ways were from after that post-industrial to traditional, you know, that is, the epic language split, and we know the ethnic split according to confessions, we know kharkov in the fourteenth year, kharkov in the twenty-second year, of course, completely different cities. although like the population almost the same activists were all disappeared, it is not known where who killed them. we suspect that the secret services and the ukrainians carried out such a purge as a robbery. we went along the southern e-e of eastern ukraine for many years, one might say, as a tribute to a tradition that has been established since soviet times, the only state that formed the force was the so-called dnepropetrovsk clan, the same one to which leonid brezhnev and many other figures of the top party leadership belonged. in general, the only ukraine rested largely precisely on their e, the dominant position, which was destroyed during the two maidans in ukraine , e, firstly, e, the donetsk clan appeared, very

strong, which split the dnepropetrovsk clan system was largely provoked yulia timoshenko during difficult construction. nations the main thing for the state was to get rid of the halftones black shot down from the white fly from the cauldron of their own from strangers, so on the one hand there were quilted jackets and colorados, and on the other, dill and fascists and banderloging went. of course, they are on different sides of the streets, and this was only the beginning, in order to finally determine the exact state course on the way to europe, you had to put aside everything old and navigate strictly by those stars that adorn the blue yellow. eu flag on this way. peter poroshenko winged big, peremogo without visas for ukrainians puts forward his famous slogan, or ukraine is in our hands the army of mobar under the word vera. it meant, the creation of a special local church in ukraine , independent even at a symbolic level from the

moscow patriarchate. actually, well, to a large extent , it was possible to create such a church, it’s true, but it became from the minority church and the army, that is, a program to militarize the country between political games, that is, attempts to be re-elected, for a second term, poroshenko reported on the achievement of his presidency thomas the militarization of the country received from constantinople, the ban on teaching in russian in schools , political successors, as voters, judging by the results of the elections, these achievements were not openly recognized and appreciated, but it seems that she nevertheless adopted efimova valery savelyev anastasia popova typical, ukraine o about how the ukrainian political nation was created in ukraine, we will talk with our permanent expert, historian alexander vasiliev. hello sasha, good afternoon, you can often hear the opinion that the creation

ukrainian political nation is an artificial process, how fair this point of view is. well, this is a question more, probably, to theory. what is natural anyway? what is artificial, but in reality? yes , a political nation, of course, is formed with the help of certain mechanisms and is formed purposefully. it's just that one of these nations started this process. uh, really quite a long time ago and it can really be rooted in the middle ages and other nations were late, let's say, to this process and quickly jump, a tries to catch up with him, jumping over some steps of this process and creating really sensations, well, complete, and so to speak. goodies, and most importantly, that the ukrainians are catching up, uh, the ukrainians are trying to catch up, and uh, so to speak, we are not we are not oracles to say for sure that they can do it or not be able to

do what they are trying to catch up, moreover, relying on here to find ideas that can be artificially completely constructed, yes, which in fact are not so obvious. here, and then obviously they are of course, this is done by those social institutions that were used and political practices in the formation of the ukrainian political nation. what result did they give? and? well, here it is necessary, of course, to specifically talk about the last thirty years. uh, well, we're both fine. remember, yes, that's in the nineties. just imagine in the eighties, the yellow-blue flag was considered petliura’s because of its pleasant, and at some point it became a state symbol, millions 50 million people suddenly woke up under this flag, some of them may be from fifty-two million 2 million. yes, she could consider this flag her own, but the giving majority did not understand this, which means that they had to be gradually retrained to the new symbolism and, of course, this should be done not somehow, so to speak, aggressively, but not somehow hard. but it's very simple yes. uh, the national football team, and there is

