livestock and a third of the pig population are ready. yes, within the framework of the planned targets, ukraine gave a significant increase in this production, but most of this production went to the consumption of ukraine itself and not to the consumption, for example, of other union republics, the production of sugar beet became one of the markers of the success of agricultural business in ukraine in principle, moreover not only in the soviet years, and then the ussr's share in world sugar production reached 15%, but also under the tsar father by the end of the 19th century. in the russian empire. there were 120 sugar factories. one of the largest mikhailovsky refinery. in the sumy region belonged to the landowner nikolai tereshchenko demand for refined sugar was huge and by 1870. the annual turnover of tereshchenko's company reached a fabulous 12 million rubles at that time. it was in ukraine that huge a latifunda landed latifunds were created,

the owners of which were no longer landowners. and the so -called grimy and landlords. and, that is, these are yesterday's serfs or people from other tax-paying estates who made themselves in the production of agricultural products , odessa became the main gate for the export of agricultural products of the russian empire. however, grain was transported to the port by horse-drawn transport for a long time in the second half of the 19th century, when trains were already rushing for sale in america, which ensured the cheapness of american wheat. in odessa , the railway lines of the russian empire had just begun to be put into operation, it had to win back its share in international markets. in 1886-1890, the share of grain in monetary terms, all russian exports accounted for more than 51% russia covered almost half of the needs of european countries that import bread, however. this euphoria also had a downside, grain, as a significant source of gold

foreign exchange reserves, was sometimes sent abroad, even in the hungry years of action according to the good old formula we are undernourished. but we will take out more than a century later this concept was mirrored by western partners . taken out of their own country. and don't be malnourished are going. ukraine is already one of the leading agricultural producers, but it must become an agrarian sphere, a power. well done. he proposed the concept. he explained to me that he began to eat a state that is much smaller in area than ukraine but which receive much more income. uh, here, if we take the ratio per hectare, but for agriculture, than uh, ukraine if we are talking about making ukraine with a roaring agricultural appendage, for example, the west, if this is meant here superpower, then, well, on the way to the coveted status, such a concept as food security turned out to be simply

discarded; today, the agricultural sector of the independent sector is focused exclusively on low-income agriculture. everything is not here. they teach here is not reworked. it says that with a lot of money they have a problem. hmm, animal husbandry, because everything is planted with grain, until rapeseed is trained, all the same khrushchev corn at one time, borrowed, again in the states they say secretary general, paid off for valuable seeds, gold bars and strategic reserves of the country and, of course, sunflower crops, which unite the vaunted, but in many respects already depleted ukrainian black soil, and recently it has become. it is known that germany plans to develop a plan to create a so -called grain bridge. in order to ensure uninterrupted supplies from ukraine by rail , they intend to withdraw about 20 million tons of grain , all this resembles the events of a hundred years ago, when in exchange for military assistance, fighting for the identity of the unr was calculated in germany with the same products, the approach of scrupulous and pedantic

germans, then the general succinctly formulated. max hoffmann, chief of staff of the eastern front during the first world war, he said, all ukraine interests me until the next harvest, so nothing new anna efimova valery savelyev anastasia popova typical ukraine oh, that what could be the prospects for ukrainian agriculture, we will talk with our permanent expert alexander vasiliev. sasha good afternoon. hello, the fighting has already taken its toll on different aspects of life in ukraine and how did this affect agriculture? well, of course, the fact in which it now exists. yes, that's the fact of the fighting. yes, it is quite obvious things, but they suggest. well, look, for example, let's start with the personnel in ukraine. yes, uh, in ukraine, mobilization is going on very intensively. e, a. particularly in demand are specialists who can, e-e, operate machinery. and er, for example,

a machine operator in agriculture. it's always still soviet times. this is such a main reserve, which actually. here, for the replenishment of some kind of british troops there in general, and so on. here, too, there are, as it were, obvious problems. yes, that's just corny with a frame of joints further, and hmm continuing the same line. so , first of all, fuel for both agricultural machinery and tanks is taken, so to speak, from the same volume. and we know how, uh, ukraine is in trouble. hmm. e in this area, yes in the fuel, here and accordingly, a choice between refueling the tank and refueling the tractor. yes now is done in uh, for the benefit of the tank, here. but these are the most obvious, the simplest things. i'm not talking about the direct loss of territory, uh, which ukraine does not control today, therefore, it cannot say anything, there are some sown areas of the territory along which the front runs. yes, some things are infrastructural. well, the

