march 1918 german troops enter kiev for the first time in history, a german soldier marches along khreshchatyk, tired of revolutionary upheavals , local inhabitants hope that foreigners will bring them peace and order. together with the invaders , members of the self-proclaimed central rada, which had fled from the bolsheviks, returned to kiev. ironically, it was the fathers of nezalezhnosti who surrendered ukraine to the germans in order to stay in power. the central rada lived on rosy illusions. they believed that they were inviting the friendly side, which here he will come, which means he will drive out the reds, suppress the dissatisfied, charka will stand there under them, and then the delegation of the central rada will dissolve somewhere,

signed a peace treaty with the germans and austrians in brest lithuanian. a few weeks before lenin and trotsky, this happened on february 9, 1918. according to the document, the government of the ukrainian people's republic agreed to the complete occupation of their country by german troops and austria-hungary. in addition, it undertook to supply the former enemies with 1 million tons of grain, 400 million eggs, hundreds of thousands of pounds, meat, lard, butter, sugar. and manganese ore, in addition, the head of the ukrainian delegation that concluded this humiliating deal with the germans, the austrians, was a half-educated student and a native. kyiv alexander sevryuk. the russian bolsheviks will sign peace with the germans on the third of march, agreeing to pay a 3 billion indemnity in gold, bread, ore and other raw materials in total as

a result of the brest peace. russia was losing 27% of the territory, 26% of the population, 33% of the abric, 75% of coal and 32% of the grain harvest. both the leader of the unr and the leader of the bolsheviks needed an external force, which either allowed to rely on it, or allowed to deal with their opponents and , accordingly, not be distracted by any foreign policy challenges. for germany, the brest peace was a real gift. 4 years of world war on two fronts exhausted the safety margin of the german economy since 1916, a rationing system for distributing products was introduced in the country. bread began to be made from potato flour, thousands of erza appeared from products from various substitutes.

the population of germany, due to total mobilization and militarization, was completely involved in the war economy. this led to the fact that the standard of living of german citizens was continuously declining until 1918, in some regions people began to starve, which, of course, made the war very unpopular in germany, the collapse of the russian empire led to the collapse of the eastern front . the february revolution and the october revolution put an end to combat readiness of the russian army , so the austro-german coalition had a chance to seize huge stocks of food and other valuable property in the untouched by war russian provinces. there were especially many of them in the south of the

former romanov empire here since 1917 there was a fierce struggle for power between the bolsheviks and the self-proclaimed central rada rada was created in kiev by representatives of several socialist parties and ukrainophile organizations shortly after the fall of the russian monarchy. it was headed by the famous historian mikhail grushevsky , he proclaimed a course towards the creation of a ukrainian national-territorial autonomy within the federal russian state. but after after they took kiev into the troops of the kharkov soviet republic in february 1918, the members of the rada had to flee. the only

tool to return to power they saw the german and austrian bayonets. this is how the brest treaty appeared, according to which germany and austria-hungary received otrada the legal right to plunder ukraine in their own interests to continue the world war. naturally, the germans understood that they were going there in order to ensure their tasks, but i was glad, uh, i was glad that it means that such a kind, strength, kind soul was found, which e im. and for some reason it will be so disinterested to help. in the spring of 1918, german and austrian troops occupied the entire territory of ukraine; the abundance of food that could be bought here without any cards rations shocked the starving german army. each soldier of the occupying

army received the right to send weekly parcels to germany weighing 12 pounds or almost 5 kg. a professor of ethnography and anthropology from petrograd, who lived at that time in kiev. nikolai mikhailovich mogilyansky left detailed memoirs of german stay in ukraine in 1918. it was necessary to see. with what greed did the german soldiers pounce on the delicious little russian fat, eating it. here, in front of everyone, simply without bread, when in a district town my brother offered a german soldier frozen on the night guard a glass of tea with milk. healthy kid. he burst into tears like a child. our sick children had difficulty getting milk. we haven't seen him in years,