the olympic team. and they fly under this flag, and uh, whatever you think about the past of this flag. you are already beginning to perceive it. well , as part of e something of his own. and that's why, by the way, football, for example, played such an important political role. role in ukraine in the era of kuchma and the apotheosis. it became euro 20-12. yes, it seems like it was also such , uh, patriotism, yes, in fact, so to speak, if you speak neutrally, otherwise it was nationalism. it’s just that he didn’t look aggressive, and at that time it was a certain stage, and then football - russia got it with aggression itself, societies are practically tuned to the top, for example, it shows very well how these seem to be, like soft institutions, what they turn into certain circumstances, and of course the most important thing is the school is the press, uh, and in general, here is the school and the education system in general, yes, and the media . these are these social machines that they simply generate. uh, here is the

identity, yes, and in this case, but the ukrainian identity was degenerated, so they were ukrainianized in the first place, including from the point of view of the majority of people. it was n't either. so noticeable. yes, well, the program was changed for children at school. well, who reads these school textbooks. it seems like we all studied at school against the good they taught the bad, but they don’t teach it at school, so they reasoned, uh, in the nineties, the parents of those children, yes, who then joined the radical movements. and finally, of course, the finals. and it has already become the era, poroshenko and his slogan. army mova and faith. this included the following social machines. the next institutions, because indeed the army is the most important, implementing institution. yes, because you swore an oath to the country. under this flag, uh, there's a system of insignia. well, the whole army life reshapes your thinking in the whole society army one of the most respected institutions, of course, and here it has taken certain clear positions. and we also know how the army was changed. yes, we talked about

it in general. here are these new standards, ideological. yes, then, uh, well, of course, absolutely total ukrainization, when, uh, this one, like a tail, was cut in pieces, so to speak. always, like a little bit, a little bit pressed, yes, in the end, we have already come to the conclusion that there is from the service sector, and which seems to be like a private sector. yes , completely ukrainian. i'm not talking about broadcast. uh, there is media content, all educational moments, and so on, and finally, they came to well, to the holy, to the soul, and to religion, the idea of ​​​​creating some kind of separate national church. she, of course, has been hovering since the nineties and she always turned around to enu, a fiasco suffered a fiasco and even the poroshenko project. and already which seems to be recognized there as a constant. straight and so on. he too. well, roughly speaking, it did not take off. yes, that is, it was not effective and successful. and now we see a new attempt. yes, the introduction there pleases the supreme the relevant law. and that is, this topic of faith, the topic of religion, which is also an important

such social institution. two maidans - what role did they play in the formation of the ukrainian political nation? this is also a very important point, because before that we talked about some kind of slow progressive process. cautiously, it could be with some jerky jumps in stages, but in general it was a process. as for the maidan, this is a concentrated form of identity formation in a very short time and even backwards compressed territory, but something serious happened. well , a flashing of people's mentality, after all, they have always been the core of those who were charged with this national idea, but this core has never been the majority there, the layman, who has some social issues, so that some groups of fans can come, which leaders could be. on the ideological side, the rest simply ran after them, skipping, because they were used to doing this, and already there they gained. here is this index 13, that is, maidan, uh, yes. maidan is initiation e, which e. fu in this form

simply made the new man, so we often underestimate this role, e do not understand that the maidans were national revolutions. and it was a powerful throw. the injection of this radical ukrainian identity into the usually apolitical mass of the townsfolk, which is why every maidan led to this national mobilization. and e supporters. e. so to say, these ideas became qualitatively larger each time. such was the role of maidan sasha, thank you very much for a very interesting story. army reform militarization of the country is not only a new weapon of fighting. in the donbass, and an increase in the contract recruitment of the armed forces, militarization is also a new military mythology. a new form of change in the name of the units and the rejection of soviet military traditions. one of the obraztsova

demonstrative units of the soviet army and then the armed forces of ukraine formed in 1918, its glorious battle path the turkestan front, the soviet-polish war, in the twenties in the fortieth division broke through the energy line, then participated in the battle of stalingrad crossed the dnieper liberated the left-bank ukraine fought in the carpathians and stormed prague in 45. in 2002, to all the regalia of the iron already then not the divisions but the ukrainian brigade added the name of king danil in honor of the medieval galinian-volyn prince danil romanovich and in 2015 by decree of president poroshenko from the title 24

