ukrainian security forces fired on dokuchaevsk, two operators of the rt television channel were wounded, they also opened fire on a gas station, as a result, one person died, there were wounded the kiev army used hail and heavy artillery on the residential quarters of yasinovataya gorlovka and zaitsev, there was a blow to donetsk, and almost three people were killed hundreds of shells and mines fired from the dpr report by alexandra recruits from the dpr closely follow the instructor's every move and word. after all, these fighters have no room for error. soon newcomers

sappers will go to various units of the people's militia of the republic, but first you need to complete the training, the teachers here are the specialists of the international mine action center of the russian ministry of defense, their combat experience, including in the hot spots in syria karabakh . own program. for those who only yesterday were civilian reservists of a separate and deeper course of study, we have their very complete cycles, that is, installing engineering ammunition about working with them also. e work with explosion hazardous objects cleaning the area of ​​explosive objects. we receive information from the front, generalize and implement it in our educational process here at the training ground and theory. and, of course, practice is our mines , a fragmentation circular defeat, such as the zm-72. directional action such as mon-50 high-explosive pressure mines such as pmm, pmm-2, mini-surprises, various training courses last about 2 weeks, but

experts say this is quite enough. the first release of 25 people is already working in mariupol clearing the area around one of the city 's electrical substations after the restoration of the main infrastructure facilities such as lines and power lines. water pipelines, drains, respectively, roads with the help of special robotic equipment in the liberated territories are also working. combined detachments of sappers of the ministry of emergency situations of russia and the dpr in the vicinity of mariupol have already discovered more than 200 anti-personnel mines and hundreds of shells of various calibers tg-40 mixture. that is, lethal non-lethal. e stop cover completely the most important thing is not to step liberated mari meanwhile, the long-awaited has already returned to the city. here the water was given normal. i open it. water again began

to flow from the starokrymsky reservoir. after the power supply was restored here at the water station, the turbines began to make noise again. here are the devices that show. how much water do we give us the city 800 700 and 1.000. while the so-called technical water is supplied, but after a few days after disinfection , clean, drinking water will go in the houses of mariupol residents in the first place. this is the oktyabrsky district. after that, we will slowly connect e, primorsky district further we have plans e, ilyichevsk and later levoberezhnaya in mariupol continue to work and employees of the investigative committee of russia, collecting all the new evidence in the war crimes of the kiev regime against the civilian population, local residents tell the investigators how the nationalists blew up and robbed their apartments. and expensive things

many of them were looted. and they also drank a lot of cartridges lying around, they destroyed all the furniture things and launched strangers in our apartment. you specifically lost some personal belongings of some kind of property, all collected testimonies and the evidence will form the basis of criminal cases so that those who committed these crimes do not go away from responsibility alexander blinov sergey eliseev alexey yeldin. andrei rudenko and oleg bondarenko news from the donetsk people's republic. hello on the air international review in the studio fyodor lukyanov today in the program international review events of the week of chronicles facts comments new realities of modern politics neutrality as support for aggression plot from poland competition for asian markets russian oil offered at a discount

materials of our program. asia-pacific future prospects for the osians, the philippines elect a president the european military-political crisis has created another tectonic shift the president and prime minister of neutral finland together supported the country's entry into nato sunday nato membership approves, the ruling social democratic workers' party of sweden also neutral admission process will begin in june. the atlantic bloc summit procedure will not be dragged out by political obstacles. no join criteria. both states comply with the decision of helsinki and stockholm are changing the landscape of european security, the border between russia and nato is being extended by almost 1300 km in the arctic and there will be a clinch of eight countries of the

arctic council. seven, in addition to russia is part of the alliance, russian retaliatory measures have already been promised military-technical and other nature, the phrase military-technical measures sounds this year's winter. invigorating against the backdrop of further militarization is the conceptual question of whether such a thing as neutrality remains in political use at all, before it served as a security option as an alternative to participation in military blocs. now everything after the second world war, five states of europe declared themselves neutral. these are austria, sweden-finland, ireland and switzerland. independent austria was reborn in the fifty-fifth after the withdrawal of the occupying forces. under an agreement between the allies, the condition for sovereignty was the consolidation of a neutral status in the constitution. and during the reign of federal chancellor bruno krassky, the neutrality of

