anthers need to be brought up today in a completely different anti-russian spirit, but in ukraine of polish history, the current pastoral is rather an exception. what is the norm. suffice it to recall only the most significant pages and episodes in the 17th century, during the time of taras bulba, a bloody struggle was going on in the ukrainian lands against the unia of a hidden form, and the catholicization of the orthodox in 1648. bohdan khmelnitsky started a war with the polish crown, mutual cruelty reached the massacre for the poles , a symbol of the special atrocity of that time was the town of polonnoye in warsaw spoke with horror about four hundred noblewomen slaughtered by the cossacks and their young children, blood flowed knee-deep. after more than 100 years, it passed through the lands of the right-bank ukraine , which was part of the commonwealth. a new wave of bloody pogroms, the name klivchyna, most

likely comes from kolya or kolya, as cattle cutters with long knives were called in ukrainian villages. in the kiev region, the entire population was completely destroyed, including women, children of the old men, how many uniate catholics and jews were killed at the same time, historians still argue? taras shevchenko's poem haidamaky about the events of the kolevshchina is still considered one of the most controversial works of the ukrainian classic belinsky's contemporary shevchenko in a harsh manner. so appreciated the essay here is everything that befits every little russian poetry. here are the poles. cossacks. here they swear well, drink, beat

a tourniquet and cut, conflicts did not subside even in the 20th century in 1918 after the collapse of the author of the hungarian empire, revived. poland was preparing to solemnly annex galicia, the western ukrainians who lived on these lands turned out to disagree in the fall, on volvo 18, the anti-polish coup began, the poles, who accounted for more than half of the city's inhabitants, defended it in the central cemetery, there is a monument to the lvov marlyats 15-18. summer fields that died in battles with ukrainians at the beginning of the 21st century, local nationalists repeatedly demanded to remove the inscription from the memorial and even tried to destroy it in their in turn, several monuments to the fighters of the ukrainian insurgent army were demolished in poland. organizations banned in the russian federation today’s policy of glorifying ukrainian nationalists and its

leaders stepan bandera are not perceived by polish society. volyn massacre by genocide is prohibited in poland propaganda of bandera ideology and denial of the genocide poles in navalyn in the story of the neighborhood poles and ukrainians in the plot anna efimova embrace of two presidents and loud applause within the walls of the verkhovna rada, ukrainian embroidered shirts and unfurled polish flags. the last visit of the head of poland to anzhi, as if a demonstration of the age-old unbreakable friendship between kiev and warsaw, remember, will never

leave ukraine the end of the 10th century during the reign of prince vladimir war for the so-called cherven cities. among them was the current one. volyn was conducted with varying success. bringing victory to the poles, then to the russians of the lands of volhynia and barren. they were under the control of the princes from the rurik dynasty, but, unfortunately, this princely thing was interrupted in 1.340. and as soon as this was interrupted, and the territory of volhynia went to lithuania, and the territory of the golitsy went to poland, finally polish domination. in these territories it was fixed by the second half of the sixteenth century with the signing of called the union of lublin, that is, unification, but, in fact, absorption by the kingdom of poland rapidly, weakening at the grand duchy of lithuania. thus, vast territories from the baltic and almost to the black sea were under the rule of the polish crown. in

the 16th century poles carried out on the territory of modern ukraine not only a policy of national or religious oppression, but also, in fact, a policy of social genocide, it was the poles on the territory of modern ukraine that established an e, bestial regime serfdom was nowhere like this before or after such a practice ultimately led to an anti-polish uprising led by bogdan khmelnitsky, a historical character who still causes a persistent allergy in the polish authorities, the example of poland, mateusz morowetsky in february 2018 during one of his speeches at topic of polish jewish relations even compared it to hitler for our neighbors. khmelnytsky is a national hero. for us, the one who made the first chord in the death of the commonwealth it must be said that phantom pains about the collapse of the commonwealth

intensified. after the first world war, when four empires disappeared from the political map of the world at once, the russian-austrian-hungarian ottoman and german new polish leadership, headed by susif pilsussky, decided to take advantage of the situation and restore the commonwealth within the borders of 1772 to establish control over the western russian lands whites and little russia and the baltic states and this concept was called polish from can or between the sea we are talking about the union slavic baltic and balkan states, as a belt between barbarian and russia and western europe, poland has always felt its task. here is the bringing of western culture to these territories, the people of the pans, there is such a polish expression and indeed it was such an ideology. primarily. the gentry, like but this is a social which has grown so much and enriched precisely on the colonization of the east slavic lands, warsaw