" he said. general hermann von eckbon was appointed commander-in-chief of the german army in ukraine. footage of his meeting at the kiev railway station. having started the development of the new territory, eegon very quickly became convinced that the central rada had no real power. after that, he decided to act independently. first of all, the german commander ordered all peasants and owners of large farms to sow the land by force on april 15th. he issued a second order on the creation of german courts-martial in ukraine. from now on, any attempt to interfere with the collection and export of crops to germany, as well as sabotage of field work, was punishable by death. at

the answer to this on april 28, the central rada gathered for an emergency meeting to adopt the constitution of the ukrainian people's republic and elect its president. but a desperate attempt to assert their rights to power failed. the germans have already written off rada as waste material. the very overthrow of the glad it lasted for 2 days. on the first day of april 28 , in fact, the germans occupied the room where the rada met, but no one began to disperse it. it just means that the german lieutenant demanded the arrest of three ministers of the rada and the rada has the same lieutenant. just seized grushevsky, uh, documents. i mean, it was such a rush. well, in general, such a sonorous, slap in the face, ukrainian statehood is some kind of lieutenant. these are the great men put in place on april 29.

the central rada self-destructed along with the newly minted president hrushevsky. on the same day, in the kiev circus of krutikov, a congress of landowners and wealthy landowners elected a new ruler of ukraine, the hetman. pavel petrovich skoropadsky, his candidacy was approved by the german command. in reality, of course, the germans were not going to transfer full power to skoropadsky, in fact. they simply created a protector, where a person with such semi- dictatorial, half-wielding powers stood on this territory. he kept exclusively on german bayonets, he did not completely control the territory, and at the same time, in many respects, the policy of the gateman was very controversial in social, cultural and in other aspects , the germans did not accidentally rely on skoropadsky before the revolution. he belonged to the russian elite

empire. in may 1918, he turned 45 in public, he invariably appeared in elegant cherkessk with a dagger and the order of st. george iv degree, his family owned huge land plots in the poltava and chernigov provinces and was considered one of the richest in little russia. in st. petersburg, the son of the starodub district marshal of the nobility and the daughter of a porcelain manufacturer, pavel petrovich skoropadsky, made a brilliant career. a graduate of the page corps guards officers of the elite cabal guard regiment, he was brave and experienced cavalryman. during the russo-japanese war, to which he volunteered for participation in the hostilities of skoropadsky, he was awarded

drinking orders and golden weapons with an inscription for courage on the eve of the first world war, he was appointed commander of the life guards cavalry regiment , promoted to major general and enlisted in the retinue of his imperial majesty in this rare photo, skoropadsky accompanies nicholas ii during his trip to the crimea. i think that pavel skoropadsky was a brave officer who fought for the empire in the russo-japanese war and world war i. he just wasn't in the right place. he could not resist the temptation to take power over this very ukrainian state, which turned, in fact, into a caricature of the entire experience of ukrainian statehood at the beginning of the 20th century, that the unr, that the directory, that the gate of the karapat manat is one big continuous caricature of the world war skoropadsky fought against the germans in east prussia for which he was

awarded. order of st. george, 4th class february revolution. pavel skoropadsky met in the position of head of the thirty-fourth army corps, already being a lieutenant general of the russian imperial army. in 1917, on behalf of the supreme commander-in-chief lavr kornilov, he ukrainianized his corps, turning it into the first ukrainian one. this was another revolutionary experiment of the provisional government, which decided that from now on, each part of the former empire should defend its own national territory. in october 1917 the chigirinsky congress of the free cossacks elected pavel skarapatsky as their military chieftain. in addition , he became the commander-in-chief of the troops of the central rada, but

there was never real trust between the former tsarist general and members of the self-proclaimed rada. the figures are glad he feared. they generally did not like everyone who wore shoulder straps vinnichenko called the military. eh, an officer purely in the bolshevik way. well, here's a social democrat, and quite left-wing views. and all the more they feared that he would be a bonaparte there. so he leads the armed strength. here he is, so he can overthrow them. well, actually they were right. in this case, the next day. after the disappearance of rada on april 30, 1918. hetman. skoropadsky addressed the people from the first reading. in it, he stated that he took power into his own hands in order to establish order and tranquility in ukraine. the ukrainian people's republic was abolished instead, a new ukrainian state was proclaimed, all laws adopted by the central rada were canceled. restored,

