and we go ahead, the drummer of the krasnodar university of the ministry of internal affairs, the cadets of the shtemenko military school and the krasnodar higher military aviation school named after serov open the procession behind them . you are worthy of this pole for me , and this love of the motherland is a small excitement, because i am a platoon commander, but still, it adds more self-confidence to me that i got here, finally, such a long time ago dreamed after a two-year break at the victory parade in krasnodar will be attended by spectators earthly kurbatova maria tatarinova tatyana shevchuk lead. in moscow, sergei shoigu awarded the army olympians to the winners of the winter games. in beijing, they won 14 medals, three gold, three silver and eight bronze. this is almost half of the total . awards to several athletes. the minister

of defense awarded the new military ranks. i don’t know when our country has reached such peaks, in my opinion, it was the most star olympic season in our skiing. our biathlete skaters freestyle course, hockey player. i congratulate you from the bottom of my heart and would like to wish all of us our country. citizens of our country have the same fortitude , the same love for the fatherland, as you would have shown at these olympic games. under the sanctions, russian enterprises are replacing imports plus looking for new suppliers. for example, tram manufacturers are looking at analogues of electric motors from europe, and the chelyabinsk plant for the production of insulating products is ready to completely abandon imported equipment and materials in 3 years about reducing addiction leyla almondarova. the equipment is placed. all the tools are at hand

and now the enterprise is working with full efficiency. the chelyabinsk plant for the production of insulating products has increased productivity by 30% in six months. during this time, the company managed to switch from mechanical pipe cutting to automatic. for this, the plant purchased a new machine after upgrading the introduction of lean manufacturing technology, the production itself accelerated three times the production of the current branch, which we were engaged in, took almost 80 hours per this moment. uh, the whole story, yes, the entire production run lasts 15 a little over 15 hours. plant. since october, modern insulation technologies have been included in the national project on labor productivity, thanks to which the company has launched a new insulation line for pipes with a diameter of up to 2,000 mm. this attracted new customers to the plans. on the horizon of 3 years, completely abandon imported equipment and access materials for the enterprise. now it uses itself and will produce and sell to others. it really is what prospects that open up and when an enterprise wants to develop, it looks for free niches

without a lean manufacturing tool to become competitive, but it is very difficult, if in general, it is possible to abandon imported parts , and domestic tram manufacturers are planning. now they buy part of the electric motors in europe, mainly in the czech republic and austria, half of the imports. in this area, it is able to replace the sarapul electric generating plant. the enterprise has mastered the production of engines for electric vehicles, which characteristics surpasses foreign analogues. first of all, this is an increased service life and more, low cost, this project. uh, industry development fund. we were given a preferential deputy for 200 million rubles. and this project is now being successfully implemented. we have over 600 engines. we have already implemented it and now, we have prepared production, we are preparing production for 1,000 items per year, against the backdrop of sanctions, the ministry of transport proposes to ban russian airlines. companies using foreign ticketing systems to reduce risks in the field of air transportation, including for

protection of passenger data, if the decision of the department is adopted, then russia already has a decision. the state corporation rostec has developed a domestic booking system. it was created in two versions, mainly for a gradual smooth transition of the airline and as a backup for emergency connection to ensure the stable operation of the industry . in the event of force majeure, we can say that the system is ready, the system has been tested and worked out, and on a large number of already a small number of people. flow terms up to 40 million passengers is still a decent volume, and now our joint tasks with market participants are to ensure the transition as soon as possible. because no one has any guarantees, yes, that our foreign partners will fulfill all contractual obligations without changes and without any stops, import substitution is actively developing in the production of cheese. for example, against the backdrop of growing demand, the perm cheese factory opened another workshop, and it was possible to equip the premises

due to preferential financial support. now production, equipped with the most modern russian equipment. here they can process up to a ton of milk and produce more than 100 kg of products. we started working and all our enzymes were imported, but today what is happening in the world. we all know, er, these enzymes have become insufficiently supplied and, most importantly, they have become expensive and today our enterprises operate entirely on enzymes. we receive them on saturday, we receive them from moscow, that is, we receive them from the russian federation from cheese is popular with buyers, since the quality of the same kudymkar parmesan is not inferior to a foreign product, and this can be said about every performance. nazarova maria basova ekaterina dombrovskaya lead shk to the sewing workshop from a tiny sprout to a flowering garden business