austria became part of the national identity of the country ireland since 1949 was ready to negotiate with the united states in a bilateral defense treaty, but postponed entry into the necessary until then until the eternal northern irish issues are resolved, two paris treaties of 47 formed the basis of finnish neutrality and the soviet-finnish treaty of the forty-eighth year of the ussr did not include to finland in the orbit of its influence. and finland , for its part. get out of joining western organizations and maintain friendly and mutually beneficial relations with the ussr, this policy was called the line. pasekevi, kekkonin, the two most famous leaders of the country in the sixties, the islands, cyprus and maita, were added to the neutral state of europe. at the same time, cyprus cannot enter the blog, since part of the island is

occupied by nato member turkey . france also had difficult relations with the alliance in february 1966, french president charles de gaulle announced the withdrawal of the country from the military structure. nato only in 2009 the country finally returned to the military structure of the bloc, and spain joined nato only in the eighty-second after the death of franco in austria, by the way, an impressive majority is in favor of strictly observing the non-bloc regime, and the finnish case is remarkable, the special status of finland after world war ii war served as an example of an ideal compromise, despite the hostile attitude. and finland and the ussr fought from the end of the thirties cream, did not begin to make from the former parts of the russian empire is another hotbed of people's democracy. helsinki regained sovereignty on the condition of voluntary limitation of its non-participation in

western institutions. the deal of autonomy plus economic preferences in exchange for strict neutrality lasted until the collapse of the soviet union after the cold war. the concept of finlandization has acquired a purely negative meaning, although objectively it was the best solution for the second half of the last century. in the middle of the last decade, when the ukrainian crisis began to escalate, and the finnish model for ukraine was mentioned by some american commentators up to and including jizzinsky and kisinger, but the possibility of a geopolitical compromise of this kind with russia was not allowed. today. a lot of people are probably sorry. lived the concept of neutrality in a world where everything peddling we turned to a brilliant sign and in russia is visible and swiss diplomats , among other things, until last year went to moscow and into

the very idea of ​​neutrality. it is still in effect, what is it with neutrality a lot of misunderstandings everyone understands. beneath it, something of its own, the basic principle of neutrality is written into the very old conventions of 1907 . the neutral side must not participate in the armed conflict. she even has the right to sell weapons, but she only has to do it to both sides, that's all. and then there are a lot of different specific options. swedish neutrality is not similar to austrian, and finnish irish, not to mention from turkmenistan, only switzerland, in principle, the following neutrality was invented in europe. it was a reaction to the wars. neutrality switzerland was established by great powers at the congress of vienna russia france austria britain and so on. almost 500 years ago, in the first half of the 16th century, switzerland ceased to fight independently in europe, although it readily provided

mercenary services to other european countries, everything changed. in 1815, at the congress of vienna, when, at the insistence of the russian empire, switzerland officially announced eternal neutrality and this status was recognized by all its members. one hundred years after the first world war, the status was confirmed by the treaty of versailles, and then the neutrality of switzerland was officially recognized by the league of nations. in thirty-four, the swiss opened numbered, completely anonymous bank accounts. what allowed many rich people of the world to hide their cash or other valuables in the alpine country at the height of the second world war, when nazi germany occupied france and isolated the alpine republic inside totalitarian europe, the swiss government. she mobilized her entire army in just 3 days, but the germans did not send troops into switzerland perhaps because switzerland kept

nazi assets in its banks. including the so -called jewish gold and refused to accept jewish refugees, despite pressure from the allies that it did not trade with the axis countries, the swiss confederation continued to maintain relations with germany and even became richer only 30 years ago, already in the nineties , switzerland modernized its concept of foreign policy. including on the issue of neutrality, the country agreed to participate in collective security systems in multilateral actions according to the deer, he and the obse it came to be considered compatible with the neutral status. joining any military alliance is still excluded. however, on march 16 of this year, the swiss confederation joined russian sanctions and blocked russian assets. maintain neutrality so that

