and she already stated that they are afraid of the promises that elon musk, who bought the social network, to make twitter a bastion of absolute freedom of speech washington seems to have decided to finally crack down on freedom on the network at the initiative of the united states 60 countries, including almost all of europe and ukraine, signed a declaration on the future of the internet and again users indicate that the document resembles the book of the eagle, declares freedom of expression and respect for human rights. however, the emphasis is immediately placed on the removal of objectionable information, which many regard as introduction of worldwide censorship. when people who have opinions different from the democratic party are simply silenced. how it was successfully done in the united states during the last presidential campaign lyudmila kozhanka matvey popov lead an emergency regime in the kurgan region natural fires threaten settlements about the situation in the region, said the head of the regional department of the ministry of emergency situations yuri zemlyansky to date

, 350 people are involved in the region personnel of 100 pieces of equipment, which means that they work here jointly volunteers forces of the federal fire service municipal, fire protection are also volunteers. two airmobile groups from the chelyabinsk and sverdlovsk regions arrived to us. with the power of the means, now the main task was aimed at protecting settlements, and, among other things, work is now underway to extinguish those outbreaks that have arisen in previous days.

hello. kirill vyshinsky is with you, and this is a typical ukraine program. our program is not news, we record it in advance and go out to weekly mode. we don't compete with news releases. we talk about what made ukraine the way we know it today, the typical and, of course, the peculiar path that little russia went through in the ussr ukraine before it ended up at the current point. that's what we're interested in, we hope that it's interesting for you, and that's what we'll talk about today. who

invented the ukrainian political nation and why, as under poroshenko, the nation was shaped by the methods and results of the ukrainian sich riflemen a template for the modern army? beginning with 2014 one of the main ideas, in general in the public space of the country, was the formation of the ukrainian political nation. this was the reason for the further curtailment of the use of the russian language, continued pressure on the moscow patriarchate church and the creation of a new ukrainian church for the militarization of society and the modernization of the army. the idea of ​​​​creating a ukrainian political nation originally from galina, the heart of the western ukrainian lands, before the first world war, by all the elected body of this austro-hungarian province , was the russian delegation representing it

the orthodox population in 1890, two of its deputies declared that the orthodox unian population of galician rus, which calls itself russian, actually has nothing to do with the russian people after 5 years, the delegation officially became known as the ukrainian historical rationale for the formation of the ukrainian political nation at the beginning of the 20th century, the historian professor created , head of the department of lviv university mikhail grushevsky in his works. he argued that the ukrainians are the oldest nation of the state, kievan rus ancient russian and grushevsky called his first ukrainian state ukraine rus that is why the ukrainian state should exist in the russian empire on the rights of autonomy, the ukrainian state concluded that grushevsky the center of the formation of the ukrainian

political nation, which will be engaged in the creation of the state, should become galicia, the historical conclusions of grushevsky already in the form of political strategy and tactics of creation ukrainian nation. summarized by another galician. author of the theory of integral ukrainian nationalism. he considered dmitry dontsov grushevsky to be a moscow-phile and demanded an independent ukraine, focused on europe, for which russia is the main enemy to create such a state, according to dontsov, the ukrainian nation should be a minority with the appearance of their conscious , who will be led by the ukrainian people any universal values ​​for its approval need fanatics who consider their truth

the only common and obligatory for others hence the aggressiveness and intolerance towards others views. dontsov's ideas in 1929, the organization of ukrainian nationalists uses the accusation created. it is still valid and banned in russia during world war ii, the ussr put dontsov on the list of war criminals and demanded his extradition, but he managed to leave for the usa then to canada, where he died in 1973. not so long ago , activists, and he in kiev, installed a memorial plaque to his idiologist. and the modern practice of the formation of the ukrainian political nation in the story of anna efimova i believe that if you live on the territory of donbass today is temporarily occupied and you think that our cause is right for us to russia here is my russian. it is a big mistake

