about the complex even in the difficult post-war years, the fourth five-year plan was completed in ukraine ahead of schedule, 25% of all agricultural products came from here 60% of beet sugar in the ukrainian ussr, more than 20% of the cattle and a third of the pigs were concentrated. yes, within the framework of the planned targets , ukraine gave a significant increase in this production, but most of this production was for the consumption of ukraine itself anya for consumption, for example, in other union republics, the production of sugar beet became one of the markers of success agrarian business in ukraine in principle, and not only in the soviet years, and then the share of the ussr in world sugar production reached 15%, but even under the tsar father by the end of the 19th century. in the russian empire. there were 120 sugar factories. one of the largest mikhailovsky refinery. in the sumy region belonged to the landowner nikolai

tereshchenko demand for refined sugar was huge and by 1870 . the annual turnover of tereshchenko's company reached a fabulous 12 million rubles at that time. it was in ukraine that huge a latifunds were created landed latifondi, the owners of which were no longer landowners, but the so-called grubby landlords. that is, these are yesterday's serfs or people from other taxable estates, who made a huge capital for themselves precisely on the production of agricultural products , odessa became the main gate of the expert on agricultural products of the russian empire. however, grain was transported to the port for a long time by horse-drawn transport in the second half of the 19th century, when in america was already rushing for sale with might and main , which ensured the cheapness of the american wheat. in odessa , the railway lines of the russian empire had just begun to be put into operation, it had to win back its share in international markets. in 1886-1890, the share of grain

in monetary terms of all russian exports was more than 51%. russia covered almost half of the needs of european countries importing bread, however. this euphoria also had a downside: grain, as a significant source of gold foreign exchange reserves, was sometimes sent abroad, even in the hungry years, acting according to the good old the formula is malnourished, but we will take out this concept more than a century later, mirroring it. western partners of the modern square were worth only the difference that they are not exported from their own country. yes, and they are not going to be malnourished. ukraine is already one of the leading agricultural producers, but it must become an agrarian power. well done. he proposed the concept. he explained to me that he appointed there is a state that is much smaller in area than ukraine but that receive much more income. eh, here, if you take ratio per hectare, but for agriculture, than, uh, ukraine. if we are talking about

making ukraine a raw agricultural appendage, for example, of the west, if this is implied by an agrarian superpower, then, well, such a concept has relatively turned out on the way to the cherished status, how food security turned out to be simply discarded today, the agricultural sector is oriented exclusively to low-income agriculture, still not. they import that's not recycled it says i'm huge they have a problem. hmm, animal husbandry, that everything is planted with grain, slavery is all the way to the roadside, all the same khrushchev corn at one time, borrowed, again in the states they say the secretary general, paid for valuable seeds, gold bars and strategic reserves of the country and, of course, sunflower culture , which unites the vaunted, but in many respects already depleted ukrainian black soil, and recently it has become. it is known that germany plans to develop a plan to create a so -called grain bridge. in order to ensure

uninterrupted supplies from ukraine by rail about 20 million tons of grain are going to be brought out on the road, all this is reminiscent of the events of a hundred years ago. front during the first world war, he said, the whole of ukraine interests me until the next harvest. so there is nothing new in this story anna efimova valeriy savelyev anastasia popova typical ukraine about what could be the prospects for ukrainian agriculture, we will talk with our permanent expert oleksandr vasiliev. sasha good afternoon. hello, the fighting has already affected different aspects of the life of ukraine. and how did this affect agriculture? well , of course, the fact in which it now exists. yes , that's the fact of the fighting. yes, it's pretty obvious