is striving. europe was in person, just the lands of western ukraine were handed over to the poles by a patriot and an ardent nationalist ataman petlyura, which is still regarded by many in the independent as a betrayal of national interests, despite the assurance of a special status for ukrainians, very soon there will be many faces. the so -called pacification will begin, the ukrainian population will be terrorized, humiliated, assimilated by the polish. even the very name of galicia will officially turn into eastern lesser poland. the polish mentality retains this feeling that it is necessary to return to our legitimate russian lands. at the same time, in polish thinking, rus is only ukraine and belarus and russia is another country, another people, well, territorial appetites. poland were even higher. why not become a real colonial power, the polish, naval and colonial leagues specially created for these purposes are making

plans for the economic development of angola peru brazil and bolivia, by the way, they were going to import colonists and western ukraine there, moreover, literally on the eve of world war ii, warsaw addresses the league of nations as a prototype, modern un with a demand that part of the former german colonies. instead, very soon, in the thirty -ninth, poland itself will become a kind of colony ; it will be divided between the soviet union and germany. on september 17, 1939, the red army entered the territory that had disintegrated under the blows of the wehrmacht of the second commonwealth in order to protect the population of western ukraine and belarus from the germans residents of those lands that warsaw called oriental armchairs, where second-class poles lived all these years of childhood, welcomed soviet soldiers, hanging out red flags of the troops

disoriented by the behavior of the bolsheviks because they mostly avoid opening fire, and their commanders claim that they came to the aid in poland against the germans, the soviet soldiers for the most part do not shoot ours with demonstrative sympathy, they share cigarettes. and so on. ukraine has never had real independence, sovereignty is what happened to her at first. he handed over almost all the reins of government to germany, he was friends with germany, then petliura with uh, so uh, that's pilsudski. eh, well later ukraine became part of the e-e of the soviet union , it is not independent. never lived. this is manifested today they need lords. speaking emotionally from the point of view of understanding this whole mechanism, probably following this logic, the gold and foreign exchange reserves of ukraine were recently transferred to poland before the normalization of the situation. the head

of the central bank explained that ukraine relies heavily on international support to accumulate resources and finance spending and there may be logic in this, but more historical deja vu anna efimova valeriy savelyev anastasia popova typical, ukraine we will talk about ukraine, polish relations, their past present and possible prospects with our permanent expert rostislav ishchenko rostislav good afternoon. good afternoon rostislav so , uh, is this the centuries-old polish-ukrainian enmity, it has remained in the past and only cloudless distances lie ahead, the modern ukrainian state was created on the basis of an absolutely russophobic concept. yes i think that it is impossible to create on the basis of another concept at the end of the state. and the poles have an uninhabited complex of a failed empire, which, again, was stolen from them by the russians, and this

unconditionally brings them closer to the political elite, the ukrainian one, which began to form anew in the 17th century. on the base. this cossacks and their understanding of the ideal state was about the same as its polish gentry. russia is too orderly state. here's the spirit of freedom yes, as they call it the freedom of the absolute will, right? anarchy can be traced during the civil war, where the largest number of these same batik atamans, the largest number of them in ukraine, is the largest gang for several thousand years, even several tens of thousands of people, and those that are smaller even in every village, almost on every street according to the anarchy gang yes, but this anarchy is very easy to negotiate with poland, here again petlyura seems to be a russian social democrat, well, or socialism is the ukrainian galician army, which formed the basis of its armed forces agrees at the beginning with the reds, then with the whites and the poles. she does not want to negotiate, because

for the galicians the poles are the first enemy. yes, but petliura , uh, a man who was born grew up and lived in central ukraine we agreed very much with the poles, because you feel the danger to your statehood primarily from russia. here it is big, it is near the population here, russia perceives. that their population here is orthodox, not uniates, as they say, but orthodox, and therefore the danger to ukrainian statehood comes from russia and to rely on it is necessary to go to poland, and this constantly brings them closer, and now it brings them closer. the poles have never hidden since the emergence of independent ukraine. they were ready to write hopaksa, because they warmed, finally, for the first time, they traced the 17th century , a more or less large strong ukrainian state appears, which will serve as a buffer between us and russia, and then we will also integrate it into nato, but now, uh, here, kiev and

