and we watch documentaries for free without registration in the application or on the website. a month after sima began to give valuable testimony, another witness, lieutenant colonel of the medical service of the japanese army, during interrogation, he also mentioned the creator and leader of the detachment, 731 siru and these from the testimony of the lieutenant colonel of the medical service of the japanese army in april 1945 . during lunch in the officers' canteen,

which was attended by the heads of the department of the detachments, among which i was ishii said, literally the following, if the war with the soviet union begins our squad intends to attack with plague germs, as this is the most effective means, so it is necessary to introduce increased training for the breeding of plague fleas after this. personally, i received a written order. strengthen the work on breeding mice and fleas, and this order said that in view of the difficulties. reproduction of white mice requires extensive work with field mice. thus, at the height of the tokyo trial, the soviet side already had witnesses who could confirm the reality of the plans of militaristic japan to start a bacteriological war against the ussr, the collected information was presented to the chief prosecutor , joseph kino, he considered it desirable to use the protocols of testimonies of former japanese servicemen for the court with their delivery to the tribunal to give

evidence. however, soon the position of the united states changes sharply from the memorandum of the accuser from the ussr at the tokyo trial of vasilyev, the ministers of foreign affairs of the ussr to vyshinsky around the beginning of 1947. we, being in tokyo, received from moscow multiple protocols. during the interrogation of japanese prisoners of war who were in the ussr on the question of preparations for bacteriological warfare, these materials were introduced. chief prosecutor joseph kinna, who was very restrained in these materials in the prosecution, and then clearly negatively, prosecutor joseph kinan refused to consider these materials at the tokyo trial, considering them insufficient for prosecution, the real motives of the americans will become clear pretty soon bacteriological a war can be waged by several ways. the first sabotage squads of suicide bombers

penetrate deep into the enemy’s territory and infect rivers and other reservoirs with plague; the second option is the use of artillery shells that place infected objects and fire at the enemy’s territory with them, but all this was not effective enough to make a weapon of mass destruction out of plague bacteria. the convention has already been ratified prohibiting bacteriological attacks it was believed that no side of the world enjoys bacteriological. therefore, it was very difficult to develop tactics for him. using, for example, a plague wand to use it as a weapon. she needed to be sprayed. however, in the process of transportation, the bacteria died, so scientists studied, among other things, ways to move bacteria to enemy territory. and how to use them during the

fighting as a weapon, for example, what happens if you spray bacteria from the sky like rain or inject a plague bacillus into mice and release them into the wild or infect fleas with bacteria, plagues, wonderful fleas turned out to be very in an effective way, and it was the invention of the syrup and the syrian general who was mentioned at yes. testimony of former members of detachment 731 was the main ideologist of japan's preparations for bacteriological warfare, he studied medicine at the kyoto imperial university and received the profession of microbiologist. it was a lieutenant general. ah, medical service. so he had a lot of experience with us. e in terms of medical. uh, research on the same, well,

introduced by the militarist another person. shiro would not have done this and he came up with these stuff bombs made of ceramics with fleas. at the explosion. they simply broke into fragments, and the infected insects remained unharmed . the fruit of a special bomb was placed, which was the so- called bloodhound bombs and, accordingly. ah, like, it would be dropped on a-a whole areas in which the chinese population lived and thus infection occurred. before being put into practice, the effectiveness of such bombs was tested by the japanese military at special training grounds with the participation of living people from the testimony of major general medical service kiyoshi kawashina, human test subjects used for these experiments. in the amount of 15 people were delivered from the inner prison of the detachment and tied to poles specially dug into the ground, the plane flew over the

training ground and dropped about two dozen bombs that, not reaching the ground from a hundred to 200 m , exploded from them, plague fleas fell out, with which the bombs were stuffed, these plague fleas spread throughout the territory. bacteriological weapons, the japanese military planned to use primarily in the area khabarovsk blagoveshchensk ussuriyskaya cheats, but this plan was not destined to come true on august 8, 1945 . the soviet union declared war on japan and the next day began an active one. having inflicted a crushing defeat on the kwantong army, the japanese actually admitted defeat in world war ii solely because of the entry of the soviet union, the war was very good for us in khabarovsk. this is known because the command of the soviet red army was there when the

