[000:00:00;00] odessa became the export of agricultural products of the russian empire. however, grain was transported to the port by horse-drawn transport for a long time in the second half of the 19th century, when trains were already rushing for sale in america, which ensured the cheapness of american wheat. in odessa , railway lines have just begun to be put into operation. the russian empire had to win back its share in international markets. in 1886-1890, the share of grain in monetary terms of all russian exports was more than 51%. russia covered almost half of the needs of european countries importing bread, however. this euphoria also had a downside, grain, as a significant source of gold and foreign exchange reserves, was sometimes sent abroad, even in the hungry years, actions according to the good old formula are undernourished . not from your country. yes, and

they are not going to be malnourished. ukraine is one of the leading agricultural producers, but it must become an agrarian sphere, a power. well done. he proposed the concept. he explained to me what it means, there is a state that is much smaller in area than ukraine but which receive much more income. eh, here, if we take the ratio per hectare. uh, for agriculture than ukraine. if we are talking about making ukraine a raw agricultural appendage, for example, of the west, if this is meant by an agrarian superpower, then, well , on the way to the cherished status, such a thing as food security turned out to be simply discarded today, the independent agricultural sector is focused exclusively on low-income agriculture. still no. that's unrecycled power. this says that they have a problem with money. hmm

, animal husbandry, that everything is planted with grain, slavery is all the same khrushchev’s corn at one time, borrowed, again in the states , the secretary general says. he paid for valuable seeds, gold bars and strategic reserves of the country and, of course, the sunflower culture, which unites the vaunted, but in many ways already depleted ukrainian chernozem, and recently it has become. it is known that germany plans to develop a plan to create a so-called grain bridge. in order to ensure uninterrupted supplies from ukraine by rail, they intend to withdraw about 20 million tons of grain. all this resembles the events of a hundred years ago. succinctly formulated by general max hoffmann, chief of staff of the eastern front during the first world war, he said, all ukraine i'm interested in the next harvest. so there is nothing new in this story anna efimova valeriy savelyev anastasia popova typical

ukraine oh, what are the prospects for ukrainian agriculture, we will talk with our permanent expert alexander vasiliev. sasha good afternoon. hello, the fighting has already affected different aspects of the life of ukraine. and how did this affect agriculture? well , of course, the fact in which it now exists. yes , that's the fact of the fighting. yeah he's pretty obvious things. and assumes. well, look, for example, and in ukraine, let's start with personnel. yes, uh, in ukraine, mobilization is going on very intensively. uh, and in especially demanded specialists who can, uh, manage the equipment. and er, for example, a machine operator in agriculture. it's always still soviet times. yes, this is such a main reserve, which actually. here, for the replenishment of some kind of armored forces there in general, and so on. with this, there are already, as it were, obvious problems. and that's just corny with a frame

joint further, and hmm, continuing the same we understand that uh fuel is primarily for agricultural machinery and for tanks, it is taken, so to speak, from the same volume. and we know how, well, ukraine is experiencing problems. e in this area, yes in the fuel. so, accordingly, uh, the choice is between refueling the tank and refueling the tractor. yes, now it is done in uh, for the benefit of the tank, here but these are the most obvious, the simplest things. i'm not talking about the direct losses of territory, uh, which ukraine does not control today, respectively, it cannot do anything say, there are some sown areas of the territory along which the front runs. yes, some things are infrastructural. well, the optimistic official figures that sound in ukraine are up to 40%, while the tower, a, may be lost or cannot be processed. and that is, here it is approximately. well, let's say, the number of psychosomatics that ukraine can actually count in the event of

someone optimistic even for itself. military projectile, ukraine is a major supplier of electric power agricultural products to world markets sunflower seed, how the current situation will affect , uh, the global problem of providing, uh, agricultural products. yes, here, er, again , there are things that are completely transparent. and this is the logistics itself, and all of this agricultural export, well, almost all of it was carried out through e, ports in the southern, and in the southern region of the country. yes, azov and the black sea are now traditional, now they are closed, and, accordingly , under uh, it was. well, let's just say that the entire infrastructure is sharpened, because you need to understand that, allow. now more grain from the previous harvest can be exported. yes, that is, this does not mean that we have to wait there, but for now it means that these winters, and so to speak, will already have to be collected. it will be early summer. well, plus or minus, or is there to

