the people she still met became an annoying and annoying factor in the construction of a new national foundation; to this was added the question of the cultural and linguistic autonomy of the southeastern regions of ukraine, which in itself threatened with dire consequences, including federalization, by the way, the first political the leader who insisted on its necessity back in the early nineties was one of the founders of the socio-political organization of hands vyacheslav chernovol, the leaders of the eastern in ukraine, the governor of the kharkiv region, yevgeny kushnarev, for example, on the eve of the euromaidan in 2004, promoted the project of the southeastern ukrainian autonomous republic, both politicians and chernovol and kushnarev subsequently, by the way, would tragically die one under the wheels of kamaz, the other, and for a hunting accident, ukraine entered 2014 year. e precisely in the fact that ukraine has never been united. eh, there were ways of life from after real to traditional. you also understand, that is, there

is a split due to chickens, and we know ethnic split according to denominations, kharkov we know kharko in 1922 , of course, completely different cities. although like the population, almost the same activists were all gone, where it is not known who to kill them. we suspect that the special services and the ukrainians carried out such a purge, as they raked through southern and eastern ukraine for many years, one might say, as a tribute to a tradition that has been established since soviet times, the only state that formed the force was the so-called dnepropetrovsk clan, the one to which belonged leonid brezhnev and many other top party leaders. in general, the unity of ukraine kept in many respects precisely on their e, the dominant position, which was destroyed during the two maidans in ukraine, e, firstly, e, the donetsk clan appeared, very

strong, which split the dnepropetrovsk clan was largely provoked yulia timoshenko of the nations of the state became the main thing to get rid of halftones of black or white flies from their boiler from strangers, so on the one hand there were quilted jackets and colorados, and on the other dill and fascists and banderloging went. of course, they are on different sides of the streets, and this was only the beginning, in order to finally determine the exact state course on the way to europe, it was necessary to put aside everything old and navigate strictly by those stars that adorn the blue yellow. eu flag on this way. pyotr poroshenko, inspired by a big win without visas for ukrainians , puts forward his famous slogan tour of ukraine in our hands bob fear’s army under the word vera it meant, uh, the creation of a special local churches in ukraine independent even on a symbolic level from the e moscow patriarchate. actually. well, to a large extent

, it was possible to create such a church, it’s true, but it became a minority church and an army, that is, a program to militarize the country between political games, that is, attempts to be re-elected, poroshenko reported on the achievement of his presidency for a second term, thomas received from constantinople militarization of the country ban on teaching in russian in schools political successors as voters, judging by the results of the elections, these achievements were not openly recognized and not appreciated, but it seems that she nevertheless adopted efimova valeriy savelyev anastasia popova is typical, ukraine we will talk with our permanent expert historian about how the ukrainian political nation was created in ukraine alexander vasiliev. hello sasha, good afternoon, you can often hear the opinion that the creation of a ukrainian

political nation is an artificial process, how fair this point of view is. well, this is a question more, probably, to theory. yes, in general, what so natural? what is artificial, but in reality? yes, a political nation, of course, is formed with the help of certain mechanisms and is formed purposefully. it's just that they from these nations started this process. eh, really quite a long time ago and it can really be rooted in the middle ages and other nations were late , let's say, to this process and quickly jump, and trying to catch up with it, jumping over some steps of this process and creating really sensations, well, complete, and so to speak . goodies, and most importantly, that the ukrainians are catching up, uh, the ukrainians are trying to catch up, and uh, so to speak, we are not we are not oracles to say for sure that they can do it or not be able to do what they are trying to catch up, moreover, relying on those ideas that