the route from north to south of europe would be open to the great powers. it was not necessary to fight for it . the austrian model after the second world war in a way. similarly, the occupying forces left, but on certain conditions. in the case of switzerland. there is a second point. by the way, this is similar to ukraine we are a very diverse country neutrality a way to remain united, if during the first world war we had to choose between germany and france the state would fall apart our policy was to ensure that everyone was sure that switzerland would remain out of the conflict, so that did not happen, therefore we do not enter into any alliances and so on. now, in connection with the ukrainian crisis, we received a specific request from germany to send weapons to ukraine, which contains swiss components. we refused to participate in the sanctions. and this is allowed by the neutral status. here you have to be careful. non-legal categories and political is not

regulated by the convention of 1907, nothing is said neutrality is a living concept. she adapts to the circumstances. swiss neutrality developed after the first world war. for example, we applied the sanctions imposed by the league of nations after the second world war, we adhered to a stricter version of neutrality , we proceeded from the fact that participation in the sanctions is not corresponds to the perception of the country as neutral and did not allow any measures against south africa, rhodesia, and so on, when we joined the un, we changed the approach to apply sanctions if they are imposed by the security council, and then we passed a law according to which switzerland has close relations with european union and integration into the single market. we can, under certain circumstances, join the sanctions. the eu is constantly changing compare our position in 2014 . and now then we didn't impose any sanctions. we made sure that no one used

switzerland to circumvent other people's restrictions this time. we decided that the application of european sanctions influenced the nature and extent of the conflict. this is another step towards the transformation of neutrality. i do not rule out that in a few years everything will change again, nothing prevents neutral countries from imposing sanctions, nothing forces them to do this political decision and switzerland does not subside disputes on this topic. can neutrality protect against threats? we now see two countries in finland sweden that refuses neutral status because they do not believe that it will protect them. can neutrality serve as a guarantee of security? in general, this was also discussed in relation to ukraine, no neutrality. as such it does not protect. belgium is a compelling example. she was neutral from the first and second world wars both times. she was occupied by germany. they got fed up and joined nato in addition to being neutral. some kind of security guarantee. remember the recent

negotiations in istanbul, there was a question about the neutrality of ukraine, but also about who would speak guarantor of security and territorial integrity in 1815, alexander the first not only forced us to a neutral status, which did not contradict our desires, but also set the conditions for creating our own army. and before that, we didn’t have the federal army, we were ordered to have it in order to defend that very path from the north of europe to the south, in general, neutrality in itself, insecurity, we need external guarantees of international law alone, switzerland is not a popular intermediary, but in situations like now, maybe you need a mediator from afar. well, i don’t know danesia, mexico, anyone, because switzerland is still a part. the west has golden rules for mediation. first, both parties must ask you. you don't come with the words hello. i'm a good swiss guy, come on. i have you. imagine the neighbors are fighting behind your wall

, you ring the doorbell to them and say, i'll measure you now, probably, they will stop to do the only thing together to throw you out, the second being neutral and not joining is not a prerequisite. look at turkey trades intensively with russia and sells combat drones. ukraine goes to nato but plays an active role as a mediator in this conflict norway to the alliance but successfully mediates in africa in central and south america neutrality is useful, however, the main ability to contribute switzerland has a rich tradition and skills mozambique cuba mediation between the us and iran russia and georgia we have often hosted difficult sensitive meetings, closed to the public, regarding the current conflict, since switzerland decided to apply sanctions against russia and ended up on the list of unfriendly countries, our prospects for mediation are unlikely, at least. right now in the cold war there was a non-alignment movement