wait for autumn? no, there is already a voluminous side, which, in principle, was assembled earlier, but now they cannot enter the world market, ukrainian railways. yes, they say that they are able to cover. well, roughly, i’m very rounding, about a third of the volume that went by sea, yes, that is, only a third to withdraw. that is, no matter how much ukraine collects. whatever these figures are, so to speak, in reality, there are optimistic, pessimistic , maybe only three were exported from the previous volumes, and now according to the latest official statement. from this potential third, another third is actually being taken out. that is, very, very little. and uh, the last one, the news says that in germany they have very seriously realized this problem for the germans, in general, ukrainian grain for the last hundred years, so to speak, this is such an important factor. now it will come, literally, the mobilization of the german railways to ensure this export here. well, at least some

significant volumes of cereals first of all, well, and muscovite oil crops from ukraine. and what happens in those territories that kiev no longer controls today? what about agriculture? i know that you recently visited a region in the south of ukraine, which, so to speak, is the historical northern tavria. yes, this is agricultural agricultural region. this is probably the most important e in the whole south. and there, of course, when you just go on the roads. here come those winters. so they turn green. yes, agricultural machinery is clearly starting somewhere. new sowing. that is, in principle, in this region, and he refused all this agro-industrial complex. he was practically unharmed. there are no fighting. there are no such accompanying things, and he, well, is ready for full-fledged work and, to a large extent, i can say that if this is the agricultural sector, it will work fine there. yes he is, well is able to cover some significant, and part of

the deficit, not only that, as it shows us today , crimea was brought there. the disk is, of course, also important. this is also a specialization of this region, but there is also a historical one, the kherson region supplied the crimea with vegetables there, as if there was more potential, including cereals, and i repeat. there are also lions there, in which last year's harvest was harvested. eh, what's missing? yes, it's not enough. well, more than without such a systematic approach to providing. all the same combustible chemistry, grain materials and logistics, so that all this could, and so to speak, get from this region to some foreign markets. here's more so to speak, add organization, and we'll get it. well, i can say that, uh, if we talk about social factors, yes, then, and the attitude of the local population, so to speak, is loyalty, yes, socio-economic stability is directly related. but with these agrarian things and well, i hope, of course, for some positive dynamics here, respectively. thank you very much it was

very interesting. ukraine 18-19 centuries agrarian a country in which more than 80% of the people live in the countryside, and the ukrainian language is the language of communication of the villagers, so most of the plots of classical and ukrainian literature are connected with the earth and life. on it, literature in ukrainian began at the end of the 18th century with ivan kotlyarevsky's ironic retelling of verdil's poem. in it, the heroes of ancient roman mythology become cossacks and villagers, and god, olympus become grumpy and riotous pans, landlords, village flavor, folk traditions and rituals organically woven into the classic plot, the success was stunning several reprints, the popularity of the capital 's salons and the recall of nicholas i who listened and laughed at clever pranks. and this despite the fact that for understanding kotlyaretsky compiled a special dictionary. a thousand

russian words, if enaida kotlyarevsky became the announcement of ukrainian literature, then half a century later, taras shevchenko’s poems showed the world full-fledged and vivid poetry, and again in the center of his poem, the beauty of ukraine is hard work on its fertile earth, a lot of romance of plots from the history of kazakh uprisings and wars, but yet the main characters are peasant serfs, their hard fate, and then the populist movement of those who create peasant literature with european ideals panteleimon kulish and, for us, mirny carrot and ivan nichulevitsky, stepan rudansky and mikhail staritsky , different genres and plots, a whole kaleidoscope of heroes, comes to ukrainian culture. unites. the main thing. they come from the village or live on earth these heroes are united by the main thing, they come from the village or live on the earth their