. and assumes. well, look, for example, and in ukraine, let's start with personnel. yes, uh, in ukraine, mobilization is going on very intensively. eh, and especially in-demand specialists who can, uh, manage equipment. and er, for example, a machine operator in agriculture. it's always still soviet times. yes, this is such a main reserve, which actually. here, for the replenishment of some kind of armored forces there, and so on. with this, there are already, as it were, obvious problems. yes, that's just corny with the frame of the joints on, and hmm continuing this already. we understand that fuel is primarily for agricultural machinery and tanks, it is taken, so to speak, from one and the same the same volume. and we know how, uh, ukraine is in trouble. hmm. e in this area, yes in the fuel. so, accordingly, uh, the choice is between refueling the tank and refueling the tractor. yes, now it is done in uh, for the benefit of the tank, here but these are the most

obvious, the simplest things. i'm not talking about the direct loss of territory, uh, which ukraine does not control today, therefore, it cannot say anything, there are some sown areas of the territory along which the front runs. yes , some things are infrastructural well, optimistic the official figures that sound in ukraine are up to 40%, but the towers. and it may be lost or can not be processed. and that is, here it is approximately. well, let's say, the number of psychosomatics that ukraine can actually count in the event of someone optimistic even for itself. military scenario ukraine is a major supplier of e-e agricultural products to world markets sunflower grain, how will the current situation affect e-e, well, the global problem of providing e- agricultural products. yes here, uh, again there are things that are completely transparent. and this is

the logistics itself, and all of this agricultural export, well, almost all of it was carried out through e, ports in the southern, and in the southern region of the country. yes, azov and the black sea are now traditional, now they are closed. e, respectively, under. eh, it was. well, let's just say that the entire infrastructure is sharpened, because you need to understand what, let's say. now more grain from the previous harvest can be exported. yes, that is, this does not mean that we have to wait there, but for now it means, uh, these winters so to speak, it will be necessary to collect. it will be early summer. well, plus or minus, or is there to wait for autumn? there is no longer a volume of grain, which, in principle, was collected earlier, but now they cannot get to the world market, ukrainian railways. yes, they say that they are able to cover. well, roughly, i’m very rounding, about a third of the volume that went by sea, yes, that is, only a third to withdraw. that is, no matter how much ukraine collects. whatever these figures are, so to speak, not in reality, they are optimistic pessimistic all the same

, only a third of the previous volumes can be exported. and now, according to the latest official statement. it is from this potential third that the third is actually taken out of the account . that is, very, very little. and uh, the latest news is that germany has very seriously realized this problem for the germans, in general, the ukrainian sveno over the past hundred years, so to speak, is such an important factor. now comes, literally, the mobilization of the german railways to provide this is the export. well, at least some significant volumes of cereals first of all, well, and muscovite oil crops from ukraine. and what happens in those territories that kiev no longer controls today? what about agriculture? i know that you recently visited a region in the south of ukraine, which is, so to speak, historical, northern tavria. yes, this is an agricultural agrarian region. ah, the region. this is probably the most important e

in the whole south. and there, of course, when you just go on the roads. here come those winters. so they turn green. yes, agricultural machinery is clearly starting somewhere. new sowing. that is, in principle, in this region, and this whole agro-industrial complex turned out to be, it practically did not suffer. there are no fighting. no, there are some related things, and he, well, is ready for full-fledged work and, to a large extent, i can say that if this is the agricultural sector, it will work fine there. yes, he is able to cover some significant, and part of the deficit, not only that, as it shows us today, crimea was brought there. the disk is, of course, also important. it is too specialization of this region, but there and yes historical, kherson region supplied the crimea with vegetables, in fact. there, as it were, there is more potential, and including cereals, and i repeat. there are also lions there, in which last year's harvest was harvested. eh, what's missing? yes, it's not enough. well , i would say more of such a systematic approach to providing. all the same combustible chemistry, grain

materials and logistics, so that all this could, and so to speak, get from this region to some foreign markets. here's more to add organization, and we will get. well, i can say that, uh, if we talk about social factors, yes, then, and the attitude of the local population, so to speak, is loyalty, yes, socio-economic stability is directly related. but with these agricultural things. well, i certainly hope for some positive dynamics here, respectively. thank you very much it was very interesting. ukraine of the 18-19 centuries is an agrarian country, in which more than 80% of the people live in the countryside, and the ukrainian language is the language of communication of the villagers, so most of the plots of classical and ukrainian literature associated with the earth and life. on it , literature in ukrainian began at the end of the 18th century with ivan kotlyarevsky's ironic