warsaw seem to be brought together by hatred russia and what's next? we are further than nothing, the fact is that he hate can not build anything constructive polish states, then we constantly disappeared, that they hated their closest neighbors by and large, if germany and poles now disappear in russia, then the poles and ukrainians, they will start a war of annihilation in the same way in the 20th century, the volyn massacre yes, where and they can’t serve in any way, who the poles flew to banderas or bandera, polyakov, just like the vistula operation was in poland, when in fact the resettlement was not just a resettlement. it was a resettlement with the idea of ​​assimilation. this idea has been implemented promotion. the vistula assumed the resettlement of the ukrainians who remained on the territory from the eastern regions more to the western ones. moreover, they moved to different regions so that they would dissolve in the polish sea, and they would dissolve in the polish sea after the great patriotic war.

after all the exchanges there, about 2 million ukrainians lived in poland. and after 10 or 15 years, they were practically not there. that is, if russia disappears, germany disappears, their two main enemies the first enemy russia for poland is the second enemy in germany, for poland, they immediately have an enemy in the form of ukrainians, and they will not be reconciled with this enemy, but for now we exist on a geographical map. yes, and they will always unite in the political, because they feel the danger , they proceed from the fact that in order to sleep peacefully the russian state must be destroyed and therefore all the activities of the ukrainian ruling elite for 30 years of ukrainian independence, all the activities of the polish ruling elite , after the collapse of the warsaw contract. broke up with ef. the soviet union collapsed. all of it was oriented towards giving birth to then supporting and intensifying confrontation.

west and russia, this brings them closer. this is their joint work. joint work can result in some kind of common state, well, some kind of today's union, like the very famous lublin union of 1569, when poland merged with lithuania and, in fact, swallowed up lithuania and created a commonwealth of zero, you need to actively work on this. they now e v- forced, yes or persuaded zelensky e, to file a bill on the special rights of the poles in ukraine , which, in fact, is generally in administrative rights. i would say, because it will give them more opportunities, because it is not written anywhere that ukrainians can hold some positions in poland, and poles in ukraine can hold positions in poland and in poland, too, but ukrainians can no longer have anything special the right for the polish armed forces and the polish

police, who can be engaged in restoring order in ukraine there and so on, but in principle, to become a golitsy uh is to say the last uh, the line is the last bastion which is also under the petliura. in general, he moved to poland, which means that now he gravitates there to the west. and i think they have every opportunity. e, even at the very last moment, run away to poland and not only with them, because, for example, the transcarpathian region and gravitates to hungary that is, this is the western ukrainian region, with the exception of valyn, because there their relations will already burn out and yes, it quite obviously gravitates towards poland and he has every chance to leave, well, who's in poland who is in hungary who is romania thank you very much for the interesting story? of the seven million victims of the civil war at the beginning of the last century, about half fell on ukraine. fierce

confrontation was accompanied by famine and epidemics in cities and counties, power changed 10-15 times , various states and republics appeared and also rapidly disappeared in just the period of the seventeenth to the twentieth year on the territory of ukraine there were 16 self-proclaimed political entities. ukrainian history textbooks most often talk about only two the bourgeois unr and the buzzer both lost in the fight against the ukrainian soviet republic and ceased to exist by the beginning of the 20th year. the first republic of the soviets in ukraine became the odessa soviet , created in january 1918, its territory covered the then kherson province of the russian empire . the republic lasted until march of the eighteenth year, when german troops entered odessa. another

one was formed in the spring of 1918 in simferopol, it was called the soviet socialist republic of tauris, was part of the rsfsr and included the lands the tauride province of the crimean peninsula and the areas adjacent to the black and azov seas , it lasted a little more than a month. the legendary anarchist nestor makhno had his own republic, and the republic of free soviets with a center. walk the field at that time in the village of the melitopol district of the tauride province at the stormy experience of building states during the civil war in the story of olga mokhova in the late eighties of the last century in the ukrainian capital in front of the historical building of the polytechnic institute, a monument was erected, dedicated to the first armed uprising of kiev workers and students back in 1905. they