the old administrative division into provinces counties and volosts. all executive and legislative power passed into the hands of the hetman. however , the independent hetman's power was only on paper in the field, the real power belonged to the heads of the german garrisons and commandant's offices. in kiev itself, the hetman and his ministers were controlled by the generals eigorn and the grand house of the former governor-general, in which skoropadsky settled with his whole family around the clock guarding the german ship. even at night, a german sentry stood at his bedroom door as the cornerstone of the political program. hetman, became restoration of the right of private property, as well as free sale and purchase of land in practice. this meant the dissolution of the land committees. and

return to the landowners, selected after the seventeenth year of ownership, including land, livestock and implements. the only thing that skoropadsky was unlucky with was his last name, because his ukrainian state, as it began to be called, was immediately dubbed skoropadsky. well, whatever you call a yacht, so it will float, its social support was, first of all, the bureaucracy, the landowners, and the bourgeoisie, the financiers. well, and what was called the kulaks. yes, here is a reliance on these forces, but also, uh, mainly of course on the germans, because the germans pursued their own policy in ukraine, and often does not mean, do not even pay attention to the hetman governments. on june 2, 1918, berlin officially recognized skoropadsky as the head of the ukrainian state by austria-hungary and about 30 other states

that expected to snatch their share of the ukrainian loaf. according to the agreements, the hetman 's power had to fully pay for the military assistance of the german patrons of the germans themselves they were only interested in how many poods of grain and for the promised million tons they would be able to withdraw from ukraine to germany. in addition, the german troops took away property stored in warehouses of the former southwestern front, canvas tents , linen, car tires, leather, shoes and actively exported any metal products, including doorknobs, samovars and utensils made of copper odessa mayor. vladimir mustafin wrote about that time. the germans disposed of the country as

they pleased, regardless of by the government, neither by the courts nor in general with the laws of the country, by its interests and customs, the german government intended to disguise the export of fat foodstuffs necessary for starving germany. bread and fat of dairy products by the fact that the entire collection and export will be carried out by agents of the local ukrainian authorities, giving the character of an exchange commodity for the cloth necessary for the country's oil, and the like, the germans supported the hetman's policy aimed at establishing the power of large landowners, there were many farms. it is easier to take out food on than small ones. in order to fulfill the promises made to the germans, skoropadsky returned

the twelve-hour working day and banned any rallies from tachka, which led to the fact that in june 1918 a general strike broke out in ukraine, in which about 200,000 people took part. beginning in may, the country was engulfed by peasant uprisings. only to suppress the rebellious peasants of the nezhensky district of the chernigov province, the german command sent two regiments and a cavalry brigade captured insurgents were shot by german soldiers, who were shot with champals or sent to forced labor to drain swamps in poland, an eyewitness to these events, professor nikolai mogilyansky, wrote rarely, where the germans behaved correctly in the dark corners. they took everything at an arbitrary price and behaved

rudely cynically and defiantly, this led to conflicts that ended very tragically, for the killed comrades, the germans of the style are cruel with this sometimes artillery, entire villages. a good professional military man he is a rumbak, he is brave the officer is his, but when he got up, before the need, to consider the possibility of carrying out some kind of social agrarian reforms. he, of course, made steps very inept peasants, turned against himself, because, in the first place, the germans were a rake. frankly, the peasants, confiscating grain from them and in general everything that is possible, is well described in the rich i give the russian pig a receipt that i confiscated another family from her, and so on. and it is natural that this e gradually undermined his regime. power of the central authority and the cruelty of its european allies led to the

appearance in ukraine of a huge number of all kinds of bantas, the largest of them was led by a well-known anarchist. old man makhno in the eighteenth year, his group grew to the size of an entire rebel army. in addition to the makhnovists in the vastness of the ukrainian state, at that time the owner started the gangs of atamans of the green structure of the sokolovsky atamansha marusya and other lovers of light knives on july 30, general aegon was killed near his house in kiev and his adjutant threw a bomb at them by a member of the combat group socialist-revolutionaries. boris donskoy at the same time prepared an attempt on skoropadsky himself, but it was revealed. until now by the way, according to the literature, the figures of the german austrian

opposition army range from 350 to half a million. that is, even in the scientific literature, the numbers are not exactly known, the same is with losses, and the german troops from 19 there to 22,000 people, that is, the germans practically lost two divisions during this time. naturally, the losses of the peasants were many times greater.