can be artificially completely constructed, yes, which in fact are not so obvious. here, and then obviously they are, of course, those social institutions that used political practices and the formation of the ukrainian political nation. what result did they give? and? well, here it is necessary, of course, to specifically talk about the last thirty years. uh, well, we're both fine. remember, yes, that's in the nineties. just imagine in the eighties, the yellow-blue flag was considered petliur's because of its pleasant, and at some point it became a state symbol, millions 50 million people suddenly woke up under this flag , some of them maybe out of fifty- two million 2 million. yes, she could consider this flag her own, but the majority did not understand this, which means that they it was necessary to gradually accustom to the new symbolism and to do this, of course, not somehow, so to speak , aggressively, and not somehow harshly. but it's very simple yes. uh, the national football team, a there is the olympic team a they fly under this flag and uh, however you feel about the past

of this flag. you are already beginning to perceive it. well , as part of e something of his own. and that's why, by the way, football, for example, played such an important political role in ukraine, and in the era of kuchma a.i., this became the apotheosis of euro-2012. yeah, kinda like it was like that too uh, patriotism, yes, in fact, so to speak, if you speak neutrally, otherwise it was nationalism. it’s just that he didn’t look aggressive, and at that time it was a certain stage, and then football - it was russia that got the very aggression on the loyalty of society, for example, it shows very well how these kind of, how soft, like, what they turn into in certain circumstances , and of course, the most important things - this is the school is the press and in general, here is the school and the education system as a whole, yes, and the media . these are these social machines they just generate. uh, here's the identity, yes, and in the dance. in this case

, the ukrainian identity was generated, so they were ukrainianized in the first place, including from the point of view of the language and the majority of people. it was n't either. so noticeable. yes, well, the program was changed for children at school, but who reads these school textbooks there. it’s like we all learned everything at school , it’s like they taught good things at school, but they don’t teach bad things at school, so they argued, uh, in the nineties, the parents of those children, yes, who then joined radical movements. and finally, of course, the finale. and it has already become the era, poroshenko and his slogan. army. mova. the ira is the following institutions and the social machines are the following institutions, because the army is indeed the most important, implementing institution. yes, because you took an oath in the country. under this flag, uh, there's a system of insignia. well, the whole army life reshapes your thinking in the whole society, the army is one of the most respected institutions, of course, and here it has taken certain clear positions. and we we know how the army changed. yes, in general , these new standards, ideological ones, were talking about this.

yes, then, uh, well, of course, absolutely total ukrainization, when, uh, this one, like a tail, was cut in pieces, so to speak. always, like a little bit, a little bit tight, yes, in the end, we have already come to the conclusion that there is from the service sector, and which one seems to be like a private sector. yes, completely ukrainian. i'm not talking about broadcast. uh, there and media content, educational all the moments and so on and finally, reached well, to the holy and to the soul, but to religion, the idea of ​​​​creating some kind of separate national church. she, of course, has been in the air since the nineties and she always turned around to enu, a fiasco failed and even the poroshenko project. and already which seems to be recognized there as a constant. straight and so on. he too. well , roughly speaking, it did not take off. yes, that is, it was not effective and successful. and now we see a new attempt. yes, here is the introduction of the relevant law to the supreme rada. and that is, this topic of faith is the topic of religion, which is also important such a social institution two maidans is what

role they played in the formation of the ukrainian political nation. this is also a very important point, because before that we were talking about a certain progressive process, slow and careful, it could be with some jerky steps, but in general it was a process. as for the maidan, this is a concentrated form of identity formation in a very short time and even a compressed territory, but something serious happened. well , the flashing of the mentality of people, after all, we have always had the core of those who were charged with this a national idea, but this core has never been the majority there came a visitor who had some social issues, so that some groups of fans could come who could have leaders. ideologically, the rest simply ran after them skipping, because they were used to doing that, and already there they acquired this indexing. that is, maidan, uh, yes. maidan is the initiation of e, which e. in this form, she simply made a new man, so we often