to continue to live in donbas like this just a few months ago on the air of one of the ukrainian tv channels. volodymyr zelensky directly pointed out the door to those who, for some reason, do not consider themselves ukrainians, restrained, the unfriendly rhetoric of the ukrainian president, echoes the concept of building a state where there seems to be a place for all nationalities, but not those that sympathize with a big neighbor, then there is russia convincingly demonstrated the demonstrative murder of opposition journalist oles buzina shortly after the so-called revolution of dignity and the events of may 2 in odessa, when nationalists who had gathered in the city burned anti-maidan activists in the house of trade unions. these are purely political projects. a ukrainian is, in principle, nasty, what is called reliability? this is a political property, it is not. this is you, that is, you are anti-russian. here, at the same time, on the frames, either with the soviet or already selfishness , on newsreels of the beginning of the nineties inhabitants of ukraine

not find out during the interview after the independence referendum, no one speaks out and almost everyone is set to build, yes, about neighborly relations with russia . and what will be the relationship with russia, i think that at the very best level with all the accompanying moments of the process, the so-called ukraine acquires its own currency separate history began to create their own award system and mind you. that from the very beginning in this award system, two such orders of yaroslav the wise and olga's yen appeared. this was a marker that they were beginning to privatize a common history.

and this privatization of the common history was needed. for what and in order to justify. here is the main provision of the act of state independence. if you look at the text of this act, it will be written in the first lines that continues the thousand-year history of ukrainian statehood. we act this we accept, in the course of a thousand-year history, not just ukraine or the ukrainian people of ukrainian statehood, some nostalgia for the return of the peoples that still met became an annoying and annoying factor in the construction of a new national foundation, to which was added the question of the cultural and linguistic autonomy of the southeastern regions of ukraine, which itself threatened with dire consequences, including federalization, by the way, the first political leader who insisted on its need back in in the early nineties, one of the founders of the socio-political organization of hands, vyacheslav chernovol, took over the baton and the leaders of eastern

ukraine, the governor of the kharkiv region yevhen kushnarev, for example, on the eve of the euromaidan in 2004, both politicians and chernovol and kushnarev promoted the projects of the southeastern ukrainian autonomous republic subsequently, by the way , one will tragically die under the wheels of kamaz and the other for a hunting accident. ukraine went into disintegration in the fourteenth year. eh, precisely in the fact that ukraine has never been united. uh, there ways of life were from post-industrial to traditional, you know, that is, there is a split in the language , and we know the ethnic split according to confessions, kharkov in the fourteenth year, we know kharkov in the twenty-second year, of course, completely different cities. although like the population, almost the same activists were all gone, where and who they have. i don’t know, i mean that the secret services and ukrainians carry out such a purge. how the robbery took place in south eastern ukraine for many years, one can say someday a tradition that has been established since the soviet

times, the only state-forming force was the so-called dnepropetrovsk clan, the same one to which leonid brezhnev and many other figures of the top party leadership belonged. in general, the unity of ukraine rested largely on their e, the dominant position, which was destroyed during the two maidans in ukraine, uh, firstly, uh, the donetsk clan appeared, very strong, which split the dnepropetrovsk clan in many ways provoked by yulia timoshenko of the nations of the state the main thing was to get rid of halftones black or white fly from their cutlets from strangers, so on the one hand there were quilted jackets and colorados, and on the other, dill and fascists and banderlogging went. of course, they are on different sides of the streets, and this was only the beginning, in order to finally determine the exact state course on the way to europe, you

had to put aside everything old and navigate strictly by those stars that adorn the blue yellow. eu flag on this way. petro poroshenko inspired by a big change without visas for ukrainians puts forward his famous slogan, whether ukraine is in our hands the army of the mob fira under fr. faith was implied. eh, the creation of a special local church in ukraine, independent even at a symbolic level from the e moscow patriarchate. actually, well, to a large extent , it was possible to create such a church, it’s true, but it became a minority church and an army, that is, a program to militarize the country between political games, that is, attempts to be re-elected, for a second term, poroshenko reported on the achievement of his presidency, thomas received from constantinople militarization of the country ban on teaching russian in schools political successors as