announced the creation of the republic of shulyava at the beginning of the 20th century. shulyavka a factory suburb of kiev citizens of the shulyavka republic stand for the overthrow of monarchical absolutism for freedom of assembly and speech for social liberation for an amnesty for political prisoners for the national emancipation of the ukrainian polish jewish and other peoples of the russian empire for the immediate cessation of jewish pogroms, which are a disgrace our people have lasted this republic. not for long , just a few days, however, like many other formations spontaneously that arose after the revolution of 1905, the tradition of a similar self-organization. it continued after the february revolution of 17, when the entire vast russian empire was swept by a wave without power and lawlessness, this whole story with the soviets in 1917, which begins in february march of the seventeenth year. this is the whole story, the organization itself does not start, and very

often these tips. they didn't just create some place there, for example there. about or the village council there, the workers' soldiers' peasant deputies, very often they even declared the territory of modern ukraine as a republic, and this was no exception in june 1917. the central rada in kiev announced the creation of national territorial autonomy within russia , extending its power to five provinces - kiev, poltava, chernigov, volyn and podolsk, after the proclamation of the ukrainian people's republic in november 17 , kharkiv was added to these regions. yekaterinoslav kherson and tauride truth. in these provinces themselves, the decisions of kiev were adopted ambiguously both in kharkov and e, so, so to speak, e in the donbass and in odessa is local. as a matter of fact, it's mostly like this. here, the socialist -oriented intelligentsia and workers advocated that just uh, so to speak, no

central for the sake of no central rada, the situation escalated. the proclamation in january 1918 of the independence of the ukrainian people's republic was the first to react, odessa is here bolsheviks left socialist-revolutionaries and anarchists raised an armed uprising against the gaidamaks representing the forces of the ukrainian central rada in kharkov in february at the fourth regional congress of soviets of workers' deputies proclaimed the donetsk krivoy rog republic as an autonomy within the rsfsr, its leader fyodor sergeev, a legendary comrade. artyom when they tried to accuse them of separatism. he just shouted supporters of the ukrainian national bolsheviks, in particular with the crimea, uh, shouted the separatists. not us, but you. e donetsk krivoy rog republic. it was given as an integral part of soviet russia of the all- russian russian state of donetsk, the krivoy rog republic was declared within the same borders. which were recorded in the spring of 1917 as a result of

negotiations between the interim government and the central rada, the kharkov and inoslav provinces entered here, as well as the honors of the kherson region and the donskoy army, these regions were united not according to the general accepted administrative division, but according to the economic sector. well, at least the boundaries. e of the republic of donetsk krivoy rog steel. uh, those agreements that have been lobbied for a very long time for years, if not decades, were lobbied by the largest industrialists of the south of russia and, accordingly, of all of russia as a whole. as a result of the signing of the treaty of brest-litovsk on the occupation of german by austrian troops, the republic desperately resisted in its capital from kharkov, moved to lugansk, but central the bolshevik government did not support the national factor; moscow preferred

the bolsheviks to the economic one. lenin was afraid of the fact that ukraine remains, as they said, petty-bourgeois and in order to dilute it, in order to strengthen the social position, for example, they decided to attach the social situation in ukraine to the proletarian in the donbass to ukraine, this was a purely political decision, but not only in of the former russian empire, a new democracy appeared after the first world war in the collapsed austria-hungary, representatives subethnic group. rusyns lemkos proclaimed two republics at once, the first announced its accession to the western ukrainian people's republic and began an active film adaptation. true, the second russian people's republic of the lemmks, suppressed by the poles, did not last long, organized russian-language schools, advocated the return of the carpathian uniates to orthodoxy and sought to enter greater russia

. well, they assumed that the whites were there, perhaps they will win with this very white. in fact, they supposed to unite someday in the future, the russian people's republic of limko existed a little longer than many self-proclaimed entities until march 1920, but still the most viable experts call the donetsk krivoy rog republic after almost a century of the 2014 event, the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe autonomy of donbass was returned from oblivion olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev typical, ukraine that's all we wanted to tell. today kirill vyshinsky was with you. good luck to you.

it was the enemy's first line of defense at the ugolgorsk thermal power plant. and this line did not cope; the station was a real fortified area and it was strategic for the all-union to spend the night. exclusive of evgeny of the like, who was one of the first to visit the ugory tpp after liberation.