the legendary taras poles are sworn enemies, and today schoolchildren need to be brought up in a completely different anti-russian spirit. but in ukraine's polish history, the current pastel is rather an exception. what is the norm. suffice it to recall only the most significant pages and episodes in the 17th century, during the time of taras bulba, a bloody struggle was going on in the ukrainian lands against the unia of a hidden form of catholicization of the orthodox in 1648. bogdan khmelnitsky started a war with the polish crown, mutual cruelty reached the massacre for the poles as a symbol of a special the atrocities of that time became the town of polonnoye in warsaw, they spoke with horror about four hundred, gentry women cut out by the cossacks and their young children, blood flowed knee-deep. after more than 100 years, it passed through the lands of the right-bank ukraine, which was part of the commonwealth. a new wave

of bloody pogroms, the name kleshina, most likely comes from ili kali, as cattle cutters with long knives were called in ukrainian villages. the entire population was completely destroyed, including women, children and old people, how many uniate catholics and jews died at the same time, historians still argue ? taras shevchenko's poem gaidamake about the events of the cinnamon is still considered one of the most controversial works of the ukrainian classic contemporary shevchenko belinsky in a harsh manner. so appreciated the essay here is everything that befits every little russian poem. here are the poles.

cossacks. here they swear well, drink, beat the tourniquet and cut the conflicts did not subside even in the 20th century in 1918 after the collapse of the austro-hungarian empire, revived. poland was preparing to solemnly annex gale to the rank, western ukrainians who lived on these lands turned out to disagree in the fall of 18 in lviv, an anti-polish coup began, the poles, who accounted for more than half of the city's inhabitants, defended it in the central cemetery there is a monument to lviv gauze 15-18 years old. poles who died in battles with ukrainians at the beginning of the 21st century, local nationalists have repeatedly demanded to remove the inscription from the memorial and even tried to destroy it in their in turn, several monuments to the fighters of the ukrainian insurgent army were demolished in poland, organizations banned in the russian federation today's

policy of glorifying ukrainian nationalists and its leader stepan bandera is not perceived by polish society these people are guilty of the massacres of poles in volyn in forty-three-forty. the fifth year in 2016 - seven recognized the volyn massacre as a genocide in poland is prohibited ukrainians in anna efimova's story are hugs of two presidents and loud applause in the walls of the verkhovna rada, ukrainian embroidered shirts and unfurled polish flags. the last visit of the head of poland anzhi to the square is like a demonstration of the age-old indestructible friendship between kiev and warsaw, remember. poland will never leave ukraine to doubt this ever from the point of view of poland's historical claims to

ukrainian lands. the beginning of territorial disputes between at that time the ancient russian state and poland dates back to the end of the 10th century during the reign of prince vladimir war for the so-called cherven cities. among them was the current valyn, conducted with varying degrees of success. bringing victory to the poles, then to the russians of the lands of volhynia and barren. they were under the control of the princes from the rurik dynasty, but, unfortunately, this princely thing was interrupted in 1.340. and as soon as this was interrupted, and the territory of volhynia ceded to lithuania, and the territory of galicia ceded to poland, finally polish domination. these territories gained a foothold by the second half of the 16th century with the signing of the so-called lublin union, that is, unification, in fact, the absorption by the kingdom of poland of the rapidly weakening grand duchy of lithuania, thus vast territories from the baltic and almost to

the black sea itself. they came under the rule of the polish crown. in the 16th century poles carried out on the territory of modern ukraine not only a policy of national or religious oppression, but, in fact , a policy of social genocide, it was the poles on the territory of modern ukraine that established, uh, the bestial regime of serfdom is nowhere like it it was neither before nor after such a practice ultimately led to an anti-polish uprising led by bohdan khmelnitsky , a historical figure who still causes persistent allergies among the polish authorities, the example of poland , mateusz morowetsky in february 2018 during one of his speeches on the topic of polish jewish relations even compared him to hitler for our neighbors. khmelnytsky is a national hero. and for us, the one who made the first chord in the death of the commonwealth it must be said that phantom pains