optimistic official figures that are being studied in ukraine are up to 40%, but the towers. and it may be lost or cannot be processed. and that is, here it is approximately. well, let's say the number agriculture is leaving, which ukraine can actually count on in case it is not in this optimistic even for itself purely military. scenario ukraine is a major supplier of e-agricultural products to world markets sunflower grain, how the current situation will affect e-e, well, the global problem of providing e- agricultural products. eh yes here. eh, again, there are things that are completely transparent. and this is actually logistics, and this is all agricultural exports, well, almost all of it was carried out through e, ports in the south, and in the south region of the country. yes, azov and the black sea are now traditional they are closed. e, respectively, under.

eh, it was. well, let's just say that the entire infrastructure is sharpened, because you need to understand what, let's say. now more grain from the previous harvest can be exported. yes, that is, this does not mean that we have to wait there, but for now it means, uh, these winter crops , so to speak, will already have to be collected. it will be early summer. well, plus or minus, or is there to wait for autumn? no, there is already a volume of swearing, which, in principle. collected earlier but now they can't get on the world market, ukrainian railways. yes, they say that they are able to cover. well, roughly, i’m very rounding, about a third of the volume that went by sea, yes, that is, only a third to withdraw. that is, no matter how much ukraine collects. whatever these figures are, so to speak, in reality, there are optimistic, pessimistic, all the same , only a third of the previous volumes can be exported. and now, according to the latest official statement. from this potential third, more is actually being exported third. that is, very, very little. and uh, the last one, the news says that in

germany they have very seriously realized this problem for the germans, in general, uh, ukrainian grain over the past hundred years, so to speak, is such an important factor. now it will come, literally, the mobilization of the german railways to ensure that this one, and the export. well, at least some significant volumes, and grain in the first place. well, the muscovite of maslenitsa cultures from the e-e of ukraine and what happens in those territories that kiev no longer in control? what about agriculture? i know that you recently visited a region in the south of ukraine, which, so to speak, is the historical northern tavria. yes, this is an agricultural agrarian region. this is probably the hottest e in the whole south. and there, of course, when you just go on the roads. here come those winters. so they turn green. yes, agricultural machinery is clearly starting somewhere. new sowing. that is, in principle, in this region, and he refused all this agro-industrial complex. well, he didn't get hurt. there are no fighting.

no, there are some related things, and he, well, is ready for full-fledged work and, to a large extent, i can say that if this is the agricultural sector, it will work fine there. yes, it is able to cover some significant, and not only part of the deficit, as radishes have been brought to the crimea to show us today. this, of course, is also important. this is also a specialization of this region, but there, too, the historical, kherson region supplied the crimea with vegetables. there, as it were, there is more potential, and including cereals, and i repeat. there are also lions in which last year's harvest was harvested. eh, what's missing? yes, it's not enough. well, i would say more of such a systematic approach to providing. all the same combustible chemistry, grain materials and logistics, so that all this could, so to speak, from this region to some foreign markets. here's more so to speak, add organization, and we get to say that uh, if we talk about social factors, yes, then uh, the attitude of the local

population is, so to speak, loyalty. yes , socio-economic stability, it is directly connected. but with these agricultural things. well , i certainly hope for some positive dynamics here. sasha thank you very much it was very interesting. ukraine of the 18-19 centuries is an agrarian country, in which more than 80% of the people live in the countryside, and the ukrainian language is the language of communication of the villagers, so most of the plots of classical and ukrainian literature are connected with the earth and life. on it , literature in ukrainian began at the end of the 18th century with ivan kotlyarevsky's ironic retelling of verdil's poem. in it, the heroes of ancient roman mythology become cossacks and villagers, and god, olympus, grumpy and riotous gentlemen, landlords, village flavor, folk traditions and rituals organically intertwined in the classic story, success was a stunning