crushing blow of the japanese kwanton army was dealt. and this was actually the beginning of the end of the japanese war machine, honorary citizen. khabarovsk ivan kartashov went through the entire great patriotic war ivan fedorovich participated in the liberation of manchuria and the defeat of the kwantung army, a very cruel war, they know how to fight. armed birches are strong. a lot of bacteriological weapons have been prepared sincerely, the task was to seize the far east to baikal, destroy everyone and take possession of our riches of our far east and the far juice, the richest region of our country. so crushed in 24 days i didn’t let a single plane into sports, how many two or three planes took off there, we shot them all down and then accompanied our troops to the bonjury throughout the entire territory of 580 km, freeing all the cities. here

it is a worthwhile feat, a real feat of the red army, when up to 700,000 japanese troops were captured in the shortest possible time with minimal losses. general usero and shii, as well as most of the members of detachment 731, managed to escape from manchuria even before the arrival of soviet troops, first to korea and then to their homeland, where they ended up in zone of american occupation, materials on the preparation of bacteriological weapons, experimental data and strains of bacteria. they took it with them. these studies were of great interest to the american army. that is why everyone who was involved in these studies was detained by the american army. they were subjected to thorough interrogations, it was assumed that their experience could be useful if the united states themselves began to create biological weapons. in japan, gray syria fell into the hands of the commander-in-chief of the allied

by the occupying forces of us army general douglas macarthur, it is obvious that after several interrogations, the scale and value of classified information became clear to the us military. which had a famous japanese microbiologist and his team in exchange for the information provided, he was promised. uh, don't condemn as a defendant. and in general, in principle, to withdraw from the field of view of the tokyo tribunal, which, in principle, was done in exchange for this by the whole of russia, uh, transferred all the developments to the americans, who were interested in development of its bacteriological weapons on january 7 , 1947. the public prosecutor from the ussr at the tokyo trial, alexander vasiliev , sent a letter to the headquarters of general douglas macarthur, in which the soviet side asked america to give her sira and these. the main japanese war

criminals, participants in the preparations for bacteriological warfare, the former head of detachment 731, lieutenant general of the medical service, ishii shiro, and the former head of the 4th department of the same detachment, colonel ota, are in japan when general derevyanko demanded to be extradited to us in order if you exchange an iota, macarthur's headquarters declined to answer. the question that the ussr should hold its own open trial of participants in the preparation of bacteriological warfare was raised back in august 1948, when it became clear that the international military tribunal for the far east in tokyo would not discuss this topic. the alleged range of defendants in this case is 14-15 former japanese military personnel in the rank of lieutenant general. yes, a corporal, and half of them served directly in the detachment number 731, and the other in the khagain camp, where

soviet citizens were kept, some of whom were sent to the detachment to carry out bacteriological experiments on them. interrogations of the former employees of detachments 731 and 100 revealed additional details of how the japanese death factory was organized from the testimony of the head of the department of detachment 731, major of the medical service, tomio karasawa, the detachment was especially interested in the issue related to the active use of anthrax and bubonic plague, that is fastest way to get in bacteria in the human body in order to achieve the active use of anthrax as a damaging weapon against a person, experiments were carried out to infect an open wound. on living people, killers in white coats experienced not only the effects of deadly bacteria. they conducted other equally cruel experiments. in how many

hours and minutes will death occur if a person is hung upside down, what changes will occur if poisonous gas is introduced into the stomach, how will the human body react if it is pumped with the blood of a horse in detachment 731 there was even a special exhibition room ; those who entered it for the first time fell into a state of shock on the shelves of formalin solution, floating human heads, legs, stomachs and intestines of the uterus, some with fetuses. from the testimony of a senior non-commissioned officer kazu mi. two russians in my presence were shot by a gendarme in early september 1944 at a cattle burial ground and buried there in the ground. they were shot at the direction of the lieutenant on the kasims , they were shot, because it was no longer possible to conduct experiments on them in view of their exhaustion and unsuitable for further experiments. well, the blood of the vein

will freeze from how living people were literally taken apart into pieces in order to trace how the internal organs work after exposure to either pharmaceuticals or any external human influences . humanity. yes, against, but nations that were then recognized as second-class nations, in a relationship that could afford anything, anything, any experience. uh, having no in general, justifications from the point of view of the communist but most importantly, they are also meaningless from the point of view of the military. during the war with the soviet union , it was planned not only to use bombs, but also to carry out ordinary ground operations. the japanese prepared for our harsh climate by conducting

experiments on frostbite. the situation of the front line on the border with the soviet union was simulated; it is necessary to fight the enemy on its territory in conditions of deadly cold, the soldiers fighting on the front line are frostbitten. what can be done in these conditions, experiments on frostbite were aimed at finding methods to overcome the consequences of frostbite. and in order to understand whether we can fight with the soviet union, they froze the captive part of the hand, first to the elbow, then realizing. how to deal with such damage, they cut off the arm at the elbow and froze the shoulder after conducting an experiment from the shoulder. they cut it off and switched to the second hand