about the collapse of the commonwealth escalated. after the first world war, when four empires disappeared from the political map of the world at once, the russian-austrian-hungarian ottoman and german new polish leadership, headed by yuzaf pilsussky, decided to take advantage of the situation and restore the commonwealth within the borders of 1772 to establish control over western russian the lands of white and little russia as well as the baltic states and this concept was named polish from maybe, yes, maybe or between the seas the meeting of the union of slavic the baltic and balkan states, as a belt between the barbarian and russia and western europe, poland has always felt its task. here is the bringing of western culture to these territories, the people of the pans, there is such a polish expression and indeed it was such an ideology. first of all. the gentry, like but this condition, which

grew so much and enriched it precisely on the colonization of the east slavic lands, warsaw aspired to the daughter of the euro py just the lands of western ukraine to the poles, they were handed over by the patriot and ardent nationalist ataman petliura, which is still regarded by many in the independent community as a betrayal of national interests, despite the assurance that the so -called pacification of the ukrainian population will begin to terrorize, humiliate, assimilate the polish in the special status of ukrainians very soon. even the very name of galicia will officially turn into eastern lesser poland. the polish mentality retains this feeling that it is necessary to return to our legitimate russian lands. at the same time, in polish thinking, rus is only ukraine and belarus and russia - this is another other country another people well, poland's territorial appetites turned out to be even higher. we would not become a real

colonial power, specially created for these purposes, the polish, naval and colonial league is making plans for the economic development of angola peru brazil and bolivia, by the way, were going to import colonists there and from western ukraine, moreover, literally on the eve of world war ii, warsaw appeals to the league of nations a prototype of the modern un with a demand to transfer to it some of the former german colonies. instead, very soon, in the thirty-ninth , poland itself will become a kind of colony; it will be divided between the soviet union and germany. on september 17, 1939, the red army entered the territory that had disintegrated under the blows of the wehrmacht of the second commonwealth in order to protect the population of western ukraine and belarus from the germans the inhabitants of those lands that warsaw called oriental armchairs, where second-class poles lived all these years of childhood,

welcomed soviet soldiers, hanging red flagged by the behavior of the bolsheviks because they basically avoid opening fire, and their commanders claim that they came to the aid in poland against the germans, soviet soldiers for the most part do not shoot ours with demonstrative sympathy, share cigarettes. and so on. ukraine has never had real independence, sovereignty is what happened to her at first. karapatsky handed over almost all the reins of government to germany ; eh, well and later ukraine joined. e of the soviet union, an independent village never lived. this is manifested today they need lords. speaking emotionally from the point of view of understanding this whole mechanism, probably following this logic, the

gold and foreign exchange reserves of ukraine were recently transferred to poland before the normalization of the situation. the head of the central bank explained that ukraine relies heavily on international support to accumulate resources and finance spending and there may be logic in this, but more historical deja vu by anna efimova valeriy savelyev anastasia popova typical, ukraine we will talk about ukraine, polish relations, their past present and possible prospects with our permanent expert rostislav ishchenko rostislav good afternoon. good afternoon rostislav so , uh, is this the centuries-old polish-ukrainian enmity, it has remained in the past and only cloudless distances lie ahead, the modern ukrainian state was created on the basis of an absolutely russophobic concept. yes i think that it is impossible to create a ukrainian state on the basis of another concept. and the poles have an uninhabited

complex of a failed empire, which, again, was stolen from them by the russians, and this certainly brings them closer, the ukrainian political satellite, which began to form anew in the 17th century. on the base. yes, this cossacks. their understanding of the ideal state was about the same as that of the polish gentry of russia, an overly ordered state. here's the spirit of freedom yes, as they call it the freedom of the absolute will, right? and anarchy, it can be traced during the civil war, where the largest number of these same batik atamans, the largest number in ukraine , is the largest gang for several thousand years, even several tens of thousands of years, and those that are smaller even in every village, almost on every street gang anarchy yes, but this anarchy is very easy to negotiate. with poland, again, petliura seems to be a russian social democrat, well, or socialism, the ukrainian galician army, which formed the basis of its armed forces , negotiates at the beginning with the reds, then with the whites