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hello on the air international review. my name is fyodor lukyanov today in the international review program. chronicle week events threat of escalation of the ukrainian crisis a new format of nato cooperation materials of our program russian gas for eastern europe prospects for cooperation logistics in an era of changing transport links with russia report from poland the world is getting used to the rhetoric and terminology of wartime . not just military, even slightly apocalyptic, because the nuclear war has become frequent

the topic for discussion, and the possibility of such an outcome is reminded almost daily, by the russian president and the german foreign minister, the chinese foreign ministry and the owner of the white house, not to mention the numerous commentators who beat one of the first works on the creation of atomic weapons began in nazi germany in december on the thirty-eighth, german physicists, ottogan, and fritz strassman carried out artificial fission of the atom nucleus; german scientists managed to master the technology for the production of metal high-frequency uranium to create prototype centrifuges, but they failed to separate the isotopes of uranium and get a chain reaction in a nuclear reactor. the german reactor was not completed. the german reactor was captured by american troops in southern germany in the haiger loch

in 1945. the program was taken to the usa to work in the manhattan project, which was launched back in the forty-second year of the projects. we supervised the physicist robert oppenheimer and general lesligros on the creation of the bomb 130,000 people, and the cost of the project itself was then almost 2 billion us dollars, with more than 90% of the costs accounted for the construction of factories and the production of fissile material, and less than 10% for the development and production of the weapons themselves. the first three american atomic bombs were created in 1945. and two of them were immediately dropped on the japanese cities of hiroshima and nagasaki in the ussr to work on the creation of nuclear weapons. began in the forty-second year, 1.5 months after the launch of the manhattan project, this

contributed to the accurate operational data of the soviet military intelligence. the first nuclear reactor in the ussr was created in december 1946. a young physicist was in charge of laboratory number two in moscow. igor kurchatov however, the amount of plutonium needed to create. it was possible to obtain a nuclear charge only in june 1948 at a nuclear reactor built in the city of ozersk, chelyabinsk region. the first soviet atomic bomb was tested on august 29, 1949 at the semipalatinsk test site, its power was 22 km. the nuclear issue worries of professionals in international affairs to recent discussions in the valdai club, and a frightening trend was said by the outstanding american researcher of the cold war robert today we live in a multipolar nuclear world, which hides

more and more dangerous possibilities for starting a fierce war. this is happening on three levels at the geopolitical level of the world of nuclear powers. let 's just say it is characterized by some kind of nuclear triads and is characterized by the modernization of the creation of nuclear weapons. we say, respectively, the creation of faithful triates. among the top five rather, the powers are also opening up new fronts. this is cyberspace. this new technology cosmos is now appearing strategic precision conventional weapons and ending with ballistic missile systems and e, supersonic systems

as well as other advanced weapons systems, using artificial intelligence and quantum calculus, which can also be considered as a weapon at the conceptual level we are talking on the shift of the strategy in favor of limited nuclear capabilities as a result of this risk that nuclear weapons. can be used now age like never before and this has never been seen even in the hottest moments of the cold war. professor lebeld's american colleagues, also classics of strategic thought, are alarmed by the frivolity of politicians who do not want to understand the scale of the threat . what is the build-up of pressure on the nuclear superpower, and the former

director of the famous lamose hair laboratory zikrit hecker, very gloomy after all that's happened in recent months, the entire world 's nuclear order is in jeopardy. it must be saved, and the role of nuclear weapons in the strategic calculations of their owners, let's talk with a wonderful specialist, our interlocutor dmitry trainingin dmitry vitalievich at what point did they stop considering nuclear weapons as a means of warfare , it turned into a method of deterrence, that is, something not for use and, in fact, is it possible to go back to the perception of it as just a very powerful type of weapon in the fifties, when the troops began to receive nuclei. it was considered. as a means of warfare. this went on practically, well, until the sixties and early seventies , the military academies continued. uh, they studied

the properties of nuclear weapons, like, uh, like any other weapon, they built military strategies, taking into account the fact that the war will be fought with nuclear weapons, in general, in fact. e during the entire cold war, nuclear weapons. it was considered as a means of warfare on this. as a matter of fact, the containment strategy itself was founded. uh, suggests that the other country is the country you're holding back. uh, believes that she is absolutely convinced that under certain conditions you will start. to use nuclear weapons, so there are certain red lines, and so on there was uh a joint statement by the united states and the soviet union b already in the period of mikhail sergeyevich gorbachev when uh, in which it was stated that a nuclear nuclear war cannot be won

accordingly, it makes no sense to carry on. it should never be untied. uh, but, perhaps, here, uh, really, nuclear weapons ceased to be perceived as a means of warfare only after the end of the cold war after the start of the period. e, the failed integration of russia in the end e. western institutions into western systems and then, when this integration was considered unsuccessful , failed, and it was replaced by a cold snap, and then hostility and eventually confrontation from nuclear weapons. gradually became uh, be perceived again as uh means of warfare , although already at other levels at the levels of tactical nuclear weapons. uh, without danger, as it is believed to cause, e, a general nuclear catastrophe, although deterrence still remains