underestimate this role, e, do not understand that the maidans were national revolutions. and it was a powerful throw. the injection of this radical ukrainian identity into the usually apolitical mass of the townsfolk, which is why every maidan led to this national mobilization. and e supporters. e. so to say, these ideas became qualitatively larger each time. that was the role of maidan. sasha, thank you very much for a very interesting story. the reform of the army militarization of the country is not only a new weapon in the fighting in the donbass and an increase in the contract recruitment in the armed forces. militarization is also a new military mythology. a new form of changing the name of the units and the rejection of soviet military traditions is one of the exemplary units of the soviet army and then

the armed forces of ukraine 24 motorized rifle, samara ulyanovsk berdichev order of the october revolution three times to the red banner order. suvorov and bogdan khmelnitsky, the iron division was formed in 1918, its glorious battle path the turkestan front, the soviet-polish war, the twenties in the fortieth division lived the line, then participated in the battle of stalingrad, crossed the dnieper liberated. left-bank ukraine fought in the carpathians and stormed prague in the forty- fifth in 2002, to all the regalia of the iron already then not the division, but the ukrainian brigade, they added the name of king danil in honor of the medieval galician volyn prince danylo romanovich and in 2015, by decree of president poroshenko,

all of her were deleted from the name of the 24th brigade orders and red banners. it remains only the name of king danilo in common parlance galician royal arrows. and this is not the only example of the rejection of the combat history of parts during the great patriotic war, the formation of new brigades and the assignment of the names of little-known figures of the petliurist army of ukraine to them is a reality after the maidan ukrainian army, the uniform of the ukrainian paratroopers defiantly abandoned the blue berets, new ranks are given to the fan model, an official, military greeting about ukraine and its heroes. ukrainian sich riflemen are taken as a model of military prowess in the current ukrainian army. this is a volunteer military formation created during the first world war from ukrainian subjects of austria-hungary to participate in

hostilities against russia about them in the story of olga mokhova in 2015, a mazepka appeared in the updated field uniform of ukrainian military personnel, a similar cap at the beginning of the 20th century was worn by all tip sagittarius with a wedge-shaped neckline in front, it remotely resembled a headdress. zakov of the times of the hetmanate . the sagittarians themselves came out of paranolytic and sports organizations such as the whipping of the plast falcons created in galicia on the eve of the first world war. this is a common european fashion. and you can say the world, but say such processes in the russian empire took place in austrian hungary in germany anywhere, and very often these organizations were in their own way, well, either patriotic or nationalist on august 6 , 1914, created just the day before in lvov the main thing is that the ukrainian rada issues a manifesto calling for the creation of a military national

formation as part of the austro-hungarian army, 28,000 volunteers respond to the call . already under control. the russian army only 10,000 activists arrive at the assembly point in the lvov city of stryi, of which the austrian military selects 2,500 future streltsy of a special unit of the army of the danube monarchy, they are divided into 2.5 days ataman of one of them stepan shukhevych, cousin uncle of the future commander, three national such fell, as if the military group that formed it were polish. uh, they were sagittarius polish legions. uh, respectively, the ukrainian sich riflemen were still such albanian units, however, special confidence in the galician ukrainians and confidence that they will not cross the front line. the author of the hungarian command did not have a plus, ideological motivation was a minus, lame discipline. first. they served in security and intelligence. first battle baptism. sich

riflemen received in battles with the kuban cossacks in the carpathian passes, losing two-thirds of their composition. after these clashes, the units were replenished with residents of transcarpathian villages. russian documents, and this is clearly visible, that is, e russian so to speak, well, they report there. as a matter of fact, before his command, what is happening, he says, we cannot understand. yes, some strange formations, which means, firstly, female officers. secondly, uh, it means that there seem to be some local rusyns there, but at the same time, it seems that the backbone consists of ukrainians, ukrainian historiography attaches special importance to the battle for the poppy head of the austro-hungarian army. in the wooded carpathians, the streltsy legion fought desperately there in the spring of 1915 during long battles, the russian troops managed to break the enemy and take this important position for rejection. however, military experts. it is agreed that the tactical significance of the mountain itself was clearly exaggerated until the seventeenth year. e, in. uh, june 17, i think, or july. uh,