with the poles. she didn’t want to agree, because for the galicians the poles are the first enemy, yes, but petlyura, and the person who was born grew up and lived in central ukraine, i think i can still achieve in the poles, because you feel the danger to your statehood primarily from russia. here it is big it is near the population here russia perceives. that their population here is orthodox, not uniates, as they say, orthodox and therefore the danger of ukrainian statehood comes from russia, but you need to rely on poland and this is their constant it brings this closer and now it brings it closer the poles have never hidden since the emergence of independent ukraine they were ready to curse, because they warmed, finally, for the first time since the 17th century, a more or less large strong ukrainian state appears, which will serve as a buffer between us and russia a, then we will also

integrate it into nato, but now, uh, here, kiev and warsaw seem to be bringing together hatred of russia, and then what ? we are further than nothing . polish states, then we constantly disappeared, that they hated their closest neighbors by and large, if germany and poles now disappear in russia, then the poles and ukrainians, they will start a war of annihilation in the same way in the 20th century, the volyn massacre yes, where and they can’t serve in any way, who the poles flew to banderas or bandera, polyakov, just like the vistula operation was in poland, when in fact the resettlement was not just a resettlement. it was a resettlement with the idea of ​​assimilation. this idea has been implemented promotion. the vistula assumed the resettlement of the ukrainians who remained on the users from the eastern regions more to the western ones. moreover, they moved to different regions so that they would dissolve in the polish sea, and they would dissolve in the polish sea

after the great patriotic war. after all. there, about 2 million ukrainians lived in the population in poland. and after 10 or 15 years, they were practically not there. that is, if russia disappears, germany disappears, their two main enemies the first enemy is russia for poland, the second enemy of germany and for poland, they immediately have an enemy in the form of ukrainians and they will not be reconciled with this enemy, but for now we exist on a geographical map. yes , and they will always unite in the political, because they feel the danger, they proceed from the fact that in order to sleep peacefully the russian state must be destroyed and therefore all the activities of the ukrainian ruling elite for 30 years of ukrainian independence, all the activities of the polish ruling elite after the collapse of the warsaw pact. broke up with ef. the soviet union collapsed. all of it was oriented towards giving birth to then

supporting and intensifying confrontation. west and russia, this brings them closer. this is their joint work. joint work can result in some kind of common state, well, some kind of today's union , like the very famous lublin union of 1569, when poland merged with lithuania and, in fact, swallowed up lithuania and created a commonwealth of zero, you need to actively work on this. they now uh forced, yes or persuaded zelensky uh to submit a bill on special the rights of the poles in ukraine, which, in fact, are generally in administrative law. i would say that it will give them more opportunities, because it is not written anywhere that ukrainians can hold some positions in poland, and poles in ukraine can hold positions in poland, and in poland, too, but ukrainians can no longer do anything there, there is a special

right for the polish armed forces and the polish police, who can restore order in ukraine there and so on, but in principle, to become naked uh is to say the last uh, frontier the last bastion which is under the petliura. in general, he moved to poland, which means that now he gravitates there to the west. and i think they have every opportunity. e, even at the very last moments , escape to poland and not only with them, because, for example, in the carpathians and hungary gravitates. that is, this is the western ukrainian region, with the exception of valyn, because there their relations will already burn out and yes, it obviously gravitates to poland and he has every chance to leave, well, who is in poland, who is in hungary, who is in romania thank you very much for an interesting story? of the seven million victims of the civil war at the beginning of the last century, about