the brigades were crossed out all its ranks and red banners. it remains only the name of king danilo in common parlance galician royal arrows. and this is not the only example of the rejection of the military history of parts of the times of the great patriotic war, the formation of new brigades and the assignment of the names of little-known figures of the petliura army of ukraine, these are realities after the maidan ukrainian army, the uniform of the ukrainian paratroopers defiantly abandoned the blue berets, new ranks are introduced to the fan model, the official military greeting about ukraine and its heroes. ukrainian sich riflemen are taken as a model of military prowess in the current ukrainian army. this is a volunteer military formation created during the first world war from

ukrainian citizens of austria-hungary to participate in hostilities against russia. music a similar cap at the beginning of the 20th century was worn by all-combat sagittarius with a wedge-shaped neckline in front, it vaguely resembled a headdress. zakov times hetmanate. sagittarius themselves came out of paranolytic and sports organizations such as the plast falcon network created in galicia on the eve of the first world war. this is a common european fashion. and you can say the world. and so to speak, such processes in the russian empire took place in austria-hungary in germany anywhere, and very often these organizations were in their own way, well, either patriotic or nationalist on august 6, 1914, created just the day before in lvov, the main ukrainian

rada issues a manifesto calling for the creation of a military the national formation in the austro-hungarian army responds to the call 28,000 volunteers but by the beginning of september, when many regions of galicia are under the control of the russian army, only 10,000 activists stay at the assembly point in the lviv city of stryi, of which the austrian military selects 2,500 future streltsy of a special unit of the danube army monarchies, they are divided into 2.5 smoke ataman of one of them stepan shukhevych, the cousin of the future commander fell three national ones . uh, like a group of military who formed it were polish. uh, they were sagittarius polish legions. uh, respectively, the ukrainian sich riflemen were still such albanian units, however, galician ukrainians had special trust and confidence that the shadows would cross the front line. the author of the hungarian command did not have a plus, ideological motivation was a minus, lame discipline. first. they served in security and intelligence. first

battle baptism. sich riflemen received in battles with the kuban cossacks in the carpathian passes, losing two-thirds of their composition. after these clashes, the units were replenished with residents of zakarp. according to russian documents, and this is clearly visible, that is, russian to say, well, they report there. as a matter of fact, before his command, what is happening, he says, we cannot understand. yes, some strange formations, which means, firstly, female officers. secondly, uh, it means that there seem to be some local rusyns there, but at the same time, it seems that the backbone consists of ukrainians , ukrainian historiography attaches special importance to the battle for the dome in the battle path of the sich riflemen reference height of the austro-hungarian army. in the wooded carpathians, the streltsy legion fought desperately there in the spring of 1915, during long battles, the russian troops managed to break the enemy and take this important position for rejection. however, military experts. it is agreed that the tactical significance of the mountain itself was clearly exaggerated until the seventeenth year. e, in.

in my opinion june of the seventeenth year or in july. uh, uh, there was a counter-offensive, uh, russian, which they call ofenzila, uh, hmm kerensky, then as a result of this operation almost at full strength. uh, those of the ukrainian sich riflemen who did not die, but were captured in the russian army at that time can. e with an embassy of literally 400 people, the galician streltsy found themselves on a different front line. and when the central rada proclaimed in kiev the autonomy of ukraine from these prisoners of war officers and sol. date formed kuren sich riflemen, the basis of the regular army of the ukrainian people's republic, was headed by the future un leader yevgeny konovalets, the prisoners in this sense were considered, as it were, true a support, because well, they have nothing to lose, they are really motivated, they really consider themselves to be nothing, for example, little russians, who do not know whether they are part of the russian people or not part of the russian people. yes. and these are the very ones who