retelling of virgil's poem. in it, the heroes of ancient roman mythology become cossacks and villagers, and god, olympus become grumpy and riotous landowners, the village flavor, folk traditions and rituals organically intertwined in the classic plot, the success was a stunning several reprints, the popularity of the capital 's salons and the recall of nicholas i who listened and laughed smart pranks. and this despite the fact that for understanding kotlyaretsky compiled a special dictionary. 1,000 little russian words of slirevskiy became an announcement of ukrainian literature, but half a century later, taras shevchenko’s poems showed the world a full-fledged and vivid poetry, and again, in the center of his poem, the beauty of ukraine, hard work on its fertile earth, is a lot of romance of plots from the history of kazakh uprisings. and the warrior, but still the main characters are the serfs of the villagers, their hard

fate, and then the populist movement of those who create male literature with european ideals comes to ukrainian culture panteleimon kulish and for us peaceful carrot and ivan nichulevitsky stepan rudansky named after mikhail staritsky different genres and plots are a whole kaleidoscope of heroes. unites. the main thing. they come from the village or live on earth these heroes are united by the main thing, they come from the village or live on the earth their idea of ​​goodness and justice about what is bad and what is not very everything from there and the rural community with its naive simple-minded, and sometimes wild customs of the 19th century. not all the heroes of this peasant literature professed european ideals about how the ukrainian classics ate. plots from the life of the ukrainian village in the plot of olga

mokhova what is there again do you want to create a colorful cartoon, there once was a dog based on the ukrainian folk tale serko directors eduard nazarov specially traveled to villages and museums , local landscapes and everyday life have always been attractive to creators, but the village gave writers and inspiration and vivid details, national character and invaluable evidence of the real life of the village. eh, rural life in general images. e people who live in the village is the theme. as a matter of fact, with which began ukrainian literature and which it still continues and made earthly life. ukrainian. the family of a wealthy farmer is a lot about this in the literature of the 19th century. however, under serfdom, this dream could not be realized. and after the abolition of serfdom, redemption payments for many villagers turned out to be unbearable for the life of their land. very difficult.

lily on the dream of the earth, and the earth rebelled against her and slipped out of her hands, like a haze beckoned and how the haze disappeared was replaced by a search for justice some, like, for example, fortress mikula jerry from the novel of the same name by ivan nechu levitsky , others flee from their native village, like a chip. in the first ukrainian rural epic. do the ramparts roar when the manger is full of spontaneous protests ? murder. in the very title of this novel by panas mirny the answer to many questions. true, it cannot be said that a daring love of freedom is a hallmark of all heroes in traditional classical literature, and other images can be found. it's not slang. this is not luz, this is another ukrainian. at that he is all in worries. he, firstly, he is a hard worker, too, the truth must be told, he is a hard worker , he is not lazy, he has a definite craving. uh, higher living class. that is, he is interested in making a profit. he has

everyday worries, but he does not seek, there, to overthrow the government. he has more of such an everyday life of a poor family in the village of semigory near boguslav with tragicomic quarrels in colorful language. this is the story of nothing levitsky kaydashev. family, it was first published in austria-hungary during lvov and only a few years later in the russian empire, the amelka family. kadash, where the sons of the mother-in-law compete with the daughters-in-law, and the older generation does not find a common language with the younger typical for the ukrainian province after the abolition of serfdom. good wes and the migrest he slept at night from a sprat, potter spilled the earth - this is perhaps the main image of all the social and everyday literature of ukraine, it is sacred for the peasant without it, life is meaningless the earth feeds inspires is in dreams, and it also becomes a source endless conflicts in the story of olga kobylyanskaya. the land is already the very beginning of the 20th century,

a brother kills a brother to remain the sole heir to the parental allotment, and their father, who later earned his land with blood, curses it . collective life and common property - this is not about a ukrainian village . no, well, he even has the best son of wine. happiness grain-growers genes have also strengthened the national proximity to pantheism, according to which the whole universe is god, the pagan cult of nature ukrainian villagers for the first time, alexander dovzhenko showed on the screen in the movie title earth, which was included in the list of masterpieces of world cinema , and another feature of ukrainian power is spontaneously connected. so colorful, described by nikolai gogol, is the absolutely harmonious coexistence of two worlds, a real and a mystical state. this soil state is closeness to the patriarchal roots to the