ideas about goodness and justice about what is bad and what is not very everything from there and the rural community with its naive, simple-minded, and sometimes wild mores of the 19th century. not all the heroes of this peasant literature professed european ideals about how the ukrainian classics ate stories from the life of the ukrainian village in the plot of olga mokhova what do you want to eat again to create a colorful cartoon, there once was a dog based on the ukrainian folk tale serko directors eduard nazarov specially traveled to villages and museums , local landscapes and everyday life have always been attractive to creators, but as a writer, the village gave her inspiration and vivid details, a national character and priceless evidence of the real life of the village. eh, rural life in general images. e people who

live e, in the village is a topic. strictly speaking, with which ukrainian literature began and which it still continues and made earthly life. ukrainian. the family of a wealthy farmer is a lot about this in the literature of the 19th century. however, under serfdom, this dream was impossible to realize, and even after the abolition of serfdom, redemption payments for many villagers turned out to be unbearable, and life on their own land is very difficult the dream of the earth, and the earth rose into it and slipped out of her hands, like a haze beckoned, and how the haze disappeared was replaced by the search for justice, some like, for example, serf mikola jerry from the novel of the same name by ivan nichulevitsky, others flee from their native village, like a chip. in the first ukrainian rural epic, do the ramparts roar when the manger is full of spontaneous protests and murders? in the very title of this novel by panas mirny the answer to many questions. true, it cannot be said that impudent love of freedom is a distinctive feature of all

heroes in traditional classical literature , you can find other images. it's not slang. this is not a university, but this is another ukrainian. moreover, he is all in worries. he is, firstly, he is hardworking too, the truth must be said, he is hardworking, he is not lazy, he has a definite craving. uh, higher living class. that is, he is interested in making a profit, he has everyday worries, but he does not seek to overthrow the government there. well, more like this everyday life of a poor family in the village of semigory near boguslav with tragicomic quarrels colorful language. this is a story drawn by levitsky kaydashev. family, it was first published in austria-hungary in lvov and only a few years later in the russian empire, the family of amelka kaidash, where sons compete, mother-in-law quarrels with daughters-in-law, and the older generation does not find a common language with the younger, typical for the ukrainian province

after the abolition of serfdom. tea filled up all the bast shoes of the earth, the earth is perhaps the main image of all the social and everyday literature of ukraine , it is sacred for the peasant without it, life is deprived the meaning of the earth feeds inspires is in dreams, and it also becomes a source of endless conflicts in the story of olga kobylyanskaya. the land is already the very beginning of the 20th century, a brother kills a brother to remain the sole heir to the parental allotment, and their father, who then earned his land with blood, curses it. collective life and common property are not about the ukrainian village. so field matters. why now? happiness grain-grower genes have also strengthened the national proximity to pantheism, according to which the whole universe and there is a god pagan cult of nature of ukrainian villagers

for the first time on the screen showed alexander dovzhenko in the movie title earth, included in the list of masterpieces of world cinema, another feature of ukrainian power is connected with spontaneity. so colorful, described by nikolai gogol, is the absolutely harmonious coexistence of two worlds, a real and a mystical state. this soil state is proximity to the patriarchal roots to the earth to the very village where it flows, a certain mythological time, where the devil can really steal a month where you can really fly on this line. uh, closely intertwined behind the little laces, paganism, christianity, mythology in the lives of completely different ukrainians, the carpathian hutsuls, having been ruled by different states for centuries, this mountain people was able to maintain its identity, which inspired the creation of the

story shadows of forgotten ancestors by writer mikhail kotsiubinsky and film director sergei parajanov for the film adaptation of this work. interest in the folklore beginning and in life in the village was preserved in ukrainian literature until the great industrialization at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries , people began to move en masse from the ukrainian village, and not only to neighboring cities and countries, but also to other continents to live in their native land. it was given too expensive, yes, and it was already not enough for everyone in 1890 and 1910, only more than 300,000 ukrainians left the golitsy in the 20th century, for example, the ukrainian village faced a huge problem of emigration, when whole families had to leave in search of a better life to leave, and to america to canada and it also found reflection in fiction ukrainian theme, which is practically non-existent, for example, in russian