, the concept of nuclear deterrence was born in the sixties, the approaches of that time were worked on in the usa and in the ussr or something needs to be updated already. today, the proposition that all-out nuclear war will end is still relevant. e existence of mankind in which case it is impossible to lead, but on the other hand. uh, there was an idea that more of the united states there is even more of a cold war , the theory of limited nuclear wars was spread to some extent. uh, on the russian side , it began with the yes of the nineties, the weakness of the russian conventional e armed forces, when nuclear weapons were at a tactical, relatively speaking, pre -strategic level. uh, came to be seen as an acceptable means of ending the conflict, as i said, that is, if you you are losing a war with e, using only

conventional weapons, then in order to avoid e, defeat and show your adversary e your determination to use all the means of warfare you have, including nuclear weapons. you are either demonstrating or real, uh, nuclear explosion or using nuclear weapons in order to uh, put an end to the conflict and proceed to negotiate the most uh, this is a detailed strategy described in american eh documents. american studies, but also in our military uh doctrine, there is a provision that uh russia, unlike the soviet union, which did not make such uh statements, that uh russia can use the first nuclear weapon. e in conditions

when the development of hostilities can lead to a threat to the very existence of the russian state. well, the purity of the mention of nuclear war. last time. is it a reflection of the high intensity of contradictions or is fear really growing, as it was during the cold war, real fear really appeared, but along with this real he was gone for a long period after the end of the cold war, probably the first 20 years. or about that, there was fear, indeed, on the other hand, a fairly large number of publications appeared before nuclear weapons, including military specialists, in which, uh, the expediency of using nuclear weapons to solve military problems is proved, that is, since it was in the fifties. uh, this in my opinion is a reflection. e by the asymmetry

that exists today between e, connected states of america on the one hand, and russia on the other, if the ussr and the usa were equal to the great parties in the cold war, then today the united states, all the more, together with its allies, is many times superior to the russian federation in the main parameters of military power, with the exception of strategic nuclear weapons. and here there is a temptation, e. the temptation is based on the fact that, under certain conditions, it is possible to use nuclear weapons on the enemy. uh, since the opponent is considered as a rational author who will not apply. uh, weapons capable of destroying all life on the planet. that is, he is more capable of admitting his own defeat than destroying the planets?

and uh, because again, during the cold war, due to the period of attempts to integrate into the west that followed, the idea was widely spread that nuclear weapons were strategic nuclear weapons, in no case should they be used. and by the way, this was recently confirmed by the leaders of these nuclear official nuclear powers, yes, strategic nuclear weapons at you can’t find weapons at a lower level, you can, or, if we talk about the west, in order to implement some very specific, uh, military tasks, or in our case, uh, in the case of the russian federation, to compensate obvious. er, let's just say the obvious imbalance in conventional forces between russian forces and those of the united states and its allies. thank you, we talked with dmitry

trenin. well, nuclear applications. god will give. still, let us avoid the sense of self-preservation of the world bosses should work. but with conventional fighting, the appetite seems to only flare up. at the american rammstein airbase in germany, a meeting was held between the defense ministers of 40 nato member countries and partners to coordinate military assistance to ukraine, it was decided to make this format a regular meeting once a month , pentagon chief lloyd austin ramstein will be the manager of all efforts, the largest american base in europe, the european command of the us air force is located here and nato air force command has been used in basically, as a logistics center for the transfer of military cargo to the hotbeds of regional conflicts , rammstein is now also receiving weapons for their subsequent delivery to ukraine, at the base

there is their largest american military hospital in europe, in fact. all this is a small american town in germany in addition to military facilities. there are american schools, shopping centers, a post office and a police station, often american ones are used as the only means of payment. dollar, but rammstein is not only geopolitics but also music in january 1990, on the 4th , a group of the same name appeared in germany, which soon gained world fame on march 10 of this year. the musicians released a new video with the song side what does time mean? a six-minute ballad tells of war and peace, and the chorus is the phrase time, please stop the critics. it has already been regarded as a clear allusion to the current special operation of the russian