voters, judging by the results of the elections, these achievements were not openly recognized and appreciated, but it seems that anna efimova valery savelyev was adopted anastasia popova typical, ukraine about how in ukraine created the ukrainian political nation, we will talk with our permanent expert historian alexander vasiliev. hello sasha, good afternoon, you can often hear the opinion that the creation of a ukrainian political nation is an artificial process, how fair this point of view is, well, this is a question more, probably, to the theory. what is natural anyway? what is artificial, but in reality? yes, a political nation, of course, is formed with the help of certain mechanisms and is formed purposefully. it's just that they from these nations started this process. eh, really quite a long time ago and it really can be rooted in the middle ages and other nations were late

, let's say, to this process and quickly jump, and trying to catch up with it, jumping through some steps of this process and creating really sensations, well, complete, and so to speak. artificiality, and most importantly, that the ukrainians are catching up, uh, the ukrainians are trying to catch up, and uh, so to speak, we are not we are not oracles to say for sure that they can do it or not be able to do what they are trying to catch up, moreover, relying on here to find ideas that can be artificially completely constructed, yes, which in fact are not so obvious. here, and then obviously they are of course doing this.

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those social institutions that were used and the practice of political formation of the ukrainian political nation. what result did they give? well, here it is necessary, of course, to talk specifically about the last 30 years, both of us are fine. remember, yes, that's in the nineties. here imagine in in the eighties, the yellow-blue flag was considered petliura’s and forbidden, and at some point it became a state symbol, millions 50 million people suddenly woke up under this flag, some of them may be out of 52 million 2 million. yes, she could count this flag was theirs, but the vast majority did not understand this, which means that they had to be gradually retrained to the new symbolism and to do this, of course, not somehow, so to speak , aggressively, but not somehow harshly. but it's very simple yes. uh, national football team, a there is an olympic team. and they compete under this flag and, uh, no matter how you feel about the past

of this flag. you are already beginning to perceive it. well , as part of e something of his own yes, and there, by the way, football, for example, played such an important political role in ukraine in the era of kuchma a and it became the apotheosis, e, euro 2012. yes, it seems like it was also such , e, patriotism, yes , in fact, so to speak, if we speak neutrally, otherwise it was nationalism. he just didn't look aggressive. uh, at that time it was a certain stage, and then football - it is russia that got the most aggressive system of society, for example, it shows very well how these seem to be, like soft institutions, what they turn out to be in certain circumstances. and of course the most important thing is the school. this is the press, uh, and in general, this is the school and the education system in general, yes, and the media. these are these social machines that they simply generate. e hmm, here's an identity, yes, and in this case they generated a ukrainian identity,

so they ukrainianized in the first place, in including most people it was not so noticeable. yes, well, the program was changed for children at school. well, who reads these school textbooks. it’s like we all learned everything at school, it’s like they taught good things at school, but they don’t teach bad things at school, so they reasoned, uh, in the nineties, the parents of those children, yes, who then joined e, radical movements and finally, of course, the finale. and it has already become the era, poroshenko and his slogan. army. mova. ira - this turned on the following and social machines. next institutions because really the army is the most important implementing institution. yes, maybe you swore an oath to the country under this flag. uh, there's a system of insignia. well, the whole army life reshapes your thinking in the whole society , the army is one of the most respected institutions, of course, and here it has taken certain clear positions. and we also know how the army was changed. yes, we talked about it in general. here are these new standards, ideological. yes, then, uh, well, of course, absolutely