several reprints, the popularity of the capital 's salons and the recall of nicholas i, who listened and laughed smart pranks. and this despite the fact that for understanding kotlyaretsky compiled a special dictionary. a thousand mura of russian words of slirevskiy became an announcement of ukrainian literature, but half a century later, taras shevchenko’s poems showed the world a full-fledged and vivid poetry and again in the center of it poems of the beauty of ukraine hard work on its fertile land a lot of romance stories from the history of kazakh uprisings. and the warrior, but still the main characters are the serfs of the villagers, their hard fate, and then the populist movement of those who create peasant literature with european ideals panteleimonka only for us peaceful carrot and ivan nichulevitsky stepan rudansky and mikhail staritsky different genres and

plots comes to ukrainian culture a kaleidoscope of heroes. unites. the main thing. they come from the village or live on earth these heroes are united by the main thing, they come from the village or live on the earth, their ideas about goodness and justice, what is bad and what is not very all from there and the rural community with its naive , simple-minded, and sometimes wild mores of the 19th century. not all the heroes of this peasant literature professed european ideals about how the ukrainian classics ate plots from the life of the ukrainian village in the plot of olga mokhova what do you want to eat again to create a colorful cartoon, there once was a dog based on a ukrainian folk tale serco director eduard nazarov specially traveled to

villages and museums, local landscapes and everyday life have always been attractive to the creator of the writer, while the village gave her inspiration and vivid details, national character and invaluable evidence of the real life of the village. eh, rural life in general images. e people who live in the village is the theme. strictly speaking, with which ukrainian literature began and which it still continues and made earthly life. ukrainian. the family of a wealthy farmer is a lot about this in the literature of the 19th century. however, when serfdom, this dream was impossible to realize, yes, and after the abolition of serfdom, the redemption payments for many villagers turned out to be unbearable for the life of their land a very difficult dream of the earth, and the land rose into it and slipped out of her hands, like a haze beckoned, and how the haze disappeared was replaced by the search for justice some, like, for example, fortress mykola jerry from the novel of the same name by ivan nechu levitsky

, others run away from their native village, like a chip. in the first ukrainian rural epic, do the ramparts roar, when the manger is full, murder goes to spontaneous protests. at the very title of this novel by panas mirny is the answer to many questions. true, it cannot be said that a daring love of freedom is a hallmark of all heroes in traditional classical literature , and other images can be found. it's not slang. this is not luz, but this is another ukrainian, and he is all in worries. he, firstly, he is a hard worker, too, the truth must be told, he is a hard worker, he is not lazy, he has a definite craving. ah, to the promotion. e life class. that is, he is interested in making a profit, he has worries in everyday, but he does not seek to overthrow the government there. well, more like this everyday life of a poor family in the village of semigory near boguslav with tragicomic quarrels and colorful language. this is a story drawn by levitsky kaydashev. family, for the first time it was published in austria-hungary in lvov and only a few years later in the russian empire, the

amelka family. kadash, where sons compete, mother-in-law quarrels with daughters-in-law, and the older generation does not find a common language with the younger, typical for the ukrainian province after the abolition of serfdom the rights. shed as he chose the land. the earth is perhaps the main image of all social and everyday literature of ukraine, it is sacred for the selyanin without it, life is meaningless. the earth feeds inspires , is in dreams, and it also becomes a source of endless conflicts in the story of olga kobylyanska. the earth is already the very beginning of the 20th century, a brother kills his brother to remain the sole heir to his parental allotment, and their father, who earned his land with blood and sweat, curses it collective life and common property are not about the ukrainian village of the field, why now?

the khleborubsky genes also strengthened the national proximity to pantheism, according to which the whole universe is god, the pagan cult of nature of the ukrainian villagers. for the first time, alexander dovzhenko showed on the screen in the movie title earth, which was included in the list of masterpieces of world cinema, and another feature of ukrainian power is connected with fantasy. so colorful, described by nikolai gogol, the absolutely harmonious coexistence of two worlds, the real and the mystical state, is the soil state closeness to the patriarchal roots to the earth to the very village where it flows, a certain mythological time, where you can really steal a month, where you can really fly on this line. uh, closely