armed forces in ukraine, the idea that ukraine should crush russia on the battlefield and thus put an end to russian expositionism in the west , the near-consensual voices calling for a deal are still ringing, but less and less coherent washington insiders. they say that biden is finally until he joined the party of the victorious end. but on the verge of bringing the victorious end closer, it is supposed to be a massive supply of more and more advanced weapons to kiev, we agreed on this in germany, and the us congress passed the land lease law, which greatly facilitates the supply, we will discuss the situation with maxim shapovalenko, deputy director of the center for analysis of strategy and technologies. maksim, how much does nato aid affect the course of the company? does it increase the combat capability of the ukrainian side? it is obvious that life in our military complicates these supplies? uh, well, i would be the only one

not to exaggerate the significance of these deliveries, for reasons such as, well, despite the importance of the military-technical aspect, it’s still in the war, uh, everything is decided by people. but just with the people on the opposite side there is a big problem. actually , up to a quarter of those prepared. e military personnel yes, oh, which was relatively, so to speak, eh, such practical combat experience during his stay in the donbass, they were now, in fact, final , and all this equipment that is supplied. well, besides the fact that it is certainly partly, uh, of soviet origin hmm, and partly already western. eh, that is, this technique must be mastered. and here, uh, i suspect that the ukrainians will have big problems precisely because now they are

making up for the loss. uh in people, mainly due to the mobilized in general, the scale of the western military assistance is impressive, ukraine is not an official ally and formal obligations. before her, no, similar cases come to mind in the past, further back in history. this is the vietnam war, especially after the americans got out. e. well, they knocked out their troops. vietnam - this is the end of 73 years and before, in fact, victory e. so to speak, the forces of north vietnam for two years, yes during this time. uh, well, americans mostly. yes, they managed to put weapons of military equipment there for five billion dollars, and in fact, all this remain trophies. uh, the couple is not vietnamese. however, we were not. uh, a formal ally of the united states, and there, in my opinion, even the young one is such a trick that the americans somehow tried to

interpret the provision of the treaty on the regional military bloc theater so that they could provide, well, legal or close to the laws military assistance to vietnam more interesting. it seems to me that a comparison with the october war of 73 will look like. indeed, in a month or two , both the united states and the ussr carried out such a very an impressive volume of supplies of special property to the warring parties, in principle, was even comparable in terms of volume. uh, cargo, there are about 670.000 tons of special equipment in terms of timing and forces involved. uh, it was air transport and sea transport. what sums are actually very comparable eh? with the fact

that by now the west has delivered to ukraine and could still be compared with how the soviet union acted, e.g. samala, in the ethiopian war of the seventy-seventh seventy-eight years. this, of course, the volume of deliveries and the amount are about a quarter less. as a matter of fact, 1 billion. well, too. in general , it was done without the existence of a treaty of friendship. a precious one was signed; a collaborative one was signed, in fact, after the end of the active phase of the conflict. on what basis are deliveries made? is it a gift or a loan? or something else, all deliveries go through the line of military-technical assistance free of charge, that is, for nothing. with rare rare exceptions, let's say, well , uh, they ordered anti-tank weapons. uh, the ukrainians are with the germans. uh, these funds are paid for, uh, an unnamed sponsor by someone obvious from the

ukrainian oligarchs. uh, this, yes, from the current production and, uh, with the payment of asak, almost 99% of all deliveries go through the line of military technical assistance. this, if you call a spade a spade, inscribed or inscribed uh, from the channels of western countries, the military armament is quite a large number, uh, investors and are ready to invest in securities, uh defense companies in western stock markets. and by the way, against this background , capitalization has also grown very much. well, such giants. as in general martin there glynamics uh, by systems uh, somewhere from a quarter, up to thirty percent, so to speak. capital, but often heard that europe is far behind in the military-technical sphere, has forgotten how to expect this to be a turning point in this context. another question is how much

the europeans have retained competence in the production of complex weapons systems. well, it’s clear that from generation to generation the complexity of these technical systems of basic weapons systems increases and this is the case when it is necessary, either collectively get down to business. yes, that is, joint programs or joint projects are either built into the american system. e, scientific industrial cooperation in the defense and legal complex and participate in it on the rights to contractors , possibly key, but nonetheless contractors. and so, in general, in fact, if we look, then in the association in europe well, at most 3 4 e such diversified defense corporations. well, there is comparability, in any case, in terms of its financial and technical power with american leaders, so this is most likely there will be either a collective work of europeans, uh, but most likely.