workers, who appeared from nowhere, and in this situation, the desire to quickly

grab as much as possible to protect oneself, it worked when a polish prince was nominally named to the russian throne, in in 1611, swedish troops invaded russia from the north and captured it. that same summer, after a twenty-month heroic defense , smolensk fell. on june 3, 1611, the poles attacked smolensk simultaneously from four sides. in the area of ​​​​the karolashevsky tower, they managed to blow up part of the fortress wall. by this time , there were no more than four hundred healthy people left in the city capable of fighting. shein with fifteen soldiers defended himself to the last in the kolomenskaya tower, where he was wounded and taken prisoner. the last defenders of smolensk blew up

themselves along with the gunpowder warehouses located in the citadel. in the same year, the attempt of the ryazan governor prokoffy lepunov to liberate the capital ended in failure. the first militia he assembled could not take it. strengthening the china city, lepunov himself was killed as a result of a conspiracy. moscow, set on fire by the poles during a spontaneous uprising of city residents, burned to the ground. meanwhile, a third impostor has appeared in the north of the country. to contemporaries there was turmoil and it seemed that they were present at the end of the world. the fatherland and the church perished. cattle dogs they lived in altars, played dice on icons, and tore babies from their mothers’ hands and

smashed them against stones. it seemed that the russians no longer had either a soul or faith, that the state, infected with a moral ulcer , was ending in terrible convulsions. nikolai karamzin. congratulations, movies on weekends, you know, as people say, they embroider like a wedge, and rightly so, by the way, they say it’s right, and the sooner i forget you, i’m nobody to me, you hear me, nobody, remember this once and for all, you still love him, how to heal the broken heart, mom, i want to marry... ksyusha, i love her, did you think that people would say, at first one, he was friends with her, now another one is going to marry, where to find cures for

loneliness, daughter, they came to you there, if it didn't work out with the eldest, we'll marry the younger one, a recipe for love, premiere, today on rtr. we gathered about ten people in the first group, there were short calls, we are going to donetsk, you are with us, yes, when my fighters came running, they carried me, another shelling began, they laid me down, lay on top of me, one bullet still is in me, let’s say it’s my trophy, we were hungry then, and here comes my grandmother, hungry herself, but she’s carrying this kurbulka. they say: baby, feed the dogs, lend a helping hand, olga and i decided that we need to take the guys in, i

came across people like that. not indifferent, support in word, hello, dear soldier and deed, without your help you would not have survived, only ours can, honor and praise to you, what you do is simply amazing, from tuesday to thursday, on rtr, i have to ask you to write resignation letter, why, we look at it on holidays. seryozha, hello, i’ll call you back, the fact that i’m with her is mostly your fault, svetlana smirnova martsinkevich, i promise you, i will have a new job and you and i will rent a normal apartment, evgenia dmitrieva, i want to introduce the new one employee, elizaveta aleksandrovna, our director of happiness, well, not out of misfortune, pavel borshak , a girl left me, and i’m always waiting for her to return,

there’s no need to hold on to the past, let go, happiness is given to those who know that with him do, i really like you, lisa is the love of my life, will you marry me, director of happiness, today on rtr, in finland, he really doesn’t like... remembering the monstrous crimes committed during the second world war. the most loyal comrades of the nazis, the finnish army had equipment from almost all of europe. it seems that all of europe wanted the finnish army, together with the german army, to defeat the soviet union. they built great finland, robbing, torturing and killing. finland pursued a pronounced policy of genocide. they are still she didn’t admit to anything and didn’t repent. regarding my claim, the answer was that

finland did not commit war crimes. film by alexey denisov. the finnish authorities planned to completely get rid of the entire russian population in the territories annexed to greater finland. the ghost of greater finland is a crime without punishment. finland is making a tragic mistake by joining the nato bloc. when they fought with russia, they were always defeated. premiere on monday on rtr. how did this all happen? where did it all start? how does she sing? what is your name? did they ruin the country with these hands? how to live with this now?

and why is all this, you and i, why, how did it all happen, how did it all start, this is sunstroke, sunstroke - a film by nikita mikhalkov, on monday on rtr, we are watching. to know everything about russia, the best historical series, watch, watch, in the app or on the website, the salvation of russia came from nizhny novgorod. it was here that a man appeared who became

soul and heart. liberation movement, his name was kuzma minin. one of the reasons, why nizhny became the center of resistance, it is a rich trading and merchant city. a passat that understood its interests. pasat, who was numerous and quite wealthy, really did not want to lie down with the sub-interventionists. people who were conscious and understood what this threatened them with would burst into the city, troops, no matter whose polish, lithuanian, god, their cossacks, scum, field commanders, who would take the city for 3 days, they would break your own head, they would let your wife go around, and the children will be kicked out into the cold, what they stood in to prevent that’s it, you’ll already give everything away. according to legend