why is every step putin makes in the west such reactions? what kind of fruit city is built in dushanbe

others will show you what you have already seen. there is nothing new for us here. and we have a lot of new manifestations, but those convulsions of lavrov and peskov are the most important news in the first place. and as always, shots from the claars of the scheme are these hugs. big politics we see more than others. this is the obvious thing. moscow kremlin putin watch on sunday at 22:00. belgorod under fire there are dead provocations

of the kiev regime have crossed the borders, both literally and figuratively they are hitting russian cities with banned cluster munitions. the allied forces are completing the defeat of the enemy inside lisichansk, the militants are locked up, in the cauldron the fighters understand everything. what will be the outcome many of them surrender the second victim of a shark attack egypt russian consulate general hurghada warns tourists of the danger. what does hotel management do? what measures are the authorities taking russian chess player ian nepomniachtchi became the winner of the candidates tournament, and now the grandmaster can compete for the world championship ahead of schedule chess crown. the information hour begins with the news that at that moment comes to the news agency feed ukrainian troops surrounded makiivka

and donetsk, firing three shells of 152 mm caliber and 6 rockets headquarters of makeevka troops informs the headquarters of the territorial defense of the dpr about this. of course, we will return to this news with an uh review. contact our special correspondent located in donetsk to the people's republic and now to the consequences of the shelling of belgorod from the sun this morning, russian air defense systems destroyed three ukrainian ballistic missiles over the city. one of them fell on a residential building, this was announced today by the ministry of defense also by forces. air defense neutralized explosives, drones, which targeted kursk tonight from 3:00 to 3:30 moscow time, the kiev regime a deliberate strike with ballistic missiles at point u with cluster munitions and drones tu-143 flight to the elderly quarters of

belgorod and kursk where there are no military facilities. i want to emphasize that this missile attack was purposefully planned and was carried out against the civilian population of russian cities by russian air defense systems. all three point u ballistic missiles with cluster warheads launched by ukrainian nationalists at belgorod were destroyed in the air as a result of the defeat of ukrainian missiles , fragments of one of them fell on a residential building in the city as well as russian air defense systems. on approaching kursk, two ukrainian jet unmanned aerial vehicles filled with explosives were destroyed, then 143 flights. four civilians were killed as a result of the shelling of belgorod, four more were injured, including a child among the victims, a family from kharkov came to russia fleeing the hostilities, our correspondent vladimir yermolenko is following the situation in belgorod at the site of the night

emergency, operational services continue to work staff. ministry of emergency situations dismantled the rubble according to the latest data, practically. in the very center of belgorod , more than 60 households were damaged or completely destroyed. wow, in these frames there are bright flashes in the predawn sky, which were accompanied by a very loud sound. according to official data from ukraine, three points were fired at belgorod, all were successfully shot down by air defense forces, but the destroyed parts of one of the unguided missiles still fell on residential area with a girlfriend and noticed in the sky, the second third fourth fifth small explosion, and then we they saw something in the form of a salute, and then the sound of a propeller turned red towards the sky. whistling in my ears and just a huge flash hissed and whistled. i figured it was an explosion? the shock wave flew the window glass fell. does

the roof and just a scared child? the governor of the belgorod region, vyacheslav gladkov, crawled to the place of the emergency almost immediately. he talked with the residents of the damaged houses. assessed the scale of damage, according to the head of the region , restoration work began today . the foundation is broken the institute of the system is broken, we understand it, mm, if it is not broken. yes, we then established construction organizations for each object. i take off control when i actually have a house, that is, i will write a receipt that everyone is working. there, as a result of the incident , four people were injured, two - this is a man and a ten-year-old boy were taken to the hospital. it turns out that all the necessary medical care is a specialist of two. including a child in hospitalized condition of all secondary gravity. e life is not threatened by medical

care, it is a complete facility. also as a result of an attack from a neighboring state. four people died. this is one mother of god three citizens of ukraine i who came from kharkov fled from the war of the kiev regime and neo-nazis, the government of ukraine kills citizens of ukraine on the territory of the russian federation and this is the absolute height of cynicism that ukraine has reached in its actions in the family of a deceased citizen of russia will be paid 3 million rubles . everyone affected by 500.000. in addition, if they wish, they will be sent to a sanatorium free of charge. the most important thing now is to restore residential buildings that suffered as a result of an attack from ukraine as soon as possible. the team has already begun work . damage assessment and the necessary measurements are being carried out; pluzhnik to conduct, belgorod russian troops, together with units of the lugansk people's republic,