, a group of powerful countries that didn't want to join any bloc but wanted to play a role in the international arena. maybe it's time to remember this again about what matters today. this is the economy and military forces in the world. there are two giant powers the us and china, the ukrainian crisis is no doubt reinforcing this disposition, and i believe that what is happening is a tragedy not only for ukraine, but also for russia and europe , there is no place left between the giants, if russia burns bridges with europe where it goes, it will have no choice but to move towards china and europe finally, it turns out under the american blonde. so for me it's not a question of alliances or not joining. it is a matter of strengthening the two demonic powers. thank you, we spoke with a swiss diplomat. and russia and finland remembered you about comfortable bunkers in case nuclear war prudent finns never

forgot about civil defense. the paradox is actually joining nato should strengthen national security, but so far it is alarming that now the russians will cover, especially in the interim period, when the application has already been submitted, but the guarantee has not yet been received for this case, however, there is the ubiquitous boris johnson inflicted stockholm's visit to helsinki and assured. if anything, the uk will not quit, did not explain how, but reassured. a week later, discussions continued in europe about the sixth package of sanctions against russia and does it include a ban on the import of russian oil? and? if yes, then from what moment are compromises until there is a rock hungary yes, and a number of other countries of eastern europe are asked to enter into their position, and the economic ordeals of the period of the economic war alexandra popova from warsaw

what to do if you are terribly hungry, and the gas stove does not light up a little olive some chili oil napkins, aluminum paper, and all this to create sparks. now just put it in the microwave for a few seconds and voila! ladies and gentlemen, makeshift fire, ready. more recently, usually entertaining films. just inspiration from american tv shows. today is quite serious and educational videos. after the start of the conflict in ukraine, a real fashion for savings began in europe, that if we suddenly turn off the gas in the stores, we run out of food, and it is no longer possible to order pizza by phone, the tin can is not opened, and there is no rust on it. there are no holes in it, you can be sure that even after the expiration date, the contents of the jar will still be convenient, not only canned. sugar salt honey in

rice beans in case of war or cataclysm with a set of the necessary ten products. we greatly increase our chances of survival , they say we invent catastrophes that will never happen. but what if they happen now in most houses and apartments there are electric stoves, if there is no electricity, you will immediately have problems. how about food? it does not matter where you live in the city or in the countryside, it is worth buying such a stove, but even when no internet stove and found a solution to a real sensation. recently, the so-called cooking by candlelight has been carried out, which will warm the apartment and bring some romance into it, a procedure that is simple, everything that is needed. these are several canned candles. a small frying pan or saucepan and egg products, of course. smash mix mix

need a little patience, well, after 15-20 minutes, the scrambled eggs are ready. the older generation is much more practical in life, pan stanislav does not have a craving for wastefulness, his mother taught him so he charges the phone away from home. she is at work the tv never works unnecessarily. and water even after washing dishes. it can also be useful, for example, in the garden. i know that water, which i once considered an unlimited blessing, can run out, so i try to limit my consumption of such simple actions. they can also help save the household budget, especially when inflation is raging around at 13%. every week in the

supermarket. i spend about 400 pln. and this is only for chemistry, not counting products. need more buy sausage meat, and still pay utility bills, electricity, gas and garbage collection. and if a person still has a loan that needs to be repaid, today he is simply not able to live with dignity for farmers who have so far been ready for market fluctuations. now he predicts that everyone will have to face. and the reality is not according to the cops, how i live, i do not remember the situation when it was not known what will happen tomorrow or the day after tomorrow. what resources will be at my disposal, who will be angry with whom? who will be offended by whom, this is the world in in which we now live together, with the changing world, the human approach to savings is also changing. what used to be considered greed today has become called prudence, as europeans no longer treat it with contempt to me. this is now the creative trait of man. worthy imitation of alexander popov, mark arranged specifically for international viewing. sooner or

later, the embargo against russia will agree on the process of restructuring the world oil market will continue we will talk about this today with a very knowledgeable guest fu ch nyu is one of the most respected chinese oilmen who at various times led the largest national companies, cn oc and the haymaker spanish fu how the eu’s refusal of russian oil will affect world markets, firstly, it will take time in europe to come to an agreement, if they want consensus by the end of the year they will have to work hard on it. secondly, the costs to the eu are much higher than expected. now they are adding fuel to the fire of inflation with their own hands, which is already hitting many countries, by imposing sanctions on russia, they are imposing them and there is no doubt that economic development in the eu will slow down, it is worth thinking more than once before doing something. third, in the end. they will not