consider themselves really a separate ethnic group as part of the army of the ukrainian people's republic, the renewed smoking of the sich riflemen turned out to be more combat-ready than during the period when they served the austro-hungarian empire at the peak of its development, the formation numbered up to 20,000 fighters streltsy became a reliable stronghold of the power of the unr streltsy played a huge role. during the january uprising of 1918, when the workers of the arsenal factories rebelled, there were also some soldiers of some units that had been in kiev since the dissolution. streltsy are active participants in the civil war, they are fighting from the reds and the whites, they take kiev and leave it precisely to the detachment of the owl streltsy of konovalets , the nationally conscious opposition relies. in an effort to overthrow the hetman skoropadsky. then they will still pop up in different places and buffer perform eventually they will be merged with

e, the west-west ukrainian people's republic units, which will be called the ukrainian galician army of the earth, from which at the beginning of the first world war the battle route began in the network in their streltsy and which they saw independent after the warsaw pact of 1920 and then rizhsky 21 were divided between the ukrainian ssr in the east and poland in galicia. parts of the wave at that moment, many already former sagittarius went into the anti-polish. underground. they are trying to establish a relationship with german intelligence to develop the same anti-polish movement and it was they who, with the outbreak of world war ii, were one of the first to join the rebel army olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev typical ukraine that's all we wanted to tell. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. see you soon.

i'm leaving the militia tomorrow. you are a very close person for us. you've been together since childhood, you'll look after her. take on the cameraman, entrenched soon the germans are posing. are you sure what you're doing? is everything right? clutch leadership of the country expects a film from us, then i demand a reportage camera. for the motherland, no one thought of such material as your report from the creators of the film the battle for sevastopol by a military cameraman.

the russian army destroyed more than 600 military installations of ukraine and shot down a su-25 attack aircraft. in addition, 12 rockets of the volley system, tornado fire, meanwhile, were intercepted. more and more unusual guys are thrown into battle in transcarpathia because of this, a riot is ripening, but situations. heartbreaking screams, screams and cries are the entrance to this the transcarpathian draft board was even fortified with sandbags, they were afraid of the separatists, but they were useful in order

not to let dozens of angry women inside. whose sons, husbands and lovers were deceived to go to the front and nowhere and in the very hell to the donbass those who were the least prepared for this, untrained recruits who were enrolled in the local territorial defense detachments, the professional military remained, transcarpathia, apparently, to guard the military registration and enlistment office from mothers and wives demanding answers. he can’t get out, he’s afraid zelinsky promised the west to fight for at least another 10 years, not paying attention to the losses, therefore, already eighteen-year-old guys are being thrown to the front, while the russian army continues to destroy ukrainian military facilities with high-precision air-launched missiles. during the day, 17 military targets of ukraine were defeated, among them eight areas of concentration of manpower of military equipment, five firing positions of artillery and a multiple

launch rocket system, as well as two strong points, a command post and sweet artillery weapons in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bpopulated item pokrovskoye, dnepropetrovsk region. during the day, tactical aviation with russia hit two command posts, nine strongholds and areas of concentration of manpower and equipment, as well as five depots of ammunition and fuel, as a result of the strikes, more than 200 nationalists and 23 units were destroyed. artillery troops hit 319 areas of concentration of manpower and military equipment, 12 command posts and two depots of rocket-aktirian weapons from bit and another su-25 near the settlement of chervona and yar kherson region destroyed more than 120 nationalists four tanks and six armored vehicles. the ministry of defense also showed footage of the work of the calculations of the iskander missile system during the strike on the command posts of the units, all the targets were determined by reconnaissance, the coordinates

were confirmed with the help of drones, and after the task was received by the calculations of the iskanders we can work with both winged and field ballistic products. goals. it doesn't matter where they are. here the receipt of the admission command takes about three to three and a half minutes after this weapon, it is undeniable, firstly, because of its speed, the range and accuracy of the hit, which she repeatedly showed, the technique did not fail. all tasks have been completed. fuel depots and bases are being destroyed one by one in kiev. there is already a total shortage of fuel in the country's snpz. there is no diesel at gas stations in the ukrainian capital and gasoline has almost run out. and where he stayed there are long queues at gas stations, there is no fuel. shell gas station is now the next gas station, we'll see, that is, do not rush to return to kiev because there is a problem. another refueling friends also no fuel. there are no cars.