complete the defeat of the enemy this was reported in the ministry of defense. then our special correspondent igor pikhanov is following what is happening in the cities around it. today , the city of lysichansk was taken under control by the ukrainian troops, who were located there , they were neutralized, now the city battles have stopped . her bomb shelters were smeared to finally go out into the street, the city of ilisichansk - this is the last a large settlement of the lugansk people's republic which was under the occupation of the armed forces. in addition, these are strategic settlements from there, the ukrainian military fired at the city. this special operation is not over. now units of the allied forces are neutralizing ukrainian militants who are in the city of seversk of the donetsk people's republic, this settlement is still confused by the occupation of the armed forces, and shelling

of the territory of the luhansk people's republic is taking place from there today they hit the city of stakhanov from a haimar multiple launch rocket system from an american production. 11 residential buildings were damaged there, and one residential building was destroyed today. e employees of the people's militia and the military of the russian federation, local residents were greeted with tears in their eyes and people very well meet with words of gratitude. this is our city. it has always been ours, it has never been a ukrainian city. this city from this city fights a lot in the army of the lpr, so the city meets us just fine, leaving the ukrainian the military tried to destroy the infrastructure of the settlement. and now there is no light in the city, and no gas. also, there is no water in the taps, people are forced to draw drinking water in the private sector in the wells, it was also especially difficult for people to go without bread due to regular shelling in the settlement , the supply of food was interrupted

today, the people's militia, uh, delivered the first batch of humanitarian aid to the city recently time. we are practically. because don't . god would have with our documents we would have someone had seen. it seems to me that there would be specific claims against us from the outside, well, of course, the national guard of the country, because the russians came. what are you guys, we were waiting for food for residents, lisichansk, 2001 essential products, pasta the republic organizes an administration in the city, which will primarily deal with organizing assistance to local residents, as

well as carrying out repair and restoration work. first of all, food is food - first of all, people, well, there is no can. further other services should come here. there, the same ministry of emergency situations should appear in the military-civilian administration, which will already take on the improvement of life, that is, according to general estimates, somewhere 1/10 1/8 of the people are left. many people have left here. as soon as they receive a signal for them that at least light has appeared here, that is, a huge number of people will return back. now the republic is undergoing large-scale repairs, restoration work, more than 600 builders from the russian federation have arrived in the donbass, they help builders from the national republics to restore roads and bridges damaged after shelling in their homes and pikhanov vladislav mirzayantsy news, lugansk people's republic. the president of uzbekistan called on the people of the republic to unity, as well as to prevent separatism and nationalism in the country about this shavkat mirziyoyev. speaking at a meeting with deputies of the

supreme council, the karakalpaks on the eve of the head of uzbekistan led a state of emergency on the territory of the autonomy because of the riots that had taken place there, mirziyoyev said that as a result of these the unrest has civilian casualties and law enforcement officials protesting the karkapaks, reportedly caused by constitutional amendments that dealt with the status of the region against the backdrop of these mirziyoy events. decided not to make these changes. in the basic law , according to the authorities, the situation in karakalpak has stabilized. the copenhagen police detained a suspected attack on visitors to the shopping center feels, according to eyewitnesses, the man started shooting. on the ground floor of the building near a popular clothing store, this footage shows panicked patrons running out of the mall, with several people injured, according to police. they were taken to the hospital. eyewitnesses report that at the time of the attack, the shopping center was crowded, as a concert by a famous british performer was to take place nearby. the consulate general

of russia in hurghada warned tourists about the danger after reports, and the second death as a result of a shark attack, the department urges our compatriots to be extremely careful and to comply with the restrictions set by local authorities, let me remind you earlier, footage of a predator attack on a 68-year-old austrian citizen appeared on the network; she died from blood loss and pain shock. details and properties for shark behavior are being investigated by experts. local government closes beaches and temporarily bans swimming and all other water activities in the area of ​​emergency he will fight the norwegian magnus carlson, nepomniachtchi is 31 years old, he became the european champion in 2010 as part of the russian national team and won the world team championship twice. by the way, i am nepomniachtchi , the first chess player in 66 years who won the candidates tournament twice in a row, he was the winner.