literature one of the first about what ukrainians experienced when they left forever, vasily stefanik wrote in a short story. stone cross, not finding happiness. in her village, the hero does not hope for those of him in a foreign land, and before leaving, he puts himself a memorial cross for the peasant, a break with the land of his ancestors, isolation from the roots is unthinkable, but a village without a person. dying was the way it was in past centuries, nothing has changed and now it’s only behind years of independence brought down more than 500 ukrainian villages, thousands more are on the verge of extinction olga mokhova anastasia popova valeriy savelyev typical, ukraine that's all we wanted to tell.

kirill vyshinsky was with you today. good luck to you. almost 200 forest fires were extinguished in russia over the past day, a high, fire danger remains in the kurgan region in several municipalities there is an emergency mode, the situation is complicated by weather conditions, according to weather forecasts in the coming days in the region. expected hot and windy weather all the details, we learn from our correspondent in the region zinaida maltseva zinaida welcome. how many fires are active now and what is the situation in the kurgan region? hello daria, in the kurgan region, the situation with natural fires has stabilized, however, the

fire danger remains high, according to the forecasts of the kurgan weather forecasters, today and tomorrow it is expected to be hot without precipitation. weather with wind gusts up to 20 m/s. a squally wind can inflate already localized fires behind them. in among them, employees of the security air force use quadrocopters to detect smoke points. after detection, a rapid response team is sent to extinguish, as the ministry of emergency situations for the kurgan region informs near settlements that are at risk of spread. the fire of excellent fires was organized by temporary posts, they block the inflating of the fire towards the residential area, and the forces are directed to extinguishing the edge of the fires and guarding the settlements of the threat, the settlement is absent, according to the ministry of emergency situations on the eve of the head of the growing farm, ivan council, arrived in the kurgan region. he visited the extinguishing of one of the forest fires and positively assessed the actions of the regional authorities, the forces of the funds that have

been involved in extinguishing fires in recent days. the area of ​​natural fires in the region has been significantly reduced. thanks to the forces of the joint group of almost 1,300 people, e. aircraft had to fight the situation, two be-200 amphibious aircraft and a mi-8 helicopter have been helping with fires in the region since their stay in the region. they dropped more than 3,000 tons of water on the fires, according to the air force of the okhrana, from april 28 to may 8 in the kurgan region, they managed to eliminate 70 forest fires on an area covered by fire of 32,000 hectares, extinguishing three forest fires in most continues. municipalities and the emergency regime has been lifted, but still continues to operate in kargopol ketovsky belozersky districts vargashinsky district

yevkurgan, this is all the information for this hour daria thank you zinaida maltseva spoke about the situation with forest fires in the kurgan region. over 30 forest fires were extinguished in the krasnoyarsk territory, where the emergency mode is in effect, a large fire was extinguished in the city of uyar, where 200 houses burned down. let me remind you that the fire engulfed the fox of krasnoyarsk at the weekend. when a squally wind hit the region, as a result, trees were completely cut down and power lines were cut off. more than 800 buildings were destroyed, there were dead and wounded in the firefighting. now more than 200 people and dozens of pieces of equipment are employed. the russian ministry of defense showed footage of the operation of the s