total ukrainization, when but this one, like a tail, so to speak, in parts. always kind a little bit a little bit a bit tight, yes, in the end, we have already come to the conclusion that there is also a service sector, uh, which seems to be like a private sector, yes, completely ukrainian-speaking. i'm not talking about the broadcast, but there is the content of the media, educational all the moments, and so on, and finally they got to well, yes, to the holy one, to the soul, and to religion, the idea of ​​​​creating some kind of separate national church. she, of course, has been hovering since the nineties and she always turned around to enu, a fiasco suffered a fiasco and even the poroshenko project. e already which sort of recognized there as constantinople, and so on. he, too, well, roughly speaking, did not take off. yes, that is, it was not effective and successful. and now we see a new attempt. yes, here the introduction of the supreme one there pleases the corresponding law. and that is, this theme of faith and the theme of religion, which is also an important such social institution, the two maidans are what role they played in the formation of the ukrainian

political nation. this is also a very important moment, because for this we talked about a certain act. a slow careful process he could be with some jerky jumps in stages, but in general it was a process. as for the maidan, this is a concentrated form of identity formation in a very short time and even in a knife on a compressed territory, but something serious happened. well , a flashing of people's mentality, after all, we have always had a core of those who were charged with this national idea, but this core has never been the majority there, the layman, who had some social issues, so that some groups of fans could come, whose leaders maybe charged ideological others just ran after them skipping, because they are used to doing this, and already there they gained. here is this index 13, that is maidan and yes. the maidan is an initiation, which, in this form, simply made a new man, so we often underestimate this role, and they do not understand that the maidans

were national revolutions. and it was powerful. there was an injection of this radical ukrainian identity into the usually apolitical mass of the townsfolk, so every maidan, e.g., led to this national mobilization. and uh supporters. eh, so to speak, these ideas became qualitatively larger every time. that was the role of maidan. sasha, thank you very much for a very interesting story. army reform militarization of the country - is not only new weapons fighting. in the donbass, and an increase in the contract recruitment of the armed forces, militarization is also a new military mythology. the new form of changing the name of the units and the rejection of soviet military traditions is one of the exemplary demonstrative units of the soviet army and then armed forces of ukraine 24 motorized rifle samara

ulyanovsk berdichev order of the october revolution three times red banner orders of suvorov and bogdan khmelnitsky iron division was formed in 1918, its glorious battle path turkestan front, the soviet-polish war, the twentieth in the fortieth division lived the line, then participated in the battle of stalingrad crossed the dnieper free. left-bank ukraine fought in the carpathians and stormed prague in the forty- fifth in 2002, to all the regalia of the iron already then, not the division, but the ukrainian brigade, they added a name king danil in honor of the medieval galician volyn prince danila romanovich and in 2015, by decree of president poroshenko, all its orders and red banners were deleted from the name of the 24th brigade.

it remains only the name of king danilo in common parlance galician royal arrows. and this is not the only example of the rejection of the military history of parts of the times of the great patriotic war, the formation of new brigades and the assignment of the names of little-known figures of the petliurist army of ukraine to them, these are realities after the maidan ukrainian army, the form is changing ukrainian paratroopers defiantly abandoned the blue berets, new ranks are introduced to the fan model, the official military greeting about ukraine and its heroes. ukrainian sich riflemen are taken as a model of military prowess in the current ukrainian army. this is a volunteer military formation created during the first world war from ukrainian subjects of austria-hungary to participate in

hostilities against russia. music appeared a similar cap at the beginning of the 20th century was worn by all-combat sagittarius with a wedge-shaped neckline in front, it vaguely resembled a headdress. cossacks during the hetmanate. sagittarius themselves came out of paranolytic and sports organizations. such as sich falcons plast created galicia on the eve of the first world war. this is a common european fashion. and you can say the world. and so to speak, such processes in the russian empire took place in austria-hungary in germany anywhere, and very often these organizations were in their own way, let's say, well, either patriotic or nationalistic august 6 , 1914, created just the day before in lviv, the main ukrainian rada issues a manifesto calling for the creation of a military national formation as part of the austro-hungarian army,