sadness, you can fill the car only for 10 liters 95 , they sell for 36 hryvnias per liter. this is about 80 rubles. in addition, the authorities of kiev appealed to the townspeople with an appeal to refuse to drive, so that there would be enough fuel for the military varvara nevskaya vesti. veterans of the great patriotic war who live in the donbass and on the liberated territory of ukraine will receive a lump sum payment of 10,000 rubles in may. the decree was signed by vladimir putin earlier this week, mintrus reported that more 20,000 veterans have already received annual payments on victory day. vladimir putin also signed a fund for lump-sum payments of five and three million rubles to persons seconded to the lpr. and the dpr or their families. in case of injury or death, another decree established payments of 5 million rubles. families, volunteers who died in the zone of the special

military operation. in poland, due to anti-russian sanctions, 500 railway tanks with gas may explode, a division of the russian company novatek warned the polish authorities about this blocked access to these sulfur tanks, although the liquefied gas was delivered legally, the company urges warsaw to pump fuel to the terminals as soon as possible, as experts point out, with a long idle time, the pressure in the tanks may increase, followed by depressurization and an explosion, 40 million liters of gas will blaze, which can cause an ecological catastrophe a monument for the birth of the banner of victory opened a memorial in the pskov region at the entrance to the village of idritsa. there is a large railway junction, which was liberated during of the regional heavy battles in the forty-fourth year, and forty-fifth on the night of april 30 to may 1 , it was the assault flag of the 150 idrid rifle division that was armed on the reichstag and it became the banner

of victory, a symbol of complete defeat. banner of victory a great and holy symbol that still unites the peoples not only of our country, but also of many neighboring states. at the same time, a few years ago it was not enough. who knew that the banner was born after the victory on our pskov land. in the summer of 1944, idritsa was freed from three years of occupation. we have done a lot together so that the inhabitants of the pskov region and our entire country know about it, and even the history of the construction of this monument is also symbolic in many respects. it was n't easy. they chose a place, they chose a project, they changed it along the way. hundreds and hundreds of vskoviches contributed their personal funds to the construction of this monument ; first they postponed the opening date, they planned

last year back in may, then, due to various circumstances, they decided to change the project to autumn, and then to now and, probably, today this is the most symbolic, because right now we know that this banner is being spontaneously raised in the liberated cities and towns. they do not have such an order; they do it from the heart. and the locals meet them with this banner. zenit ahead of schedule became the champion of russia in football in three rounds. before the end of the championship in st. petersburg, he beat moskovsky lokomotiv for the team of sergei semak. this is the fourth title in a row, the golden match began with a missed goal, but the zenit team were able to recoup and come out ahead already

the first half, and in the second they increased the lead over the opponent, the final score was 3:1, the cup and the gold medals were awarded to the winner immediately after the game. to smoke or not to smoke it is up

to you to decide, but be aware that every tenth cigarette that is now sold in our stores is a fake. hello studio eduard petrov where are we? and what is this realm of cigarettes? sash , you know such cigarettes, i appeal to the operator to pay 50 rubles. or 150 rubles. the same fake is not equated to a box. you don't need to take the camera. take away the cigarettes i don't have now there are stewards with a cigarette metropolitan tu-134. this is the second item in the budget. it would seem tobacco, but it gives twice as much as alcohol, please, don’t touch it with your hands. and we know that you sell cigarettes in bulk, really. i just work as a courier. i'm a cigarette delivery man. here e more than 100 million rubles. 2 million packs still a counterfeit market

of about 50 to 65 billion a year over the past few years, we have suspended the activities of four enterprises, what do you see inside this form? in fact the door is identical boards we counted 20 packs of cigarettes. open the smugglers door. a few years ago, domestically produced cigarettes were wildly popular in european countries and cheaply and decent quality was secretly transported abroad. now the situation has changed radically. russia has been flooded with penny cigarettes from the former soviet republics from the states of the middle east. it has become very profitable to sell them. each truck brings the owners of the shadow business up to a million dollars, and

the state loses.