-300 anti-aircraft missile system during a special operation to protect the donbass . . ready to hit all targets, of course, any rotaries. is not such a difficult target at the moment, as it boasts, the machine is capable of observing a large number of targets, if you simultaneously accompany them and simultaneously destroy up to six targets, the enemy was not surprised by anything. this is a common aerial target for this expensive zenith system, nothing new. we have not discovered. now, about new examples of the courage of our military, here's what the ministry of defense told yaroslav fadeev received a shell shock during the shelling by the nationalists, but continued the battle, organized the adjustment of fire using drones in as a result, two ammunition depots, three enemy mortar positions and more than 70 radicals were destroyed, fadeev’s subordinate units did not suffer any losses. the infantry fighting vehicle of corporal vadim

sandu was subjected to massive shelling by ukrainian militants, the car caught fire in one, received a shrapnel wound in the leg, dispersed the bmp, he rammed an enemy pickup truck with a mortar in the back and advanced to the positions of our troops, and then evacuated the wounded colleagues from the car. sergeant yaroslav stepanov's group freed one from the settlements during the offensive, the tank under the command of yaroslav destroyed the nationalist checkpoint. the radicals returned fire, the shell hit the tank. stepanova sergeant was wounded, but did not leave the battle, part of the nationalists was eliminated. the rest surrendered. vladimir putin met with the father of the commander of the sparta battalion who died in the donbass, the president presented him with a star of the hero, which his son was awarded posthumously . my colleague yevgeny nipped will tell in more detail. in the colony of the immortal regiment next to the president artyom joga nus portrait of the commander of the famous

sparta detachment of his son vladimir hero of russia today is victory day on may 9, i will smell your son’s hero star, unfortunately, he is not among us, he left our ranks. and he died like a hero, covering up women and children in the truest sense of the word. his countrymen his compatriots gave his life for the motherland the golden star, the highest state award of the russian federation, will be kept by native heroes. i am on the one hand with the fact that the son of a greater greater is not with us, but on the other hand congratulations on having raised such a

true hero's son indeed. and i want this star of the hero to remain forever in your family. thank you very much vladimir zhoga first, he was the right hand of the legendary motorola, the first commander of the sparta battalion, one of the most powerful units of the dpr, the fighters participated in the most difficult operations, the siege and storming of the donetsk airport, fought in ilovaisk and the debaltseve region after their death. the spartans chose arsen pavlov as the commander of the twenty-three-year-old vladimir jogu. i am i promise you and be sure to continue your work. why shouldn't we? i promise the motor that the battalion will not collapse. no matter how much pressure is put on us, we will be a media mechanism with a fist . the unit under the leadership of vladimir burns continued to act swiftly and professionally, leaving no chance for the enemy. this interview was recorded by our colleagues on the day of recognition of the independence of the dpr and lpr. commander.

sparta understood that serious trials awaited the donbass and all of russia ahead. we are the descendants of the winners now recognition, then we will return our at home. everything will be soon. everything will be fine. first , he was a special military operation sparta again on the most difficult front-line areas. we will definitely win, we will apply everything that is required of us. god grant, of course, that we no longer lose our loved ones and friends much less. the price, sometimes victory well, victory would still be if there was at least one chance to solve this problem by other peaceful means, of course, we would use it, but we were not given this chance. just another choice. there just wasn’t guys fighting courageously heroically professionally. all the planned plans are being implemented,

the result will be achieved by a real russian warrior. he died on a combat mission, covering civilians from the fire of ukrainian formations to bring his work to the end. yes, the logical end with a victory to return. it is very unfortunate that volodya died. he put a lot of effort into it, and he lived by these events. now the sparta battalion is headed by artyom joga, continuing the work of his son, the hero of russia yevgeny alexander perfev, to lead, despite the extremely difficult political situation and the growth of russophobia in many countries, west, may 9 abroad. nevertheless, the immortal regiment was immediately celebrated by laying flowers at the memorials of the heroes who defeated fascism 77 years ago. now they remember, and here, as 9 may was celebrated in the

world, anastasia dolgova will tell . when you see this power, this power, but of course, pride in our russia ended with the flight of combat aircraft and helicopters. in berlin in the park laid flowers at the monument to the warrior-liberator. many came with russian flags and st. george ribbons. after that, in the very center of berlin , songs of the victory sounded, and hundreds of people brought portraits of relatives of the participants in the great patriotic war , they remembered those who died in the fight against the nazis and in rome