28,000 volunteers respond to the call. but by the beginning of september, when many regions of galicia are already under the russian army only 10,000 activists arrive at the assembly point in the lviv city of stryi, of which the austrian military selects 2,500 future streltsy of a special unit armies of the danube monarchy, they are divided into 2.5 smoke ataman of one of them stepan shukhevych, the cousin of the future commander fell three national such, as if a group of military men who formed it were polish. uh, they were sagittarius polish legions. uh, respectively, the ukrainian sich riflemen were still such albanian units, however , the austro-hungarian command did not have much confidence in the galician ukrainians and the front line , ideological motivation was in the negative, lame discipline at first. they served in the security and intelligence. the sich riflemen received their first baptism of fire in battles with the kuban cossacks in the

carpathian passes, losing 2/3 of their composition. after these clashes, the units were replenished with residents of transcarpathian villages according to russian documents. and this is clearly visible, that is, e is russian. well, they report. as a matter of fact, before his command, what is happening, he says, we cannot understand, yes, some strange formations, which means, firstly, women officers, secondly, uh, it seems that there are some local rusyns there, but at in this, it seems, the backbone consists of ukrainians, of particular importance in the battle path from the speech streltsy, ukrainian historiography attaches to the battle for the dome the stronghold of the austro-hungarian army in the woody carpathians, the streltsy legion fought desperately there in the spring of 1915, during long battles, the russian troops managed to break against. and to take this important position for rejection, however, military experts agree that the tactical significance of the mountain itself was clearly exaggerated until the seventeenth year. e, in. i think june seventeenth year or in july. uh, there was, uh, the

counteroffensive, uh, russian, which they call, but in the moenzilla uh, hmm kerensky, as a result of this operation, almost in full force. uh, those of the ukrainian sich riflemen who did not die, but were captured in the russian army at that time can. e was saved, there are literally 400 people sagittarius were on the other front line. and when the central rada proclaimed the autonomy of ukraine in kiev, these prisoners of war officers and soldiers formed the root of sochi riflemen basis of the regular army. the ukrainian people's republic was headed by the future un leader yevgeny konovalets, the prisoners in this sense were considered, as it were, a true support, because well, they have to lose. they are really motivated, they really consider themselves to be nothing, for example, little russians who do not know if they are part of the russian people or not part of the russian people. yes? and these are the very ones who consider themselves to be a truly separate ethnic group in the army of the ukrainian people's republic, the

updated chickens of the nisichevy streltsy turned out to be more combat-ready. in what, during the period when they served the austro-hungarian empire at the peak of its development, the formation numbered up to 20,000 fighters streltsy became a reliable stronghold of the power of the unr streltsy played a huge role uh in uh during the january uprising of 1918, when they rebelled e, the workers of the factories of the arsenal are also some soldiers of some units that have been in kiev since the dissolution of the central rada, sychyovye sagittarius, active participants in the civil war. they fight out red and with they take kiev with the whites and leave it precisely to the detachment of the sychevy streltsy of konovalets, the nationally conscious opposition relies, seeking to overthrow. hetman skoropadsky then they will still emerge in different places and the buffer will be reformed in the end, as a result they will be merged together with the units of the west-west ukrainian people's republic , which will be called the ukrainian

galician army of the earth, from which at the beginning of the first world war the battle path of the owl archers began and which they saw as independent after the warsaw pact of 1920 and then the riga 21 were divided between the ukrainian ssr in the east and poland in galicia. part of the excitement at this point, many already former sagittarius went into anti-polish. underground. they are trying to stop relations for the european union they are no different. as the representatives of germany have already said from the same syrian. or arab refugees, of which there are already quite a lot of people in the european union today, the current migration crisis is called exceptional, its consequences are difficult to predict, since experts continue to grow and continue to grow. already note the growth of nationalist and far-right sentiments in the eu countries, the wave of ukrainian refugees has a different effect on the member state of the european union warsaw, for example, estimates the

spending on ukrainians who arrived at hundreds of millions of zlotys, which are in the future.