intertwined behind the cherevichki, paganism, christianity, mythology in the life of completely different ukrainians, the carpathian hutsuls, having been ruled by different states for centuries, this mountain people was able to maintain its originality, which inspired the creation of the story shadows of forgotten ancestors by the writer mikhail kotsiubinsky and film director sergei parajanov for the film adaptation of this work. interest in folklore and village life was preserved in ukrainian literature until the great industrialization at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries , people began to move en masse from the ukrainian village, and not only to neighboring cities and countries, but also to other continents to live in their native land. it was given too expensive, yes, and it was not enough for everyone in 1890 and 1910, only more than 300,000 ukrainians left the golitsy in the twentieth century, for example, the ukrainian village was faced with the colossal problem of emigration, when whole

families had to leave, in search of a better life, to leave, and to america to canada, and this was also reflected in ukrainian fiction, that is, a topic that is practically absent, for example, in russian literature one of the first about what the ukrainians experienced forever leaving the uchi region was written by vasily stefanik in a short story. the stone cross, not finding happiness in rodno, led her the hero does not hope for those in a foreign land and before leaving he puts himself a memorial cross for the peasant gap ancestral land, isolation from the roots is unthinkable, but the village of the inhuman is dying as it was in past centuries, nothing has changed, and now, only during the years of independence, more than 500 ukrainian villages have been lowered and thousands more are on the verge of extinction olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev is typical, ukraine that's all what we wanted to say. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. good luck to you.

our country of the entire planet, which means that large-scale fires undermine our efforts to preserve the climate, as is the fight against forest fires, where the most difficult situation and how assistance is provided to those who have lost their homes due to large-scale natural emergencies . well, we entered the very center in a dangerous place with the advanced column

of the forces of the lpr and the russian ministry of defense completed the cleansing of the city of popasnaya and reached the administrative border of the republic because of the liberated city. donetsk again, under the fire of ukrainian troops, including cluster munitions, there are dead on the economic consequences anti-russian sanctions as they are felt in countries that are commonly called prosperous, but why are there growing queues for free food talking about an energy crisis special report near lugansk was born. how do people live in the liberated territories? at least in thirteen regions of russia until the end of may, an increased risk of wildfires will remain, this was announced at a meeting with the president by the head of the ministry of natural resources alexander kozlov of seven regions. according to him

, we are not yet fully prepared to fight such disasters, where the most difficult situation is now and whether everywhere they solve the issue of repairing and restoring damaged housing in time, evgeny will tell incomprehensibly. the regional authorities have all the necessary powers of a resource technician to fight spring fires, but if necessary, the federal center is ready to help about this forest fires have become the longest and intensive over the past few years, the forest is an ecological shield. this is, in fact, what everyone noted and so they understand it perfectly. it is environmentally friendly to our country and the entire planet, it is he who plays a key role in absorbing global greenhouse gas emissions. so large-scale fires undermine our efforts. uh, climate change. this is a fundamental issue for the whole world for our

country. i want to emphasize all the necessary solutions to effectively fight them with fires. so what was said about it in the previous time on the federal level adopted in the legislation. uh, the powers of duties and responsibilities of both the authorities and the tenants of forest lands for fighting fires and reproducing the forest fund are spelled out in detail, within the framework of the national project for the ecology of the regions, they allocate funds to upgrade special equipment and equipment to carry out all the necessary fire-fighting measures additionally for these purposes provided for at least eight billion rubles , important decisions adopted at the end of the twentieth congress of the united russia party, i mean, the instruction the government to annually allocate an additional eight billion rubles to the region for the protection of forests. these funds were calculated and agreed upon by the constituent entities of the federation and are fully included

in the federal budget for this year and for the planning period of 2023 or 2024 in this way. now the regional authorities have. it is clear that this is a matter of complex nature. she is an element, but today i would like to hear the funds, you allocated them use and e, what prevents today to respond in a timely manner to the outbreak of fires, i repeat, it is the head of the regions who is obliged to ensure fire extinguishing, if the situation starts to get out of control, in no case should these problems be hushed up in order to objectively assess the measures that local authorities are taking steps to combat the elements. vladimir putin proposed setting a target for reducing the area of ​​forest fires, separately for each region and the country as a whole