, gradually cutting it off, and then experiments began on the legs of the prisoner, cut off the leg to the knee, then to the thigh, in the end, remained only the head and torso, but even in this form, the mockery of a person did not stop. he was given to those who were engaged in other experiments. according to the memoirs of the staff of detachment 731, about 3,000 people died within the walls of the laboratory, on whom cruel experiments were carried out; according to other estimates, the death toll reached 10,000. we are talking about human experiments that were carried out not only on the chinese population, the korean population, but also on the citizens of the soviet union, the topic of genocide. she, uh, appeared as a legal characteristic only in 1948, but these were, uh, the lessons and results of the nuremberg trials. understanding what happened during world war ii. and here it is important to emphasize that

the genocide also concerned the actions of the japanese militarists of the japanese nazis, the khabarovsk process began on december 25 , 1949 in the house of officers of the soviet army , it caused a huge stir among the inhabitants of the city. during an open court session , the materials of the investigation were considered, from which those present in the hall literally began to have nausea attacks, despite the frost. from the very first day of the tribunal. the square in front of the officers' house was packed with people. people listened to the prosecutors themselves for hours, the defendants were brought out into the street with loudspeakers. not live. as they say today, the whole process was broadcast and some of it is necessary. remember, they fainted from the facts that the prosecutors stated and the confessions that the japanese generals gave, that

is, people literally could not survive the shock from the atrocities that the japanese militarists and manchuria committed against the russian people and over the chinese on the bench, the defendants turned out to be 12 people of different status from an ordinary laboratory assistant of detachment 731 to the general of the imperial armed forces of japan, the commander-in-chief of the kwantong army from the same yamada direct supervision of the preparation of bacteriological warfare against the ussr by china, the mongolian people's republic of england, the usa and other countries. i must also admit that in the main this preparation was directed against in the soviet union, it is precisely this that explains why bacteriological detachments 731 and 100 and their branches

were located near the border with the soviet union. the process was carried out in accordance with all the rules of fair justice. each of the 12 japanese was assigned a personal translator and all the accused received an experienced defense lawyer. and during the meetings between prosecutors and lawyers there were real legal competitions. in the soviet press. articles were published every day describing what was going on in the courtroom. defendants has been proven. they received from 2 to 25 years. there were no death sentences. this is simply very explained. the fact is that our country throughout the world, the soviet union, proclaimed that after the war the death penalty was abolished. with us, it was canceled for everyone, and therefore the japanese fan was not applied to the khabarovsk process. the soviet union officially invited representatives of dozens of countries ; only china, the british, the americans and

other recent allies responded. far east nuremberg the western journalists of the khabarovsk process also ignored the fact that they did not come. the trends of the cold war are already very clearly visible on the uh, since on the one hand we have the soviet union, the people's republic of china, an ally of the ussr, and here the demand for retribution, the demand for the widest possible publicity of these events, sounds quite clear . that is why the newspaper. truth quite clearly said that it is necessary that all democratic progressive forces in the world hear the message that was given at the khabarovsk process, as far as the countries of the west are concerned, that is, the united states, great britain and others. here, the processes are not widespread. on february 1, 1950, the ussr ambassadors in washington, london and beijing handed notes to the us governments of

great britain and china; in them, the soviet government proposed holding a special international military court and bringing other organizers of these monstrous crimes to it. including emperor hirohito of japan and head of the secret squad, 731, shirushi, a copy of the note was also presented by the australian government of burma holland india canada new zealand pakistan and france however, this diplomatic move was unsuccessful on the order of 3,350 people who were involved in these war crimes. they then post-war japan took their place in the financial world in the medical world in the business world. these people. they were not punished. not quite successfully, but proved themselves in business in medicine. uh, thanks, in quotation marks, to those skills of dissecting living people that they honed in e, manchuria when they were

there, well, and this success of theirs is built on the blood of thousands of innocent people in 2021, 72 years after the khabarovsk process at the international scientific and practical forum, legal experts once again confirmed the results of the khabarovsk nuremberg legally impeccable and attempts to question the legal component of the process have no grounds. the khabarovsk process became the first and so far the only case in russian practice of successful application of the principle of universal jurisdiction in the court of the ussr acted on behalf of and in the interests of all mankind is all of our country , it is, of course, impressive, because this country has survived. uh, the tragedy of war spoke out both against

atomic weapons and the bill in the bells and alarming and in relation to bacteriological weapons of the khabarovsk process served as a solid foundation for the development of new principles of international justice, which formed the basis of the new world order, as well as the fundamental documents of the united nations organization and in particular convention on the prohibition of bacteriological weapons in the khabarovsk process is also called nuremberg at sea. and it could be, on the contrary, in principle, nuremberg could also be called western khabarovsk in the sense that these are equal in meaning and significance judicial acts that record a crime against humanity only in nuremberg on the part of nazi germany 10 on the part militaristic japan