there was, uh, the russian counter-offensive, uh, which they call a fenzila uh. russian is possible at that time to the troops. e escaped, there are literally 400 people, the galician streltsy ended up on a different front line. and when the central rada proclaimed the autonomy of ukraine in kiev, these prisoners of war officers and soldiers formed the basis of the regular army. the ukrainian people's republic was headed by the future un leader yevgeny konovalyce , in this sense, the prisoners were considered, as it were, a true support, because well, they have nothing to lose, they are really motivated, they really they consider themselves to be nothing, for example, little russians, who they do not know are part of the russian people or not part of the russian people. yes. and these are the very ones who consider themselves to be a truly separate ethnic group in the army of the ukrainian

people's republic of the renewed kurenisich in their sagittarius turned out to be more combat-ready than during the period when they served the austrian hungarian empire. and in its development, the formation numbered up to 20,000 fighters. sagittarius became a reliable stronghold of the power of the unr. sagittarians played a huge role uh in during the january uprising of 1918, when the arsenal factories began to work for you, also some soldiers of some units who were in kiev since the dissolution of the central rada, the sich riflemen were active participants in the civil war. they fight with the reds and take kiev with beaters and leave it precisely to the detachment of owl streltsy in the convoy. the nationally conscious is supported by the opposition. in an effort to overthrow the hetman skoropadsky. then they will still pop up in different places and the buffer will eventually be reshaped, they will be merged together with e, the west-west ukrainian people's republic

units, which will be called the ukrainian galician army of the earth, from which at the beginning of the first world war began the battle path in tip streltsy and which were seen as independent after the warsaw pact of 1920 and then riga 21 were divided between the ukrainian ssr in the east and poland in galicia, part of the valynians at that moment, many of the already former sagittarius went into anti-polish. underground. they are trying to establish relations with german intelligence to develop the same anti-polish movement and it was they who, with the outbreak of world war ii, were one of the first to join the ukrainian insurgent army olga mokhova anastasia popova valery saveliy typical, ukraine that's all we wanted to tell. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. see you soon. with a discount of 4.000 rubles. m.video this lena not only

found the apartment of her dreams, completed all the necessary documents for the purchase. and now she has become the owner of a nine-story apartment near the park, because the apartment is now being bought on m2.ru. odessa on april 10, 44, she was liberated from the nazis, but on may 2, 14. in odessa, it broadcasts in german. it is necessary to kill if they would roll out those policemen there with screams. glory to ukraine

, the new nazis simply broke their heads and burned almost 50 people in the house of the trade unions. you are a very close person for us with a young one. you have been together since childhood. you look after her. take the cameraman, dig in, they'll come. are you sure what you're doing? is everything right? clutch country leadership cool, well done wall should know that i

i love. you already filmed a cable for the motherland, no one gave such material. your report is unique from the creators of the film the battle for sevastopol thanks to military cameramen. we can find out the truth with our own eyes first boss.

the response to counter strikes will be lightning

fast. we have all the tools for this that no one can boast of now. and we won't brag. we will use the tasks of a special operation. there the west and the improvement of life in russia details of the meeting of the president with members legislative council. only now the wife of a daughter . it's a pity that my mother has not yet waited for me. that i have finally returned home konstantin yaroshenko managed to blame after long negotiations , the russians were released from the american prison. he 's already at home. the ukrainian army fired on kherson with points o, and the kiev regime is also preparing a new provocation in order to blame russia for everything, this time in

lisichansk to pay for russian gas, what prompted? so the ukrainian army fired at kherson and struck with three rockets. two of them shot down air defense systems , ria novosti correspondent reports that there is information that the television center was damaged, there are no other details yet. as soon as they are, we will definitely let you know. ukraine was pushed into a direct clash with russia, vladimir putin said this at a meeting with members of this legislators. if someone from the outside tries to intervene, what is happening will be a lightning-fast response. the president also said that captured foreign mercenaries. the public will soon be shown that, as far as russia is concerned, there will be