half fell on ukraine. fierce confrontation was accompanied by famine and epidemics in cities and counties, power changed 10-15 times , various states and republics appeared and also rapidly disappeared in just the period of the seventeenth to the twentieth year on the territory of ukraine there were 16 self-proclaimed political entities. ukrainian history textbooks most often tell only about two bourgeois unrs and died, both lost in the fight against ukrainian soviet republic and ceased to exist by the beginning of the 20th year. the first republic of the soviets in ukraine became the odessa soviet , created in january 1918, its territory covered the then kherson province of the russian empire . the republic lasted until march of the eighteenth

year, when german troops entered odessa. another one was formed in the spring of 1918 in simferopol, it was called the soviet socialist republic of tauris, was part of the rsfsr and included the lands of the tauride province of the crimean peninsula and areas, adjacent to the black and azov seas , it lasted a little more than a month. the legendary anarchist nestor makhno had his own republic, and the republic of free soviets with a center. walk the field at that time in the village of the melitopol district of the taurida province at the stormy experience of building states during the years of the civil war in the plot of olga mokhova in the late eighties of the last century in the ukrainian capital in front of the historical building of the polytechnic institute a monument dedicated to the first armed uprising was erected

kyiv workers and students back in 1905. they announced the creation of the republic of shulyava at the beginning of the 20th century. shulyavka, a factory suburb of kiev citizens of the shuletsky republic stand for the overthrow of monarchical absolutism for freedom of assembly and speech for social liberation for an amnesty for political prisoners for the national emancipation of the ukrainian polish jewish and other peoples of the russian empire for an immediate cessation of jewish pogroms that dishonor our people this republic lasted. not for long only a few days, however, like many other formations spontaneously that arose after the revolution of 1905, the tradition of a similar self-organization. it continued after the february revolution of 17, when the entire vast russian empire was swept by a wave without power and lawlessness, this whole story with advice in 1917, which begins in february march of the seventeenth year. this is the whole

story, i don’t call, and the organization itself and very often these tips. they did not just create some place there, for example, there. oh or the village council there of the workers' soldiers' peasant deputies very often they even declared the territory of modern ukraine the republic was no exception in june 1917. the central rada in kiev announced the creation of national territorial autonomy within russia , extending its power to five provinces - kiev, poltava, chernigov, volyn and podolsk, after the proclamation of the ukrainian people's republic in november 17 , kharkov, ekaterinoslav, kherson and tauride pravda were added to these regions. in these provinces themselves, the decisions of kiev were adopted ambiguously both in kharkov and e, so, so to speak, e in the donbass and in odessa is local. as a matter of fact, it's mostly like this. here, the socialist -oriented intelligentsia and workers advocated

that just uh, so to speak, no central for the sake of no central rada, the situation escalated. in the disclosure in january 1918 of the independence of the ukrainian people's republic, the first reacted, odessa is now live broadcast ethiopia m for hospitality for very meaningful talks that began today at a meeting with the president of ethiopia, mrs. flevorda, and continued right now in the form of our conversation with my colleague, these talks were frank and confidential, as befits between friends. we have a regular political dialogue last year in june, mr. minister visited russia, and now i am here with the answers.

i also mentioned the ties between our countries. my colleague has a long and very good history of friendship, mutual sympathy, and solidarity

joint creation, the focus is on considering areas for the further development of our cooperation with a special focus on the trade and economic investment sphere, where there is good dynamics, it is important to support it, including work on further diversification of the range of trade turnover and on the development of modern financial logistics chains that ensure uninterrupted . the work of our economic operators promising

areas for further interaction between our business people, first of all, such as energy transport infrastructure telecommunications information security agricultural production mining, we agreed

that preparatory work will be carried out in all these areas in order to hold the next meeting of the intergovernmental commission on economic cooperation at a good level with the results, which is planned here for the sake of events in october this year. technical cooperation, we today reaffirmed our willingness to implement new plans in this area, including, of course, taking into account. uh, the interests of our ethereal friends are secured by their defenses. we

will further develop our humanitarian cultural contacts of cooperation in the field of education. e, russia is ready to continue to assist in the training of national personnel in various fields. health care works here. uh, a russian hospital under the auspices of the russian e, red cross, and today we will talk about how it works to make u more e.