, in september 1611, kuzma minin addressed the people of nizhny novgorod with a famous speech: if we want to help the moscow state, then we will not spare our property, not just our bellies, but our yards... historians are still arguing about about where, when and how minin pronounced his historical words, whether it was in the zemskaya hut or on the square, which the artist makovsky depicted in his famous painting. today this no longer matters much. the main thing is that minin’s call was heard for the salaries of military men, nizhny novgorod residents donated not only personal belongings, but also voluntarily paid a fifth of money from all property income.

as for the notorious phrase, we will pawn the wives of our children, of course it’s a little different, we were talking about mortgaging property, that they vouched for the family property for the fact that the money would be paid, but i draw attention to a very important point, it was a loan, it was loan, the fathers were later paid this money, and the government of mikhail romanov, until, probably, until the beginning of the 630s, calculated on this loan with the richest merchants, including the stroganovs, they were paid every penny , unfortunately, we know almost nothing about minin himself; on his grave, which is shown to tourists and pilgrims today in the archangel cathedral of the nizhny novgorod kremlin, there is only... a year death, it is only known that he was a zemstvo elder and enjoyed enormous authority among his fellow countrymen. contemporaries respected kozma minin not only for

his exceptional honesty, but for his rare generosity. after the liberation of moscow from the poles, it was he who was tasked with observing for the confiscated property of those who served as a foreign occupier. children and wives and traitors, who find themselves on the street literally without food and clothing, will receive help from minen that will allow them to survive. we don’t know exactly where and when minin was born; no reliable documents on this matter have been preserved. as for the meat trade, which he was engaged in, for a century this profession was very difficult and sometimes even risky. minin brought scott from the nagai steppes; only a very brave person could do this. attacks on trade caravans in those places

were commonplace. like many nizhny novgorod merchants, minin was most likely fluent in various types of weapons and was able to stand up for himself. i think that the appearance of minin just indicates that our people are capable of self-government, that they can create their own power structures, that they are not some kind of people of slaves who are just waiting until they are given a command from above, do do it one way or another. indeed, for many centuries the autocracy weaned the russian people from independence, from initiative, but nevertheless all this remained, all this remained, and at critical moments in russian history, this creative work of the russian people seemed to be revealed. before the revolution, the crypt with the remains of kozma minin was located in the transfiguration cathedral, the main cathedral church of nizhny novgorod. unfortunately, to this day, neither the historical

tomb nor the crypt itself have survived. in the fall of 1929, the transfiguration church stood on this site. was destroyed, it was destroyed to make way for the construction of the house of the soviets, a gray standard buildings in the spirit of constructivism. along with the temple, the tomb of kozma minin was also destroyed; the act of opening the minin crypt, drawn up by a commission headed by the historian archivist ivan vishnevsky, was preserved. this act is the only official document about the fate of minin’s remains that we have today. it states that only a few adult bones were found in the crypt , interspersed with the bones of an unknown

child. this gave ivan vishnevsky a reason to declare that minin’s original remains were discovered by him in the demolished sorrow church, but no one supported this version of the archivist. it is interesting that the fate of the machines of another leader of the nizhny novgorod militia, the prince. his family tomb was located in susdal on the territory of the savior efimevsky monastery. the chapel tomb of prince pozharsky in the spaso-efimievsky monastery was destroyed in 1933. the carara marble from which it was made was sent to moscow to be used for finishing the house

of the soviets; the site of pozharsky’s grave itself was lost. the chapel was restored in 2009. the first time pozharsky’s grave nearly disappeared was back in the 16th century, when the monks dismantled the ancient tomb for its dilapidation. the new tomb of pozharsky was erected by personal order of emperor nicholas ii using public donations. as you know, prince pozharsky was invited to lead the second militia on the initiative of kuzma minin. dmitry mikhailovich came from an ancient family of old princes. he was a successful , experienced military commander. pozharsky was not

noticed for theft, in the medieval sense of the word, that is, he never participated in no intrigues in favor of the interventionists, did not serve foreigners, this moment is actually very important in those conditions, almost everyone, almost everyone, was stained, pozharsky was a rare exception. before the campaign against moscow, dmitry mikhailovich pozharsky made a special stop at the spas-efimievsky monastery to venerate the graves of his parents. the prince himself and his family constantly donated rich gifts to the monastery. many of them were kept in his tomb chapel until 1917. after the revolution on the territory of the savior ifimievsky monastery. during the great

during the patriotic war, german prisoners of war were kept here, including marshal paulus captured in stalingrad. from the former tomb of prince pozharsky , only a few marble fragments have reached us, and this is a mosaic icon of the savior. the second mosaic with the image of the virgin mary disappeared without a trace. patriarch hermogenes became the spiritual inspirer of the nizhny novgorod militia. according to legend, when the poles and russian traitors demanded that he write to the people of nizhny novgorod so that they would not go to moscow, the patriarch replied: blessed be those who go to cleanse the moscow state. after this, he was starved to death and died in captivity in the winter of 1612. the main forces

of the nizhny novgorod militia set out on a campaign on february 23, 1612. according to various sources, the initial strength of the liberation army was small, from 3 to 500 people. having passed this square, the militia descended to the volga and did not go to moscow. to yaroslavl. minin pozharsky did not choose this route by chance. in the north, which suffered less from the turmoil, the leaders of the liberation movement expected to receive additional reinforcements, weapons and grain supplies. everyone who wanted to help was accepted into the militia. to the dying fatherland. volunteers from

russian cities were joined by detachments of mordovians, bashkirs and kasimov tatars. in yaroslavl, where the militia stood for 4 months, a unique body took over power functions - the council of the whole land. in essence, it was a full-fledged people's government. which consisted of people of very different incomes and origins, was united by their desire to give the tormented country law and security. where there is no protection from the government, there is no access to it obedience, nikolai kharamzin. in july 1612 , minin and pozharsky set out for moscow.