earth to the very village where, moreover, a certain mythological time flows, where it ’s really to hell that it’s just a month where you can really fly on this line. uh for closely intertwined, paganism, christianity, mythology, and in the lives of completely different ukrainians, the carpathian hutsuls, having been ruled by different states for centuries, this mountain people was able to preserve its originality, which inspired the creation of the story shadows of forgotten ancestors by writer mikhail kotsiubinsky and film director sergei paradzhanov for the film adaptation this work. interest in folklore and village life was preserved in ukrainian literature until the great industrialization at the turn of the 19th and in the 20th century, people began to move en masse from the ukrainian village, and not only to neighboring cities and

countries, but also to other continents to live in their native land. it was given too expensive, yes, and it was already not enough for everyone in 1890 and 1910, only more than 300,000 ukrainians left the golitsy in the twentieth century, for example, the ukrainian village faced a colossal problem of emigration, when whole families had to leave in search of a better life to leave, and to america to canada, and this is also reflected in fiction the ukrainian theme, which is practically non-existent, for example, in russian literature, one of the first about what ukrainians experienced when they left forever, vasily stefanik wrote in the short story, a stone cross, not finding happiness in her village the hero does not hope to find him in a foreign land and before leaving, put yourself a memorial cross for the selyanin breaking the land of the ancestors, being cut off from the roots is unthinkable, but the village of the inhuman is dying as it was in past centuries, nothing has changed, and now only during the years of independence, more than 500 ukrainian

villages and thousands more are on the verge of extinction olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev typical, ukraine that's all we wanted to tell. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. good luck to you. and vladimir putin appointed a number of interim heads of the russian regions. earlier, several governors announced their resignations at once. the president has already held meetings via videoconference with new leaders since the rio governor. mari el became yuri zaitsev, before that he headed the government, kalmykia is a post, will replace alexander estifika, who resigned

from the idea of ​​the expiration of the governor 's term for the near future, certainly familiar to the republic. where are you supposed to work? i would like to hear from you after getting acquainted with the affairs of the mari el cafe, what do you consider the most important, what do you consider necessary to pay special attention to the socio-economic situation - it is important how people live. what tea rooms what uh problems of trouble, when i formulate all this, i will form it into some kind of such, uh, complete program. i'll be ready already. well, again , even if you allow it, maybe in person . i would uh report my vision to you as uh in the future. uh, i intend to develop the region. that's because, in principle, kalmykia and mari el

are, of course, similar in some respects. here, in terms of economics, they are similar in terms of budget volume, well, there are small differences, there are, therefore, in principle, er understanding. i'll probably get well enough quickly. e, yuryevich so i think that you made a reservation when you said, you said that you need to see how people live. this is also important. this is the main thing, based on how people live. what are their needs, what is lacking there today, based on this, we need plans to build development. but i very much hope that you will do this in the near future and tell me about it again. in rio, the governor of the kirov region was appointed alexander sokolov

, who worked in the presidential department to ensure the activities of the state council, previously the region was headed by igor vasilyev of the kirov region, a serious industrial production prospects are good resource base is very good. you have read this and introduce yourself and the main areas of cooperation with regional authorities, therefore, of course, the regions. i'm studying the kirov region and looked. i won't say that i know by heart all the problems that exist there, but i understand that this is a serious face, the industrial complex is, in fact, industrial. heavy industry company. there are interesting experiences in agriculture and construction. e. i think we can together with people. they work there, together with entrepreneurs , together with the heads of municipalities and

solve many issues. right now they said the right things together with the people who work there. well, of course, you need to know about alexander valentinovich. uh, you need to know, of course. on the tooth, uh, and problems. the region and the prospects or directions of development, so i really count on the fact that just with them colleagues who work there with the relevant government structures. here in moscow it is not difficult to do this, i mean your experience in administration. hmm, all this is needed. yes , as it should be studied and then in cooperation and construction and with colleagues on the spot in the kirov region itself. determine the main directions of development and, of course, the tools. ways to achieve the goal, of course. the new head in the