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old boiled sausage with you for 99, 99. in the donetsk republic, 59 shellings per day killed three civilians, according to the joint control center, the ukrainian military attacked people in the petrovsky district of donetsk from hailstones and the buildings of the school and kindergarten became the target, and the situation in region will be told by our special correspondent stanislav berendewald. the situation in donetsk is still extremely tense under attack again, the petrovsky district, the neighboring kirovsky district , is restless and ukrainian artillerymen are also hitting gorlovka with heavy guns in yesinovataya, there are victims, indeed, the purity of the shelling is growing almost every minute. city ​​of dokuchaevsk uh, hurricanes also worked in the city of dokuchaevsky as a result of the shelling of one mirny

a resident died many wounded, including a film crew of our colleagues, saratodey, came under fire, two cameramen were injured, now their lives are not in danger, however, the frequency of shelling is increasing every minute. now it is also not calm in the kiev region of the city. donetsk shelling continues today in the petrovsky district was fired at a residential area hitting the store. uh, it started by people on their own put it out before the arrival of fire brigades. there are also victims in mariupol, the ministry of emergency situations of donetsk of the people's republic of the ministry of emergency situations of the russian federation, they are demining the territory in the direction of the power line towards mariupol, this must be done in order to clear the territory so that the power engineers can begin to restore the energy supply to this

city . body equivalent of 100 g. i spent a mixture of tg-40. the main task of the water detachment is cleaning. e-e of the territory of the power line from explosive objects in the direction from settlement with okhanka to the quarter, of course, the city of mariupol, uh, the main task. of course, this is a return between the population. e home so that they slowly establish their peaceful life, so that energy. with their equipment, they pierced e- wires to the substation, which is located in the pionerskaya quarter, so that the population of e sopino and the pionerskaya quarter received electricity faster and came to peaceful life in magadan. in mariupol itself, they are clearing the rubble and helping to restore the infrastructure, that is, work. in

this direction continues 24/7 stanislav bernald. andrey potapov andrey rudenko oleg bondarenko lead. the donetsk people's republic of russia has published footage of the combat work of airborne troops units during a special military operation in ukraine the personnel of the airborne forces during the offensive destroys enemy firing points storming strongholds is carried out with fire support from mortar crews and crews of airborne combat vehicles by machine-gun fire calculations. enemy sniper positions are suppressed russian missile forces and artillery hit more than 500 enemy targets overnight with high-precision missiles, command posts and ammunition depots were destroyed, the latest information was reported by the russian ministry of defense command posts and two ammunition depots in areas of settlements, controversial

and birch bark of the donetsk people's republic, as a result of strikes, up to 100 nationalists were destroyed as a result of strikes, 23 units of military equipment of operational-tactical army aviation were disabled; concentration of manpower and military equipment, an ammunition depot near the village of lyubovnivka, kherson region, as well as 23 artillery units armed forces of ukraine at firing positions in the areas of vertikamenskoye red liman drobysheva yarovaya korobochkina hussarovka russian air defense weapons destroyed 13 ukrainian unmanned aerial vehicles during the night. in the areas of the settlements of chkalovskoye dementievka, krymsk deep balakleya gopkovka of the kharkiv region, staromikhailovka spartak yelenovka donetska of the people of the republic of petrovenka and

severodonetsk of the luhansk people's republic, including one baraktar t2 above the settlement mankovka, kharkov region. in addition, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe settlements of izyum semyonovka and snezhkovka, kharkov region, three rocket launchers, a tornado fire, in total , 165 aircraft were destroyed at the beginning of the special operation. 125 helicopters 858 unmanned aerial vehicles 304 zenith and missile systems 3.051 tanks and other armored combat vehicles 372 rocket launchers fired 1507 field artillery mortars, as well as 2898 units of special military vehicles. investigative committee of russia opened criminal cases against another ukrainian commander who gave illegal orders to shell the civilian population of donbass, as well as against other high-ranking military forces who are already defendants in other criminal cases. according

to the investigation on may 12 13