, the situation, although not simple, is still underway. under control at the moment, according to the rio head of the ministry of emergency situations, the threats to the settlement have been eliminated. in total, since the beginning of the year, the ministry of emergency situations has recorded more than four thousand. natural fires, a special protection regime was introduced in 49 subjects, and the fire season was already open in 77. since april 28 in the kurgan region, and on may 6 in five subjects of the siberian federal district - these are the kemerovo region, kuzbass, krasnoyarsk territory, irkutsk novgorod and omsk regions as a result of fires 46 municipalities , 72 settlements and eight. snt 1,298 buildings were destroyed by fire, including 730 residential buildings, in which 1869 people lived. including 392 children, 34

people were injured. of these, 16 people died, 16 people were hospitalized, including six firefighters alexander chebrion also told how residents react to damage under fires in a panic ; those who lost their homes or property due to fire understand that they will not be abandoned alone with the problem, each region is taking measures to support those affected in the krasnoyarsk territory about a thousand people were left homeless, more than 500 houses were destroyed or damaged. in accordance with the legislation of the region, the victims are provided with payments of 15,000 per person and up to 50 in case of loss of property. in the event of death, 1 million is paid to the family, of course, the most important topic of vladimirovich is the restoration of housing is technically complex, well, the most relevant for people. here we plan to go in two main directions. the first is, of course, the construction of new houses, most likely, this will be the main

option and compensation for the construction of their own. this refers to the construction or purchase of residential premises and despite the short summer. we will try to cope with it by the end of it and completely close all problems with housing in the kemerovo region. according to the governor. the construction of a new house has already begun for 36 families affected by a major fire last saturday, if necessary, the authorities are ready to lay another building. the heads of the region, one of the main causes of fires is the human factor to catch a person who set fire, but very difficult. uh, there is an offer uh, make a responsibility. uh, agricultural owners or tenants of agricultural land. ah, for ensuring fire safety on their lands. in this way, we can influence jointly the control of these fires and the involvement

of those responsible for the organization of these fires. there was also an initiative. extend national projects until 2030 . and as noted by the minister of natural resources and ecology. he proposed to eliminate a number of administrative barriers. for more efficient the fight against forest fires is now in the wholesale, it is almost impossible to conduct a regional emergency. to attract the forces of the ministry of emergency situations , for example, last year the fire in the mordovian reserve burned for three weeks, and there was an appropriate level of response. only when the fire approached forty, so we propose that if a forest fire in a specially protected natural area could not be eliminated in 3 days, then introduce an emergency situation at the regional level, if more than 5 days, then interregional, and more than seven days at the federal level, i ask you to support our proposal on criteria for emergencies - this is exactly what you said in your opening remarks to respond without unnecessary formalities to the current situation with the possibility of additional funding from the ministry of emergency situations, and this should be such a

specific colored funding. during the meeting of the puzzle area, he drew attention to one of the serious problems associated with loans, when the property of citizens was destroyed by fire and debts to the bank. at the same time, the president instructed to work out the issue. as for consumer loans, and so, of course, it's right to just make requests, it's pointless for bankers, they will ask for support, appropriate subsidies from the federal government and the treasury this is, uh, but definitely behind this. hmm, you can think, of course, you need to see what it is able to do. uh, to what extent it is possible to support people, bearing in mind, bearing in mind mortgages and other crises, following the meeting, the president handed representatives of the region departments to keep the situation under control, organize payments to the victims, and also organize a summer rest for the children of those families that suffered from

fires? also today, vladimir putin congratulated alan gagloev on his election as head of south ossetia. you wished him success, according to the kremlin website, the president expressed hope that the new head of the republic would further strengthen relations with moscow and stressed that russia would continue to support south ossetia. network in matters of socio-economic development and national security. i remind you that on may 8, the second round of elections was held in south ossetia president leader of the opposition party. khas alan gagloev received more than 54% of the votes. the heads of several russian regions at once announced today the resignation of their powers, the head decided to resign. mari el alexander evstifeev in connection with the expiration of the governor's term on this. he himself wrote in his telegram channel thanked for the trust of the president and the inhabitants of the region for their support, the governor of the saratov region earlier announced his resignation. valery radaev, he headed the region for 10 years. selling clarified that he would not put forward his

candidate.