ryazan region is pavel malkov, who previously headed rosstat, his predecessor nikolai lyubimov, whose powers were expiring this year, said that he would not run for the post of head of the development region. you were the deputy government. in this case, the saratov region. that is, you understand what real life is real economy. uh, and uh, they work in the ministry of economic development of russia, they probably studied the ryazan region of russia. uh, please, i would like to hear your vision of the main problems in the region and the direction of development. let's go baby, of course, i have been to ryazan many times and on official business with personal visits, a very interesting bright region. uh, wonderful history of their own culture, of course people, and here people are the main priority, that is, first of

all, of course, we will have to deal with the problems that worry people and start solving them pointwise, and in parallel we will develop a strategy for the development of the region, a certain vision of how it should be positioned now in modern economic realities. i think that this will take about a month and i will be ready to report on these proposals if trust is proven. good within a month. yes, yes, well agreed, but i hope that you are thoroughly loaded with problems. roman basargin, the former head of the government of the saratov region became the governor of the region in rio, he will replace valery radaev vladimirovich in this post about the saratov region, you do not need to tell you come from the saratov region and all your life. i look at the documents all my life practically worked here. now you are the chairman of

the government, that is, you are directly engaged in economic work. what is the key activity of any region romanovich how do you assess the current situation and the nearest prospects? uh, vladimir vladimirovich, we currently have a planned e, development prospects are c. first of all, socio-economic issues and issues related to people and investment potential. last year. uh, the region graduated for the first time in 10 years. uh, budget surplus. therefore, if trust is proven to you, then i will try to apply all my experience as much as possible and justify it. the experience you have is really great and the results are generally satisfactory. i want to wish them success. oh, and i hope that everyone your knowledge experience knowledge of the region will benefit the

people you just mentioned, e. for the benefit of the saratov region i am sure that this is an area that has such great potential. er, with such great potential, of course, leadership. this potential will be multiplied many times over and will be used in the best possible way. in rio, the governor of the tomsk region was appointed vladimir mazur, who was previously deputy head of the kremlin's department for domestic policy. he will replace sergey zhvachkin in this post, who led the region for two gubernatorial terms since 2012 looked you were the deputy governor of the tyumen region the head of the administration of tobolsk here, uh, that is, you know yourself well in general. what do you think about the development of the tomsk region, which

is certainly one of the key ones not only in siberia but also in the country. on the whole, the potential is colossal. i didn’t even talk about educational plasters, please. thank you leonidovich indeed. the potential of the city of tomsk is very high and there, er, the land of such talented hard-working people, uh, start science ending. well, at least these lands are risky in finishing, but so is agriculture. and of course, now the priority tasks are to look at the socio-economic state. this is healthcare to make people's lives better, more comfortable, safer. and of course, it is important today, in our time, to focus on the development of new jobs, the new economic potential of which we, in fact, together with people, taking into account

experience, certainly have. e, we will not let you down, we will achieve good results. i am sure about that. i wish you success. in the third reich, it was declared impossible to conquer the soviet people without depriving them of their future. that is why the nazis killed civilians. and by the way, now the kiev regime is following the same tactic about how the nazis justified all this in the documentary without a statute of limitations. in september 1943, in the village of gostagaevskaya, krasnodar territory, german invaders, under pain of execution, took away 40 children from their parents aged 8 to 13 years old. allegedly to be sent on vacation to defend, but of course, no one listened to them

planted. uh, a car and a truck was taken out for the german military hospital, the head of the hospital arrived at the german military hospital in the temryuk region . he ordered the children to be taken to the treatment room from there they were carried out already in their arms completely bled. and dumped into a common grave. it took, not aryan blood. this was not the only mass murder of children in the south of the country, the geography of the crime, the nazis against minors go far beyond the borders of the region is very scary and very creepy to talk about the details. it is impossible to conquer, people, without depriving his future that is why they killed not only soldiers with weapons in their hands on the field.