indexation of pensions and benefits, more about how the state supports business and citizens, as well as about the goals of the special operation. anastasia efimova russia will successfully pass through all the tests. so it was, before it will be so and this time such a statement was made here today in the tauride palace of st. petersburg the president addressed the head of state congratulated the audience on the day of russian parliamentarism. it is celebrated just on april 27 and reminded of what i have already said more than once. no matter how difficult they are. the country will certainly solve all its tasks, and the tasks of the special military operation, of course, among them, all the tasks of the special military operations we are conducting in the donbass and ukraine, which began on february 24, will certainly be fulfilled in order to

guarantee security measures for residents in the historical perspective. uh, the donetsk and lugansk people's republics of the russian crimea and our entire country need to be clearly aware that our soldiers and officers averted a real danger that has already hung over our homeland with their courage, determination and heroism. they determined a large-scale conflict that would unfold on our territory, but already on someone else's scenarios. these are the most alien scenarios. they are well known and often pursue the sole purpose of containing russia's mechanisms. to do this, used a variety of before. in total, of course, financial sanctions pressure did not appear today. and not even yesterday, the president reminded about this today, once again noting that, of course, this very sanctions pressure will be continued. however, western countries are not limited to them alone, resorting to the so-called hybrid weapons, in other words,

a geopolitical project called ukraine well , or anti-russia. no, other sides of ours have been speeding up the production of new geopolitical weapons. actually new. it is essentially. it is not , but certainly betrayed him with new powers new impulses have relied on russophobia and neo-nazis. from year to year, brazenly unceremoniously turned our neighboring country ukraine into anti-russians. let me remind you, after all, when russia is not supportive, i would say in a friendly way in a comradely way. e, fraternally reacted to the creation of an independent ukrainian state, of course, then they proceeded from the fact that it would be a friendly state, that together we would go further, strengthening, developing each other, creating the most competitive conditions for our development. yes, in the new historical conditions. well,

of course , no one counted on the creation of anti-russia in the historical russian territories, and we cannot allow this, and then, of course, they brought clashes to a direct clash , pushed ukraine into a direct clash with russia and our country, the ideologists of this very anti-russia project certainly think least of all about the interests of the ukrainian people, which for them is just, as the president put it, an expense. the series is obvious that very soon the inhabitants of the neighboring state will be forced to understand this, obviously that in pursuing their own geopolitical goals, the western countries will not stop, and today the head of state once again reminded, and about what he spoke, on february 24, announcing the start of a special military operation, we are talking about those countries or those interests, who may want to intervene in the ongoing events if someone intends to interfere in the ongoing

events from the outside and will create for russia an unacceptable strategic threat . they need to know what our answer is to counter strikes will be lightning fast. we have all the tools for this that no one can boast of now. and we will not brag, we will use them. if necessary, and i want everyone to know about it , we have made all the decisions on this matter. the time of global challenges is also the time of opportunity, a thesis that has been repeated many times in recent weeks at various venues and by the head of state. he also repeatedly confirmed that all the priorities of national projects and strategic goals by the country will be achieved in in order to make just

such an extremely accurate analysis of the situation , it is necessary to use the specified time frames, of course, reliable sources should not in any way hide or embellish the events taking place. giving a clear assessment of what we are facing today, in essence this task. today, many russian journalists decide, as the head of state put it, patriotic journalists. and this very truth that they carry for many becomes extremely inconvenient, and i remind you that this was discussed, including number earlier this week. on monday, when the head of state spoke to a colleague and the prosecutor general's office and it became known about the averted attempt on russian journalists, the handwriting is familiar from the neighboring state of ukraine, however, to intimidate russian journalists. as the head of state emphasized once again, such attempts to intimidate the media space will definitely not work to intimidate russian journalists occupying a patriotic