agree, and this will have a huge impact on the world market. it will take the eu at least 3-5 years to replace russian oil and gas at the moment with producers around the world there is no way to do this in a short time, no resources, no infrastructure. oil prices will remain high, unless, of course, there is a global economic crisis. at this time, many european countries. you will have to get used to fuel shortages even taking into account the recession in europe and the united states and around the world prices will never return to what they were a couple of years ago, in general, when we forecast the markets, it is not enough to look only at the ratio of supply and demand, you need to take into account the general world situation. in particular , global inflation, which affects all raw materials and a global slowdown in growth. in particular , the us markets do not inspire confidence in the energy sector alone. it won't tell us everything. top five

asia's oil-producing countries now include saudi arabia china iraq the united arab emirates and kuwait last year. in saudi arabia, the kingdom increased oil production by 10% compared to 2020 and its oil supplies to china increased by 3%, while china itself increased production, and iraq increased it by an impressive 14%. the main consumers of oil in asia are china, india, japan and south korea, the needs of these countries have traditionally been met mainly by middle eastern oil, but since 2017, significantly part of it began to come from russia, it is noteworthy that in march of this year, after the introduction of anti-russian sanctions by the west. india has reserved 16 million barrels from russia, other countries, including china, have not yet begun to renew existing contracts, according to the forecasts of the chinese institute.

economics and technology in the coming decade , china's oil consumption will rise and reach a peak by 2030. a significant increase in consumption is expected to almost double and in india in the past fiscal year, the country doubled spending the purchase of crude oil, bringing them to 62 billion dollars in early may, a meeting of opec plus was held, during which moscow ilyad. we agreed not to deviate from the planned increase in production from july this year, in this way the association decided not to react to the rise in oil prices against the backdrop of a special operation in ukraine . but there are embargoes and other measures of pressure on russia, because it seems that oil production in russia will fall due to western sanctions. russia will need year two in order to normalize the situation with oil and gas asia will certainly become a major buyer of russian oil, but it is not in a

position to immediately replace russia with european markets. there is simply not enough infrastructure for this. there is no doubt that china india and other asian countries will be able to consume russian oil, but we must prepare for this. russia needs to work very closely with consumers in order to establish all the necessary connections in the shortest possible time. and, of course, russia has a good opportunity to balance its economy and reduce its dependence on raw material revenues by developing other industries. it's perfect necessary for the country. according to british petroleum last year, china became the sixth oil producer in the world after the us russia saudi arabia canada and iraq last year the country produced almost 200 million tons of black gold, increasing production by 2.5%, the amount of reliable chinese oil reserves on land is more 5 billion tons, and on the

pacific shelf another 4 billion, but the chinese industry does not have enough oil produced and the country imports it in large volumes mainly from the middle east from russia in 2020 china bought even twice as much oil than it produced in 2021 , about half was supplied to saudi arabia and russia last year, the price of saudi and russian oil was the same, it was about $69 per barrel, while china reduced oil imports by 10% and used up reserves 4 months ago rosneft signed a long-term agreement with cnpc for the supply of 100 million tons of oil through kazakhstan, the transaction amount is $ 80 billion over the next 10 years, the company will export a quarter of everything to china extracted raw materials. in general, the

outlook for myself is in the ongoing changes, with a few exceptions, japan korea, some small countries. asia will not support the pressure that the west is putting on russia and continue to cooperate with russia; china has a strategic partnership with russia. china is a fast growing country and will need huge amounts of energy resources. but i will do it again in the coming years. we need efforts to create infrastructure. now the main infrastructure links russia with europe to china all the time they threaten sanctions for interaction with russia, but they also think that beijing will meet them, especially after what has happened in the past six years with the advent of trump. we have already seen it all and the west will not succumb. thank you. we had a case.