here they met the remnants of the first militia under the command of the prince. on august 21 , the army of hetman khotkevich came from the west to the rescue of the polish-lithuanian garrison. it consisted of professional mercenaries and the famous polish hussars. the battle for moscow began on august 22, 1612. trying to break through to the kremlin, hetmand khatkevich threw himself against the russians. prefabricated units of the hungarian infantry and polish cavalry. a brutal battle that escalated into a bloody hand-to-hand fight in the evening the fight lasted 13 hours. at the height of the battle, the polish garrison made a sortie

from the kremlin, striking the russian militia in the rear, but this attack was repulsed. the final turning point in the battle was... five selected noble cavalry hundreds, which pozharsky allocated to trubetskoy the day before. seeing the massacre that had begun, they, without waiting for an order, rushed to the aid of their own and overthrew the enemy infantry. during the battle for moscow, khatkevichno. to battles in the open field, but here i had to face an opponent who used tactics street fight. we had to fight in the cramped streets near the kremlin, which is why it all ended that way. khotkevich made a second attempt to break into the kremlin 2 days later. his

troops managed to capture part of moskvorechye and push back the russians. there are both sides in this battle. showed unprecedented tenacity. some positions changed hands several times. during one of the fights, pozharsky was wounded. by the end of the day, khatkevich managed to get closer to the kremlin, but his troops, having suffered huge losses, literally collapsed from fatigue. 24 august kozma minin came to the prince’s tent. and the enemy. take whoever you want - he replied and suggested that he strike the weakened wounded pozharsky. having taken the three best noble hundreds and a detachment of rodr khmelevsky, minyun himself led the warriors into the attack. this sudden blow decided the outcome of the battle for moscow.

i don’t know how this happened, but kuzmami still found some words, a wonderful negotiator and expert on human souls, or maybe just a personal example, he was just the first to rise, at that moment the psychology of a service man, a trading man goes to attack, and we are sitting, they rose up after him in the last decisive battle, almost all of them lay down there. this cavalry attack turned the tide of the battle. khatkevich retreated. however, there was still a long way to go before the turmoil was completely overcome. trubetskoy's detachments were supplied much worse than the troops of minin and pozharsky, so the cossacks began to attack the convoys of the second

militia and demand immediate payment of wages. the tushens even offered to kill prince pozharsky. the collapse of the liberation army, the monks of the trinity lavra of st. sergius offered trubetskovy to the cossacks as pawning sacred vestments and utensils from the monastery sacristy. the shocked cossacks did not dare accept such a gift; they sent two atamans to the trinity with a letter of repentance, in which they stated that no sorrows would force them from the capital; the garrison settled in the kremlin numbered about 3,000 people. the poles hoped until the last for the help

of king sigismund and delayed the negotiations in every possible way. the occupiers completely plundered the treasury of the russian tsars, and almost killed the head of the seven-boyars, fyodor mstislavsky, with a piece of brick. september 10, 1612, prince pozharsky invited the besieged polish-lithuanian garrison to surrender. in response , he received an arrogant letter in which the russian militia were called pancake makers, and pozharsky’s comrade-in-arms, kozma minin, received it from the nobles. the letter literally said the following: it’s better for you, pozharsky, to let your people go to the plows, let the slave continue to cultivate the land. the priest, let him know the church, and let the kuzmas engage in their trade, then the kingdom

will be better off. trying in every possible way to emphasize in the letter their contempt for the militias, the proud the nobles, at the same time, literally ate each other. first, the mercenaries killed and ate all the prisoners, and then began to eat their fellow soldiers. half a human leg stood in the kremlin two. there are colorful descriptions of how, for example, a polish judge in the kremlin resolved a dispute between soldiers over who should own the body of a deceased infantryman, his relatives or fellow soldiers; it got to the point that the judge himself, fearing to be eaten, simply fled from the tribunal. october 26: 1612, the remnants of the enemy garrison announced their surrender. on the next day the moscow kremlin was

completely cleared of occupiers. this event was the first step towards the complete healing of the country from the horrors of the time of troubles. for their feat, minin pozharsky was awarded the highest title in our history: saviors of the fatherland.

hello, on the russia tv channel, irina rossius is in the studio and the main topic for this hour. today is national unity day in russia. it takes place all over the country. patriarch kiril presented the original kazan...